世界自然遗产地游客环境关心、环境情感与亲环境行为研究

人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的本质要求,积极发展具有公益性特征的世界自然遗产地生态游憩活动以发挥游客亲环境行为的价值认知与情感教育功能,是新时代有效解决遗产地生态价值实现困境以促进其人与自然和谐共生的最佳途径。在“价值-情感-行为”理论模型下,以荔波世界自然遗产地为案例地,采用结构方程模型实证分析在遗产地生态游憩情境下的游客环境关心、环境情感与亲环境行为之间的关系效应。研究表明：1)生态圈环境关心和利他环境关心显著正向影响遗产地游客亲环境行为,而利己环境关心对遗产地游客亲环境行为无显著影响。2)仅利己环境关心对遗产地游客环境愧疚感无显著影响外,环境关心对遗产地游客环境情感均具有显著正向影响,且环境情感显著正向影响遗产地游客亲环境行为。3)仅环境愧疚感在遗产地游客利己环境关心与亲环境行为之间无显著中介作用外,环境自豪感和环境愧疚感在遗产地游客环境关心与亲环境行为之间均产生显著中介作用。基于此,明晰不同价值导向的遗产地游客亲环境行为影响路径,为新时代高质量发展遗产地人与自然和谐共生实践提供指导。     

陕西省公众环境关心现状及其影响因子研究

基于2013-2014年在陕西省调查的环境关心数据,通过R语言和SPSS21分别利用K-Means聚类分析和均值分析(包括独立样本t检验和单因子方差分析)研究了公众的环境关心现状及其影响因子。数据分析表明:(1)按环境关心态度,公众可以分为环境中心主义者和持中立态度的协调论者,环境中心主义者约占65%,协调论者约站35%,陕西省大体上以关心环境的人群居多;(2)陕北高原区、关中平原区和陕南山地区的环境关心程度不存在统计上的显著差异(p>0.05);(3)男性与女性之间在环境关心态度上不存在统计上的显著差异(p>0.05);(4)年龄、受教育水平、职业和经济收入分别对环境关心产生统计上的显著影响(p<0.05),其中职业和经济收入可能通过受教育水平对环境关心产生影响。     

中国环境立法管制的生产率增长效应研究

文中以我国两位数工业行业为研究对象,将《大气污染防治法》这一书面环境立法管制引入工业行业全要素生产率增长的研究中,运用倍差法原理实证检验了《大气污染防治法》的修订与实施对提高中国工业全要素生产率的作用,并检验了环境立法管制的边际效应.结果表明,我国的环境立法管制显著提高了工业行业的全要素生产率,环境立法管制的边际效应随时间推移呈逐步增强态势.政府制定严格的环境立法,实行严格且适宜的环境管制能够取得生产率增长和保护环境的“双赢”结果.中国书面环境立法的重要性勿容置疑,认为中国书面环境立法不重要或者执行效率低的观点缺乏事实依据,据此提出了相应的对策建议.     

农民土地价值观研究——概念界定、量表开发与效度检验

随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,农民土地价值观也发生了相应的转变.近年来,学术界对于农民价值观的研究逐渐增多,但很少有学者对其进行系统研究,为了深入了解农民对土地的认识和评价,文中首先界定农民土地价值观内涵并划分维度,然后设计农民土地价值观量表,最后运用甘肃武威718份调查数据对量表进行检验.农民土地价值观指农民对土地自身的意义、重要性的认知和评价,以及对各种土地利用行为的认知和评价,由土地保障观、土地为本观,土地亲和观、土地致富观和土地包袱观五个维度构成.实证分析结果表明:文中所开发的量表整体信度系数和各维度信度系数均大于0.7,信度水平较好,并通过了收敛效度和判别效度检验.此量表为定量研究农民土地价值观以及农民土地价值观与土地利用之间的关系提供了理论基础.     

雾霾约束下中国省际区间环境技术效率研究——基于SBM-Undesirable区间模型的面板数据分析

文中首次将雾霾纳入环境技术效率研究框架,构建了考虑非期望产出的SBM区间模型,测算了2001-2012年雾霾约束下中国省际区间环境技术效率。结果表明:1)中国整体区间环境技术效率不高且在逐渐下降。区间DEA部分有效、有效、无效省份数依次减少。2)东、中、西部地区区间环境技术效率差异显著,具有明显的不平衡发展态势。3)横截面各省市区间环境技术效率差异明显,具有较大提升空间;纵向时序各省市区间环境技术效率有效年份较少,且有效性省份数呈减少态势。所得评价结果能够反映出中国省际区间环境技术效率真实水平,并可为中国雾霾治理提供决策参考。     

非市场环境感知对土地流转意愿的影响研究——以张掖市甘州区为例

文中借鉴企业管理研究的非市场理念,根据团队2016年于张掖市的调查数据,以因子分析得出农民非市场环境感知量表,进一步以结构方程模型研究了非市场环境感知与土地流转意愿的关系。通过信效度分析,表明量表内容有效可靠,通过主成分分析优化了量表的内容与结构,并将非市场环境感知具体划分为行政干预感知、地方文化关联感知和外部参与感知,进而分析了三个维度各自是如何影响土地流转意愿以及三个维度之间的关系。研究结论为解释和解决当前农地流转困境提供了新思路。     

抱子芥(儿菜)生产技术规程

<正>1.范围本标准规定了抱子芥(儿菜)的产地环境条件、生产管理、病虫害防治和采收。本标准适用于重庆及类似生态地区抱子芥(儿菜)生产。2.规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准。然而,鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可采用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注     

中国城市环境绩效及其影响因素分析:基于超效率DEA模型和面板回归分析

随着我国城市化进程加快,城市发展与环境保护之间的矛盾日益突出,城市环境效率逐渐成为了社会广泛关注的焦点.文中应用基于投入导向的超效率DEA模型,分别对2007和2011年我国31个省会城市和计划单列城市的环境绩效进行了评价,并利用面板数据模型分析了环境绩效变动的影响因素.结果表明:我国仅有少数城市的环境绩效达到了DEA有效,大部分城市的经济-环境协调状况欠佳,环境绩效具有一定的提升空间.从2007到2011年,大部分城市的环境绩效有所改善,且部分城市的改善幅度较大,但仍有少数城市的环境绩效有所降低,包括上海、拉萨、南昌、合肥和石家庄.城市财政能力对城市环境绩效的影响不显著,产业结构、人口规模和经济增长变动对环境绩效的提高具有抑制作用,而城市对外开放程度则具有促进作用.     

几种超高效除草剂对移栽稻田杂草防除的比较试验

二苯醚类的果尔、桉树脑类的艾割及磺酰脲类的农得时、草克星均是高活性水田除草剂,且除果尔外,均是八十年代后开发的新品种,对上述四种药剂,国内已先后有不少人作了详细的研究.但尚未见有将四者同时作比较,为了明确上述各药在广西或南亚热带稻区的经济有效剂量、安全性及其特性,我们特将其对移栽稻田杂草的控制效应作了一次比较试验,现将结果整理如下.     

黄土高原土壤水分环境评价初步研究

结合植被调查,建立土壤水分研究移动实验室,分析了黄土高原土壤水分环境研究中一些指标的通用性不足问题,以最大吸湿量作为土壤有效水下限,创造性地提出"土壤有效湿度"概念并进行了模型检验,依据该指标建立土壤水分环境评价分级标准并对榆林附近土壤水分环境进行了评价。结果表明:榆林附近土壤水分环境存在类似于延安附近的空间突变现象。实际应用表明,土壤有效湿度指标及其分级标准可以作为黄土高原土壤水分环境评价的初步方案并有望在其它地区推广;结论认为,黄土高原土壤水分环境的空间突变现象具有重要自然地理意义,有深入研究必要。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.