禽痢净口服液的临床效果观察

根据兽医学理论，选用三题针或十大功劳、草珊瑚、穿心莲、博落回、苦参等纯中草药为原料精制而成的禽痢净口服液，是一种新型的混悬液剂型。试验表明：其对常见的禽霍乱、鸡白痢、伤寒下痢等禽病有较好的治疗和预防效果，对追踪调查的2493只本地杂交鸡、鸭治愈率分别为93．9％、93．3％和94．7％。     

鸡非黄型禽霍乱的诊治

禽霍乱 (ｃｈｏｌｅｒａａｖｉａｎ)又称禽巴氏杆菌病 ,病原为多杀性巴氏杆菌。除日本消灭禽霍乱外 ,很多国家均有发生。我国在 1 980年前后曾广泛流行 ,造成很大经济损失 ,目前虽然疫情有所控制 ,但在一些地区仍有发生。 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,某县养殖区鸡群发生一种高死亡率的疾病 ,经病原分离、鉴定 ,确诊为禽多杀性巴氏杆菌感染 ,在应用敏感药物治疗和根据当地分离菌株制备的灭活佐剂苗后 ,疫情得到有效控制。现报告如下。1　发病情况该地区为养殖黄羽鸡的专业县 ,饲养有本地黄鸡、石岐杂等品种的杂交黄鸡 ,年出栏量为 5千万只。鸡群发病时从…     

Molecular epidemiology of two fowl cholera outbreaks on a free-range chicken layer farm.

Two outbreaks of fowl cholera on a multiage free-range egg farm were investigated. The outbreaks occurred in 1994 and 2002. A total of 22 strains of Pasteurella multocida were available for study, 11 from the 1994 outbreak and 11 from the 2002 outbreak. Lesions typical of acute fowl cholera were seen in the 1994 outbreak, whereas both acute and chronic fowl cholera occurred in the 2002 outbreak. The isolates were examined in an extended phenotypic typing methodology, by a P. multocida-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by the Heddleston somatic serotyping scheme, and by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) typing using the enzyme HpaII. All 22 strains had the same phenotypic properties, all were confirmed as P. multocida by PCR, all were Heddleston serovar 4, and all had the same REA pattern. The results indicate that these 2 outbreaks were caused by the same clone of P. multocida--despite the 8-year time period between the outbreaks.     

不同CpG-DNA序列对鸡ND HI影响的研究

将16种人工合成的CpG-DNA与新城疫Ⅳ弱毒苗(La Sota株)合用,免疫14日龄雏鸡,于免疫前及免疫后7、14、21天测鸡HI抗体效价,筛选出4种CpG-DNA短序并进行SPF鸡重复试验,结果表明:筛选的4种CpG短序(1.AACGTr AACGTr;2.AACGTC AACGTC;3.AGCGTC AGCGTC;4.AGCGCT AGCGCT)可显著提高鸡体的体液免疫水平.     

Studies on the binding and hemagglutinating properties of cholera toxin to human erythrocytes

The binding and hemagglutinating properties of cholera toxin (CT) were studied by competitive binding assays and hemagglutination inhibition. The binding of 125I-labeled CT to neuraminidase-treated human type B erythrocytes was most effectively inhibited by ganglioside GM1 among different inhibitors used. Other mono-, di-, and polysaccharides and glycoproteins were at least 10(5) times less potent inhibitors. On the other hand, hemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated human type B erythrocytes by CT was inhibited by lactose, galactose, hog A + H, bovine salivary mucin, porcine thyroglobulin, and fetuin, whereas that was not effectively inhibited by ganglioside GM1 at the highest concentration. These findings suggest that the predominant binding substance for CT on human type B erythrocytes is ganglioside GM1 and that hemagglutination requires some additional process since the interaction of CT with ganglioside GM1 is somehow different in hemagglutination.     

不同佐剂对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫调节作用的影响

试验以300只AA雏鸡为试验动物,将其随机分为4组,A、B、C组分别接种相同剂量的甲壳素、蜂胶、铝胶佐剂苗,D组为对照组。结果表明,三种佐剂的疫苗在对肉鸡组免疫的第3、4、5、6、7、9、11、13、15、20、25天后,甲壳素疫苗组H I抗体效价显著高于其它组,蜂胶疫苗组H I抗体效价其次,铝胶疫苗组抗体H I效价最低;用三种不同佐剂的疫苗对肉鸡免疫后第26天称其重量,甲壳素佐剂疫苗组免疫后的肉鸡增重效果最好,蜂胶疫苗组居中,铝胶疫苗组最差。     

阿莫西林可溶性粉治疗人工诱发鸡霍乱的疗效试验

禽霍乱是当前严重影响我国养禽业发展的几种常见病和多发病之一,每年给我国的养禽业造成的损失巨大.禽霍乱又名禽多杀性巴氏杆菌病,俗称“禽出败”,是由禽多杀性巴氏杆菌引起各种禽类的一种急性败血性高度接触性传染病.鸡类（鸡、火鸡）和水禽类（鸭、鹅）均可发生此病,该病一年四季均可发病,但春、秋两季多发,发病率和死亡率均较高,常呈大规模流行.     

The effect of cholera toxin and heat labile and heat stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin on cyclic AMP concentrations in small intestinal mucosa of pig and rabbit.

The effect of cholera toxin, heat labile and heat stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin on mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations was determined on the proximal jejunum of weanling pigs and young rabbits. Ligated loops were injected with solutions containing no enterotoxin for control and either cholera toxin, heat labile or heat stable E. coli enterotoxin. The loops were drained after either two, four or six hours incubation at which time accumulated fluid was recorded and mucosal samples removed for determination of cyclic AMP concentration. In the rabbit, cholera toxin and heat labile, but not heat stable E. coli enterotoxin stimulated intestinal secretion while in the pig all three enterotoxins induced net fluid accumulation. Cholera toxin and heat labile, but not heat stable E. coli enterotoxin elevated rabbit mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. In the pig these enterotoxins had no significant effect on mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. The results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the adenyl cyclase system is an essential step for enterotoxin induced intestinal secretion. The activation of intestinal adenyl cyclase by bacterial enterotoxins may only be an associated and not a necessary event for the stimulation of intestinal secretion.     

Induction of systemic immune responses in sheep by topical application of cholera toxin to skin

Cholera (and related) toxins (CT) when applied topically on unbroken skin induce systemic immune responses in mice, a procedure called transcutaneous immunization (TCI). The current study examined the capacity for TCI to induce systemic immune responses in sheep. Three groups (n=5 per group) were immunized at day 0 (priming) and day 28 (boosting) with 250 microg of CT in water by TCI, with 25 microg of CT in alum by intramuscular injection, or not immunized. Serum samples were taken at days 0, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after immunization for measurement of CT-specific IgG as well as CT-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM antibodies by ELISA. After immunization, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody in immunized groups were significantly higher than in the control group, and boosting further increased these titres. IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 in the injection group were significantly higher than in the TCI group. There was a preponderance of IgG1 antibody, relative to IgG2, in both immunized groups. CT-specific IgA and IgM were detected in both immunized groups. Lymphocyte proliferation to CT was measured at day 90. A CT-specific lymphocyte proliferative response (stimulation index>2) was detected in all sheep from the injection group, in two sheep from the TCI group and in none of the controls. Results demonstrated that TCI induces primary and secondary antibody responses and specific proliferative responses to CT in sheep.     

The effect of acetone on the viability of chicken anemia agent.

To study the effect of acetone on the viability of CAA, a sample of CAA with a known titer was treated with 90% acetone for 24 hours at room temperature. The remaining viable CAA was quantitated by titrating the treated preparation in MDCC-MSB1 cell culture. Results indicated that CAA is very resistant to inactivation by acetone.     

北京油鸡杂交效果的研究

为培育优质北京油鸡配套系提供理论依据,试验采用北京油鸡纯系(Y系)与北京油鸡合成品系(G系)进行正反杂交,观测亲本及其杂交组合的体尺、外貌性状、生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质性状,并比较各性状的杂种优势。结果表明:Y系与G系的正反交组合不仅在生长性能、屠宰性能及相应的肉质性能上具有显著的杂种优势,而且杂交后代能够很好地保持北京油鸡的外貌特征;在正反交组合中,以Y系为父系、G系为母系的正交组合(YG)表现的更为优秀。说明北京油鸡在优质鸡育种和杂交利用上更适合做父系,以充分利用其优良的遗传品质。     

Enterotoxin activity of a Salmonella typhimurium of equine origin in vivo in rabbits and the effect of Salmonella culture lysates and cholera toxin on equine colonic mucosa in vitro

To determine whether a strain of Salmonella typhimurium (UCD 1755) of equine origin had enterotoxin activity, 2 ml of a cell-free culture lysate of strain UCD 1755 and approximately 10(9) viable strain UCD 1755 organisms were inoculated into ligated small intestinal segments of rabbits. Intestinal segments inoculated with viable strain UCD 1755 organisms and those inoculated with a cell-free culture lysate of strain UCD 1755 had significant (P less than 0.05) accumulations of fluid 10 hours after inoculation when compared with ligated intestinal segments either inoculated with sterile brain-heart infusion broth or left empty. There was not a statistically significant difference between fluid accumulation of intestinal segments inoculated with viable strain UCD 1755 and that of segments inoculated with a cell-free culture lysate of strain UCD 1755. The responses of equine colonic mucosa to culture filtrates of 2 strains of salmonella typhimurium (UCD 1755 and SL 1027) and purified cholera toxin were studied in vitro. Isolated smaples of colonic mucosa were incubated for 4 hours at 37 C in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHB) alone, KHB plus culture lysate of strain UCD 1755, KHB plus culture lysate of strain SL 1027, and KHB plus 1 microgram of cholera toxin/ml. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content of each sample was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The pathological effect of the Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin in mice

The effect of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) expression of Bordetella bronchiseptica was studied in mice by comparing the pathology induced by a wild type strain with that induced by an isogenic DNT- strain in which part of the structural gene has been replaced by an antibiotic resistance cassette. While extracts of strain B58 proved toxic in intravenously inoculated mice, similar extracts from strain B58GP had lost toxic activity. The parent (B58) and the mutant (B58GP) strains of B. bronchiseptica each possessed comparable virulence for mice. These findings confirmed that DNT production was successfully abolished in strain B58GP while other virulence characteristics required for pathogenicity in mice remained intact, at a comparable level to the parent strain. Turbinate atrophy was observed in mice infected with the DNT+ strain, but not in those infected with the DNT- strain. This indicates that DNT is the cause of turbinate atrophy in the mice and not other factors produced by phase I strains of B. bronchiseptica. B. bronchiseptica DNT showed a lienotoxic effect (lymphocyte depletion and a reduction in the intensity of extramedullar haemocytopoieis) that is considered to adversely alter the immune function of the host animal. In mice infected with strain B58GP, catarrhal pneumonia with characteristic lympho-histiocytic peribronchial and perivascular infiltration was noticed. In mice infected with strain B58, large necrotic areas were seen surrounded by an inflammatory reaction. The DNT appears to directly damage lung tissues, at least in mice. DNT production seems to enhance the establishment of B. bronchiseptica in the lungs, presumably by reducing the local resistance and causing severe local damage to the lung tissues.     

鹰嘴豆芽素A免疫佐剂作用试验

为了探讨鹰嘴豆芽素A(BioA)的免疫佐剂效果,分别将BioA以及氢氧化铝胶(Alum)作为佐剂和鸡卵清白蛋白(OVA)抗原联合免疫ICR小鼠,二次免疫后2周采血和取脾脏,观察免疫前后血清OVA诱导特异性抗体及亚类含量变化、细胞因子水平,淋巴细胞在抗原刺激下的体外细胞增殖反应以及外周血CD4~+和CD8~+ T细胞表达。结果显示,BioA和抗原混合物免疫小鼠后,未见不良反应;100μg BioA组小鼠血清抗体IgG、IgG1和IgG2a水平显著高于OVA组(P0.05或P0.01);100μg BioA免疫小鼠受刀豆蛋白A(ConA)、脂多糖(LPS)和OVA刺激产生的淋巴细胞体外增殖能力显著高于OVA组(P0.05或P0.01);100μg BioA组小鼠血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ和TNF-α浓度显著高于OVA组(P0.05);BioA显著提高CD4~+T细胞数量和提高CD4~+/CD8~+值(P0.01)。表明BioA是一种能同时激活Th1和Th2型免疫反应的免疫佐剂。     

强力泰乐菌素对人工诱发的鸡支原体-大肠杆菌感染的疗效试验

兽医临床上 ,鸡支原体 (Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ ,ＭＧ)感染常并发大肠杆菌 (Ｅ ｃｏｌｉ)等其他病原体 ,形成混合型慢性呼吸道病 (ＣｈｒｏｎｉｃＲｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙＤｉｓｅａｓｅ ,ＣＲＤ)。泰乐菌素 (Ｔｙ ｌｏｓｉｎ)是一种防治支原体感染的大环内酯类药物 ,但对革兰氏阴性菌效果差 ,故在实际用药中 ,还应联合其他抗菌药物。本试验通过人工诱发支原体 大肠杆菌感染 ,评价泰乐菌素联合磺胺二甲嘧啶钠 (ＳｕｌｆａｄｉｍｉｄｉｎｅＳｏｄｉｕｍＳＭ2 Ｎａ)加三甲氧苄氨嘧啶 (Ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｏｐｒｉｍ ,Ｔ…