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1.
Saeid R. Nourollahi Fard Masoud Asghari Fatemeh Nouri 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1633-1636
The parasite of genus Sarcocystis is one of the most commonly found parasite in domestic animals worldwide. Some species of Sarcocystis cause important economic loss when causing clinical and sub clinical disease. The aim of this study was to determine the
prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered Cattle in Kerman, Iran. The prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection was investigated in 480 cattle, slaughtered from May 2005 to February 2006 in the Kerman, Iran using naked
eye examination for macroscopic Sarcocysts, and peptic digestion, muscle squash, squeezing methods for microscopic types.
Muscles from heart, tongue, and esophagus, cervical and abdominal muscles of 480 slaughtered cattle were examined for Sarcocystis cysts. The prevalence of microscopic Sarcocystis cysts in cattle was detected in 100% and there was no macroscopic cyst in examined cattle. 相似文献
2.
Cattle are intermediate host for several species of Sarcocystis, including S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, and S. hominis with high prevalence worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis infection, species identification, and phylogenetic analysis of the parasite in cattle in Northwest Iran. The samples of diaphragm and esophagus from 290 cattle were collected from slaughterhouses in Northwest Iran and subjected to macroscopic, microscopic, and histopathology examinations, PCR-RFLP, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Tissue cysts of Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 92% of cattle by digestion and microscopic tests. Based on the PCR–RFLP and specific PCR, 87.9% and 1.03% of isolates were identified as S. cruzi, and S. hominis, respectively. Macrocyst was seen in a single sample that was identified as S. gigantea. The haplotype network exhibited the extension of the various haplotypes of S. cruzi between neighboring provinces in Northwest Iran. Heterogeneity analysis of S. cruzi 18S-rRNA sequences indicated genetic diversity among S. cruzi isolates (Haplotype diversity: 0.733-0.854) consisting 16 haplotypes; however, the nucleotide differences showed low diversity (0.01481 to 0.03351). Pair wise sequence distance matrix amongst S. cruzi sequences indicated an intra-species divergence of 0%-7.8% and identity of 92.6%-100%. Sarcocystis infection is highly prevalent in cattle in Northwest Iran, with the predominance of S. cruzi, and genetic variants of this species are unequivocally distributing in Northwest provinces. First global detection of S. gigantea in cattle reflects new insights of transmission dynamic and biology of this parasite in Iran. 相似文献
3.
El-Dakhly KM El-Nesr KA El-Nahass el-S Hirata A Sakai H Yanai T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1549-1554
This study was performed for the purpose of investigating the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in buffaloes in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. Both macroscopic (Sarcocystis fusiformis) and microscopic (Sarcocystis levinei) cysts were recognized, and were differentiated by their morphological features and location in the tissues. Of 379 buffaloes
examined in abattoirs in Beni-Suef, 299 were found to be infected, with an overall prevalence of 78.9%. Depending on age,
three categorized groups of naturally infected buffaloes were examined: male buffalo calves aged 1.5–2 years, adult females
aged 2–5 years, and females older than 5 years. Among these groups, infection rates were 74.5%, 82.3%, and 81.2%, respectively.
Organs examined included esophagus, tongue, and heart. Macroscopic cysts were examined by the naked eye through meat inspection
in abattoirs, while the pepsin-digestion method and the histological technique were applied to detect microscopic cysts. It
has been found that esophagus showed the highest rate of infection among the infected organs, with both macroscopic and microscopic
cysts seen in the infected buffaloes. Moreover, results of the pepsin-digestion method proved more accurate than those produced
by the histological technique in terms of infection rates for the microscopic cysts. Our findings indicated that infected
buffaloes aged 2–5 years showed the highest mixed infection rate (82.3%) for both types of cysts. The high prevalence of microscopic
Sarcocystis spp. in Beni-Suef Governorate reflects a significant role played by stray dogs, rather than cats, in the transmission of
these parasites. 相似文献
4.
Farhan Anwar Khan Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry Muhammad Ijaz Ali Shahid Khan Naima Mumtaz Ijaz Ahmad 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):633-638
Tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of Lahore and were analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. Most
of the animals were emaciated. Diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. Intestinal pathology was observed
in 29% of buffaloes and 32.8% of cattle. Number of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) showing gross lesions was a bit higher (35.6%)
in cattle than buffalo (31.2%). Acid-fast staining of tissue scraping smears revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
in 17.4% intestinal and 16.4% MLN tissue samples in buffalo, while in cattle 19.2% intestinal and 17.8% MLN were found positive
for AFB. In buffaloes, PCR confirmed 12.8% intestinal and 12.4% MLN positive samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, in cattle, PCR analysis demonstrated 14.2% positive results for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in both MLN and intestinal tissue samples. PCR also confirmed M. bovis in 5.8% of cattle and 5% of buffalo MLN and intestinal tissues. PCR positive tissue samples for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were from those animals which were emaciated, having diarrhea, and severe gross lesions. AFB were also detected in tissue
scraping smears of these animals. It is concluded that infection by various mycobacterium species can be differentiated by
PCR, which is not possible by acid-fast staining technique. 相似文献
5.
6.
Species of the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular tick borne pathogens. Three species
of Anaplasma that infect cattle and sheep (A. marginale, A. centrale and A. ovis) are well recognized. Of these erythrocytic Anaplasma, A. marginale can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. Species-specific PCR based on 16S rRNA gene is commonly
used for detection of Anaplasma species but can not differentiate A. marginale, A. centrale and A. ovis because of sequence similarity. In this study DNA extraction was performed on 50 blood samples with presence of Anaplasma spp. in marginal point of erythrocytes in their blood smears. The extracted DNA from blood cells was analyzed by PCR and PCR-RFLP
using primers derived from 16S rRNA gene and restriction endonuclease Bst1107 I. The restriction endonuclease Bst1107I only
recognizes the sequence (GTATAC) in corresponding PCR product of A. marginale and cut it. The nucleotide sequence of the A. marginale 16S rRNA gene was determined and compared with the sequences of A. marginale in GenBank. The 16S rRNA of A. marginale in Iran was completely similar to the related sequence deposited in GenBank at accession number of M60313. In the present
study we propose a new PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) method based on 16S rRNA gene for specific
detection of A. marginale. 相似文献
7.
Hossein Hamidinejat Masoud Ghorbanpour Leily Nabavi Mohammad Rahim Haji Hajikolaie Mohammad Hossein Razi Jalali 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):899-903
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a significant disease in livestock and humans. In Iran, studies shows that T. gondii infection in humans is relatively high and prevalence is associated mainly with consumption of undercooked meat or meat products.
We have examined 450 serum samples from female cattle distributed over all Ahvaz, the center of Khouzestan province, south-west
of Iran. IgG antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test using whole tachyzoites of T. gondii, and found in 71 (15.77%) of 450 cattle with titers of 1:25 in 38, 1:50 in 18, 1:100 in 11, 1:200 in three and 1:400 in one.
Titers of antibodies were decreased in cattle over 2 years old. These results indicate that T. gondii infection in cattle of Khouzestan is relatively considerable, but not very high and consumption of beef may be a source of
infection for humans in south-west of Iran. 相似文献
8.
Camacho AT Guitian FJ Pallas E Gestal JJ Olmeda AS Habela MA Telford SR Spielman A 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(4):293-302
The control of equine piroplasmosis is becoming increasingly important to maintain the international market open to the horse industry. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of equine piroplasmosis (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) in Galicia, north-west Spain, and to compare haematological and serum biochemistry parameters between non-parasitaemic horses and horses parasitaemic with T. equi and B. caballi. Sixty serum samples (control group) were taken from healthy horses pastured on two farms, and examined for evidence of equine T. equi and B. caballi infection by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Of the 60 samples, 24 (40%) and 17 (28.3%) samples were positive for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. Twelve (20%) samples were positive for both parasites. Haematology and serum biochemistry were compared between controls and a series of 36 horses clinically affected by T. equi (25) or B. caballi (11). Compared with the healthy group, there was a 43% and 37% decrease in the haematocrit for T. equi and B. caballi infection, respectively. Parasitaemic horses presented an intense anaemia and serum biochemistry signs of liver damage. The anaemia was more severe in T. equi-infected than in B. caballi-infected horses. Our results suggest that equine piroplasmosis is widespread in the region and is a cause for concern. 相似文献
9.
Increased frequency of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella isolated from humans over the last quarter century in the United States has led to concern about the contribution animal
production systems have played in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella. In order to better understand the potential role of dairy cattle as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistant Salmonella, it is important to understand methods currently used to measure the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella from human and animal populations. This review describes the biology of Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance, methods used to monitor antimicrobial resistance, and studies that have measured the prevalence
of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella among human and dairy cattle populations in the U.S. Although the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella from healthy dairy cattle is low, similar trends in the prevalence of resistance among Salmonella from clinically ill human and dairy cattle populations were observed in the literature. 相似文献
10.
Liu Q Cai J Zhao Q Shang L Ma R Wang X Li J Hu G Jin H Gao H 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):741-743
The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) was surveyed in Qinghai Province, northwestern China in May and June 2010. A total of 650 serum samples were collected from
six counties and assayed for T. gondii antibodies by an indirect hemagglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 35.08% (228/650) with the highest rate of 55.34% in Chengduo County. The results of the present survey indicated
that infection with T. gondii in cattle is widely spread in China, including yaks in Qinghai Province. 相似文献
11.
Adesiyun AA Fosgate GT Seebaransingh R Brown G Stoute S Stewart-Johnson A 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):13-16
Brucellosis has been documented in domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) but published literature is limited despite the importance of this species in tropical agricultural systems. The objective
of this study was to compare the virulence of Brucella abortus isolates recovered from cattle and water buffalo. Nineteen strains of B. abortus from cattle and domestic water buffalo in Trinidad were intraperitoneally inoculated into BALB/c mice. Spleens were cultured
for B. abortus and histopathological severity scores were calculated based on lymphoid depletion, lymphoid necrosis, splenitis, and macrophage
accumulation. A general linear model approach was used to estimate the effect of isolate source (cattle versus water buffalo)
on virulence. Isolates of water buffalo origin were significantly less virulent in the mouse model based on recovered B. abortus from splenic tissues, spleen/weight ratio, and lymphoid necrosis but not overall histopathological severity scores. Further
investigation of isolates recovered from water buffalo might provide the key to the development of procedures for brucellosis
control in tropical environments. 相似文献
12.
Denis M Lacy-Hulbert SJ Buddle BM Williamson JH Wedlock DN 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(3):145-156
The presence, phenotype and function of Streptococcus uberis-specific T cells in the mammary gland secretion (MGS) and blood of cows exposed to S. uberis were assessed. MGS T cells in the udder were purified and incubated with autologous blood monocytes as antigen-presenting
cells (APC). Most cows, irrespective of prior S. uberis infection status and lactation status, were shown to have S. uberis-specific T cells both in MGS and in the blood. When cells from a subgroup of cows were studied, it was found that the S. uberis-specific T cells produced high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), but low levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10). A high percentage
of responding T cells were of the CD8
+
memory (CD45RO) subset. T cells from the MGS specific for S. uberis were propagated from animals during the drying off period and expanded in vitro using interleukin-2 (IL-2) and S. uberis antigens. This led to the accumulation of T cells of the CD8
+
subset bearing memory cell markers (CD45A
−
, CD45RO
+
), which released high levels of IFN-γ. Four of the five T cell lines derived from the MGS of three animals had substantial
direct killing activity towards S. uberis in vitro. It is concluded that there is an emergence of S. uberis-specific bactericidal T cells in the MGS of cows after infection or environmental exposure to S. uberis. Vaccines aimed at activating and expanding this T cell population in the mammary glands of cattle may offer an avenue for
the prevention of mastitis caused by S. uberis. 相似文献
13.
Dilmaghani M Ahmadi M Zahraei Salehi T Talebi A 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(3):133-143
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium causes food-borne outbreaks and systemic diseases in humans and animals. groEL gene (also known as mopA gene in S. Typhimurium), possessing conserved sequence, plays an important role in invasion of bacteria. The purpose of present study
was to identify the polymorphism of groEL gene among different avians in different regions by PCR-RFLP method. Fifty two S. Typhimurium isolates (Broiler (n = 13), Layer (n = 12), Duck (n = 5), Goose (n = 5), Sparrow (n = 8), Canary (n = 3), Pigeon (n = 5) and Casco parrot (n = 1). were identified using serotyping as well as multiplex-PCR. Then, amplification of groEL gene performed and amplified products subjected to restriction digestion with BsuRI enzyme. Three RFLP profiles, A, B and
C, generated DNA fragments between approximately 100–1,000 bp in size, were observed. The RFLP profile A was observed in 35
(67.3%), profile B in 14 (26.9%) and profile C in 3 (5.77%) of isolates. S. Typhimurium isolates recovered from 13 broilers (two of which profile A, 9 profile B and 2 profile C) and from 8 sparrows
(two of which profile A, 5 profile B and 1 profile C) showed all three profiles, but 12 layers and other avians (including
Canary (n = 3), Goose (n = 5), Duck (n = 5), Pigeon (n = 5) and Casco parrot (n = 1)) showed profile A. None of these profiles was allotted for a special region. The result of present study showed that
S. Typhimurium undergoes genetic mutations in groEL gene under unpleasant milieu in different regions and in different avians. Thus, genetic diversity, despite conserved nature
of groEL gene in S. Typhimurium, may exist but it depends on the condition where bacteria have settled. To our knowledge, three RFLP profiles
of groEL gene generated by BsuRI restriction enzyme were not reported previously. 相似文献
14.
Ferreira SR de Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Frassy LN Ferreira AS 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(8):553-558
Ascaris suum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of swines. The aim of this study was to observe Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on biological control of A. suum eggs after fungus passage through swines gastrointestinal tract. Eighteen pigs, previously dewormed, were randomly divided
into three groups: group 1, treated with the fungus isolate VC4; group 2, treated with the fungus isolate VC1 and group 3
did not receive fungus (control). In the treated groups, each animal received a 9 g single dose of mycelium mass containing
P. chlamydosporia (VC1 or VC4). Thereafter, animal fecal samples were collected at the following intervals: 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h
after treatment beginning and these were poured in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar culture medium. Then, 1,000 A. suum eggs were poured into each dish and kept in an incubator at 26°C and in the dark for 30 days. After this period, approximately
100 eggs were removed from each Petri dish and morphologically analyzed under light microscopy following the ovicidal activity
parameters. The higher percentage observed for isolated VC4 eggs destruction was 57.5% (36 h) after fungus administration
and for isolate VC1 this percentage was 45.8% (24 h and 72 h) (p > 0.01). P. chlamydosporia remained viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of swines, maintaining its ability of destroying A. suum eggs. 相似文献
15.
Ferreira SR Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Carvalho RO Silva AR Frassy LN Freitas LG 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):639-642
The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4)
and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the
plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological
damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect
with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates
effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect)
among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The
results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes. 相似文献
16.
Sadigh-Eteghad S Dehnad A Shanebandi D Khalili I Razmarayii N Namvaran A 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(8):477-486
The resistance of 220 coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) (associated with animal disease) to 13 antibiotics were determined
using the disk diffusion method. 35.9% of multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MR-CNS) exhibited resistance
to five or more than five antibiotics; all of these bacteria were resistant to methicillin too. The new Streptomyces sp. ABRIINW111 was isolated from the Zagros Mountains Hamadan, Iran. The 16S rDNA sequence of the isolate indicated that
it has 98% similarity to S. levis, but some mutations in the alpha and gamma regions of the 16S rDNA sequence emphasize the probability of the existence of
a new species. Preliminary and secondary antibacterial screenings revealed that the isolate is active against gram negative
and positive bacteria. The diethyl ether extracted metabolite of the Streptomyces sp. ABRIINW111 showed an effective antibacterial activity against MR-CNS. So the diethyl ether extract of the new Streptomyces sp. strain ABRIINW111 can inhibit the MR-CNS in vitro, and it can offer a new approach to treat MR-CNS infectious patients. 相似文献
17.
Dahshan H Abd-El-Kader MA Chuma T Moriki H Okamoto K 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(1):55-60
During 2009, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Stanley isolates were recovered from cattle diagnostic specimens in southern Japan, and the isolates were examined
to characterize the genetic determinants involved in this new pathogenicity that associated with mortality in cattle. All
the isolates were multi-drug resistance exhibited resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole,
oxytetracycline, and kanamycin (ACSSuT-Km) encoded by bla
TEM, catA, aadA1, sul1, tet(A), and aphA1 genes, respectively. Class 1 integrons of 1.5-kb size were detected in all MDR isolates. The isolates harboured easily transferable
plasmids of ca. 210-kb with the potential of transmitting resistance phenotype and genotype detected in the donor isolates.
XbaI-digested PFGE patterns generated two related clusters implicated in the dissemination of multi-drug resistance amongst Salmonella Stanley isolates. An emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Stanley amongst food-producing animals, including cattle is a threat to human health, as resistant isolates may be transmitted
to humans through the food chain. 相似文献
18.
Sharpsnout bream (Diplodus puntazzo) has been used in Adriatic aquaculture for less than a decade, but the decreasing trend of rearing this species will probably
result in its complete substitution by more exploited sea bream (Sparus aurata). Only two facilities still rear both fish species in neighbouring cages in monoculture. A switch of parasites was observed
between sparids during monitoring of the gill monogeneans of farmed fish. In wild fish of the Adriatic Sea, Lamellodiscus elegans (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) has previously been reported in annular (Diplodus annularis), and two-banded sea bream (D. vulgaris) and sharpsnout bream (D. puntazzo), and the present study confirmed its presence also in sea bream, in low prevalence and abundance. The exclusively sea bream
monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) was also isolated from sharpsnout bream, showing prevalence and abundance values even higher
than in its resident host. In the occurrence of L. elegans in sea bream, the opportunistic switch resulted in lower abundance and prevalence than in the original host, while in the
second case of switching the monogenean S. chrysophrii showed better reproductive capacity on a new host (sharpsnout bream). Both cases point to the possible enlargement of parasite
host range. 相似文献
19.
An investigation was conducted in Morogoro municipality to assess the likelihood of slaughter cattle posing public health
risk of contaminating carcasses with thermophilic Campylobacter. Butchers and meat shopkeepers were interviewed on source of slaughter cattle, method of animal and carcass transportation,
carcass dressing, meat storage facilities, access to clean water and availability of food hygiene practices. Faecal samples
were collected from 107 slaughter cattle and after slaughter; four different parts of dressed carcasses (i.e. from ham, neck,
pelvis and thigh muscles) were also sampled. In addition 107 cattle meat samples for Campylobacter culture were collected in different meat shops. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological examination using
Skirrows protocol. It was found that cattle slaughter, dressing and meat handling in meatshops was done under unhygienic condition.
Thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence in slaughter cattle was 5.6% while contamination rate of dressed carcasses and cattle meat at shops was 9.3% and
1.9%, respectively. The majority of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated were C. jejuni (88.9%) while C. coli was isolated at 11.1%. Findings of this study suggest possibility of humans acquiring zoonotic Campylobacter infections from cattle meat particularly when meat preparation and processing is not done properly. More work is required
to establish the magnitude of zoonotic enteric Campylobacteriosis in humans and epidemiological role of cattle and other animals in the study area. 相似文献
20.
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a gram negative bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in poultry. Tracheal, lung and serum samples were
obtained from 21 broiler flocks of 8 farms from a slaughterhouse located in south-eastern of Iran. Among 630 tracheal and
lung samples from samples resulting from 315 chickens, 11 (3.5%) ORT isolates were identified using biochemical tests. The
isolates originated from 9 (42.9%) flocks out of 4 farms. All of the isolates were recovered from tracheal swabs and showed
an API 20NE identification biocode 0-2-2-0-0-0-4. Of the 420 serum samples examined by ELISA, 134 (31.9%) sera from 17 (81.0%)
flocks were positive for ORT antibodies. These results indicate that ORT is present in most broiler flocks with respiratory
disorders in southeast Iran. 相似文献