Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Grindelia robusta from Central Italy

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Grindelia robusta aerial parts from central Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 45 components were identified. Borneol (15.2%), alpha pinene (10.3%), trans-pinocarveol (7.0%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), limonene (4.3%) were the main components. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH and 5-lipoxygenase tests.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified, of which the major components were beta-terpineol (13.4%), beta-pinene (9.4%) and alpha-pinene (6.9%). The essential oil showed significant antimicrobial activity.     

Synergistic antibiotic activity of volatile compounds from the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and thymol

Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is used in the folk medicine as topical antiseptic in skin and mucous membranes and its therapeutic effect is attributed to the thymol presence. The objective of this work was to verify the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of L. sidoides and its major component thymol. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The synergistic activity was evaluated using gaseous contact method. The essential oil was obtained (yield of 1.06%) and the GC/MS analysis identified the main constituents: thymol (84.9%) and p-cymene (5.33%). The antibiotic modifying activity was verified using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. It verified the interference of essential oil and thymol against all tested aminoglycosides. There were no statistical differences between the activity of the essential oil and thymol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating this to be the responsible composition for such activity. However, the oil was shown more effective when compared to the thymol against Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major component thymol influence the activity of aminoglycosides and may be used as adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil

The essential oil obtained from the seeds of Momordica charantia was analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-five components, representing 90.9% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents were trans-nerolidol, apiole, cis-dihydrocarveol and germacrene D. Furthermore, the oil was tested for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most sensitive microorganism with MIC values <500 microg/ml.     

Analysis of essential oil in Asternovi-belgii

IntroductionTheasternovi-beIgiihasbehavedm0readvantageincoldresistanceinplantingexperiments.ButitistendingtobeeIiminatedf0rlatefl0weringtime,simpIedesignandc0lorandsma[Ierflowers.TheDendran-themaxgeandthegr0winginnorthernhasc0l0rfuIdesignandfragrant.Thec0l0rfuIdesignsandfragrantD~nthemaxgr8nddergrowinginnortherncon-tainsmanykindsofmedicaImattersiniti.essential0il(Yang1997andLiu1996),butithasIowerability0fcoldresistancethanasternovi-belgii.lnordertobreednewvarietiesandmakecIeartherelation…     

Antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis fruticosa in mice

The essential oil of the Hyptis fruticosa leaves was analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated for antinociceptive property as well as acute toxicity in mice. The essential oil, at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (s.c.), produced significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test. There was no acute toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. Bicyclogermacrene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, and beta-caryophyllene were the major compounds detected in the essential oil.     

Repellent activity of selected essential oils against Aedes aegypti

Essential oils extracted from ten plant species were screened for repellency against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Three oils; Zanthoxylum piperitum, Anethum graveolens and Kaempferia galanga, exerted protection against A. aegypti, with median complete-protection times of 1, 0.5 and 0.25 h, respectively. The protection times were increased significantly by incorporating 10% vanillin. The highest potential was established from Z. piperitum oil +10% vanillin (2.5 h, range=1-2.5 h). Mixtures from pairs of the effective oils possessed slight repellency that ranged from 0-0.5 h. None of the oil combinations repelled A. aegypti for longer than their constituent oil alone. With vanillin added, however, each oil mixture provided improved protection, which was approximately equal to oil on its own. GC/MS analysis revealed that the main component of Z. piperitum fruit oil was limonene (37.99%), with minor amounts of sabinene (13.30%) and beta-myrcene (7.17%). Repellent testing of stored samples of Z. piperitum fruit oil against A. aegypti demonstrated that repellent activity of those kept at -20 degrees C or 4 degrees C was present for a period of at least 3 months. Therefore, the essential oil of Z. piperitum fruit may prove useful in the development of mosquito repellents as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites.     

Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of essential oil of Canarium schweinfurthii

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin of Canarium schweinfurthii growing in Central African Republic, was analysed by GC and GC/MS and its analgesic and antiinflammatory effects were studied. The major constituents of the essential oil were octylacetate (60%) and nerolidol (14%). At the doses of 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg i.p. essential oil shows a significant analgesic effect using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods. However, its was unable to reduce inflammatory process in cotton pellet induced granuloma method.     

Composition and antimicrobial activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cistus munbyi</Emphasis> essential oil: an endemic plant from Algeria

The chemical composition and antimicrobial potential of Cistus munbyi essential oil were studied for the first time. GC and GC–MS analysis revealed 48 compounds representing 96.98% of the oil. Terpinen-4-ol (23.75%), meta-Cymene (17.30%), and Sabinene (12.38%) were the major constituents. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine pathogens using the disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Results show that C. munbyi essential oil possesses strong antimicrobial activity against all strains, regardless if Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, or yeast, with MICs values not exceeding 10 (mg/ml). In addition to its efficacy, C. munbyi essential oil has an unusual antimicrobial potency which is attributed to its specific chemical composition. Thus, findings presented here suggest that endemic C. munbyi contains a very interesting essential oil that may be valuable in several areas.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf essential oil

The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. alpha-Terpinyl acetate, sabinene, isobornyl acetate and limonene were found to be the major components. The oil showed relatively strong antibacterial activities against Gram (+) bacteria and some fungi.     

Analgesic and antidiarrheal properties of Ocimum selloi essential oil in mice

Ocimum selloi essential oil (2, 20, and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) reduced, in a dose-dependent way, the abdominal contraction induced by acetic acid (0.6%; i.p.) and the diarrhea episodes induced by castor oil in mice. At the higher dose (200 mg/kg; p.o.), the essential oil significantly reduced intestinal transit (P<0.05) in the charcoal meal test. The main component detected in O. selloi essential oil was methyl chavicol (98%; GC and GC/MS).These effects seems to support the use of O. selloi against diarrhea, intestinal spasm and visceral pain.     

Chemical composition of Eucalyptus erythrocorys essential oils and evaluation of their herbicidal and antifungal activities

The chemical composition of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Tunisian Eucalyptus erythrocorys Linn. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifteen compounds were identified, representing 97 % of total oil, which was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (66.7 %), particularly in 1,8-cineole (54.8 %). The yield and the physico-chemical properties of oil were determined. The study of antifungal activity revealed that E. erythrocorys essential oil significantly inhibited the growth of five plant pathogenic fungi especially Bipolaris sorikiniana and Botritys cinerea. Moreover, herbicidal properties of the oil, tested on Sinapis arvensis L. and Phalaris canariensis L. indicated that the E. erythrocorys oil completely inhibited the seed germination at high concentration (1.5 μl/ml), while at low doses (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 μl/ml) the oil acted by decreasing and delaying the germination and inhibiting the seedling growth of all tested weeds.     

Chemical composition and bioactivities of three Chrysanthemum essential oils against Tribolium confusum (du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Essential oils from three species of Chrysanthemum growing in Tunisia (C. coronarium, C. fuscatum, and C. grandiflorum) were first analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) and then evaluated for toxicity and antifeeding action against Tribolium confusum. The essential oils obtained from leaves and flowers shared a similar qualitative composition, but the relative proportions of the constituents were quite different. The essential oil of C. grandiflorum was rich in sesquiterpenoids, while those of C. fuscatum and C. coronarium were rich in monoterpenoids. The main common constituents of all the essential oils were ??-pinene, myrcene, ??-humulene, ??-caryophylene, spathulenol, and caryophyllene oxide. The most effective essential oil was obtained from the leaves of C. grandiflorum, that inhibited the relative growth rate (?0.03?mg/mg/d), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (?50.69%), relative consumption rate, caused an antifeeding effect (66.43%) and a high mortality (80%) of T. confusum larvae. Topical application C. grandiflorum essential oil caused a significant insect mortality that attends 27% after 7?days of treatment. While essential oil from C. coronarium flowers has contact and fumigant toxicity with a mortality of 9 and 13%, respectively. Results analysis highlights a relationship between essential oils composition and insecticidal activity against T. confusum. The study showed that each essential oil has specific chemical composition and act differently according to the nature of attributed test. The use of essential oils from different Chrysanthemum species with different methods helps poor farmers who store small amounts of grains to preserve it against pest infestation.     

Chemical composition,phytotoxic and antifungal activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinea</Emphasis> essential oil

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Tunisian Pinus pinea Linn. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-six compounds were identified, representing 98.5% of total oil, which was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.1%) particularly limonene (54.1%), α-pinene (7.7%), and β-pinene (3.4%). The yield and the physico-chemical properties were determined. Results of the antifungal activity study by in vitro contact assay showed that P. pinea oil significantly inhibited the growth of ten plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, herbicidal properties of the oil, tested on Sinapis arvensis L., Lolium rigidum Gaud., and Raphanus raphanistrum L., indicated that the oil completely inhibited the seed germination at a high concentration, while at low doses the oil acted by decreasing and delaying the germination and inhibiting the seedling growth of all tested weeds unlike the commercial herbicide. Our results showed that P. pinea essential oil could be valorized as bioproduct for biocontrol of weeds and fungal plant diseases.     

山茶品种‘克瑞墨大牡丹''香气成分分析

采用GC／MS法从‘克瑞墨大牡丹’鲜花挥发油中鉴定出香气化合物37种，可分为醇类、烯醇氧化物类、醛类、酯类、烯类、酸类、烷烃类和菲类化合物等8类，其中醇类物质含量最高，占挥发油总量的54．84％。香气的主体特征成分为芳樟醇、顺-芳樟醇氧化物Ⅱ、水杨酸甲酯、二十四烷、芳樟醇旋光异构体、α-松油醇、壬醛等7种化合物，芳樟醇含量占挥发油总量的39．97％。     

槲树精气的研究

采用 ＸＡＤ－４ 树脂吸附槲树叶、木材及林分空气中的精气,并用 ＧＣ／Ｍ Ｓ／ＤＳ分析法对其化学成分作了检测．分析结果表明：叶片精气中,共检测出 １６ 种化学成分,其中萜烯类和芳香类物质占精气总量的 ７６．９９％ ;木材精气中,共检测出 ２４ 种化学成分,其中萜烯类和芳香类物质占精气总量的 ８４． ３０％ ;林中空气精气中,共检测出 １３ 种化学成分,其中萜烯类和芳香类物质占精气总量的５０．３４％ ．因此,槲树可作为东北、华北地区森林公园及度假区等处的主要保健树种．     

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boswellia ovalifoliolata</Emphasis> essential oils from leaf and bark

We isolated the essential oils from Boswellia ovalifoliolata N.P.Balakr and A.N.Henry using hydrodistillation, identified the obtained compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and studied the photophysical and electrochemical properties using UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. On the basis of GC–MS spectra, 38 compounds were identified in the essential oil from leaves and 26 in the oil from bark. The bark oil contained 13.44% β-Farnesene (sesquiterpene), 10.45% caryophyllene oxide (sesquiterpene) and 6.6% spathulenol, (2Z,6E)-(sesquiterpene alcohol); the leaf oil contained 11.1% spathulenol (sesquiterpene alcohol), 9.0% caryophyllene oxide (sesquiterpenoids) and 6.3% decyl acetate (ester). FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid, alcohols, esters and ethers in both oil types. UV–visible absorption spectra showed maximum absorbance at 245, 290 and 402 nm for bark oil, and 250, 285 and 325 nm for leaf. Bark oil showed strong emission with maximum emission wavelength at 456 nm was higher than that of leaf oil at 414 nm. The essential oil had significant anti-inflammatory activity, and the reduction potential of the leaf oil was ?0.44 and ?0.56 eV for bark.     

杉木阴沉木精油化学组成的研究

杉木阴沉木基部边材试样,经水蒸气蒸馏提取精油,精油的含量为３．５８％。精油经气－质联用仪鉴定,检出４２种化合物,其中大部分为萜类化合物。进一步采用气－红联用仪,确认为２４种化合物。     

杉木阴沉木的特性

杉木阴沉木的出油率高于现代杉木,其精油检出４２种化合物。与现代杉木的具缘纹孔类型一样,都属于南洋杉Ｂ型,其木块与精油的抗白蚁性,强于现代杉木。杉木阴沉木基部边材耐腐性属耐腐等级、中部边材属稍耐腐等级,对白腐菌耐腐性好,均属耐腐等级,其抗性强于现代杉木。     

Essential oil of Lindera neesiana fruit: Chemical analysis and its potential use in topical applications

The composition of the essential oil of Lindera neesiana Kurz fruit was examined by GC-MS, ¹H, ¹³C and bidimensional NMR techniques (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, TOCSY). Forty compounds were identified, representing approximately 86% of the oil: Z-citral (15.08%), E-citral (11.89%), eucalyptol (8.75%), citronellal (6.72%), α-pinene (6.63%) and β-pinene (5.61%) were the major components. The essential oil of L. neesiana fruit showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans at non-cytotoxic doses in human keratinocytes, suggesting possible topical applications.