螟黄赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟的防治效果

为减轻水稻二化螟为害,推广适合东坡区的水稻绿色防控技术,促进农药减量,开展了螟黄赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟的试验。结果表明,在二化螟成虫羽化始盛期投放螟黄赤眼蜂,其卵寄生率明显高于农户自防田,3个试验点防治效果分别为71.63%、62.73%、72.06%,其防效和相应处理区水稻产量与农户化学农药自防无明显差别,且减少了化学农药使用,赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟可在生产上推广应用。     

0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素颗粒剂防治二化螟药效试验

为明确0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素GR对水稻二化螟的防治效果和使用技术,开展了田间药效试验。结果表明,在二化螟卵孵化高峰期撒施0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素GR防治二化螟,施药后当空白对照区为害状明显时调查,浓度为90g/ha剂量防效达88.99%,显著高于对照药剂3.6%杀虫双GR的防效,对二化螟有较好的防治效果。     

5％环虫酰肼悬浮剂防治二化螟田间药效试验

为明确5%环虫酰肼SC对水稻二化螟的防治效果和使用技术,开展了本田间药效试验。结果表明,在二化螟孵化高峰期喷施5%环虫酰肼SC防治二化螟,施药后当空白对照区为害状明显时调查,75 g/ha剂量的处理防效达到88.51%,显著高于对照药剂5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC的防效,对二化螟有较好的防治效果。     

甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的防效

为减少化学农药在稻田的使用,在四川新都进行了2种生物农药混配制剂〖CD*2〗甜核·苏云菌防治水稻二化螟试验和示范。结果表明：采用PB 16手动喷雾器防治试验,甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为98.0%、99.56%和99.29%,采用东〖CD*2〗18机动喷雾器喷雾示范,甜核·苏云菌对二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为96.44%、97.83%和96.69%,效果良好,可以在大面积生产中推广应用。     

三氟苯嘧啶·溴氰虫酰胺对水稻稻飞虱及螟虫的田间防治效果评价

2015-2016年,采用田间小区试验评价了23%三氟苯嘧啶·溴氰虫酰胺SC、10%三氟苯嘧啶SC、10%溴氰虫酰胺SC与50%吡蚜酮WG对稻飞虱、二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等水稻害虫的防治效果。结果表明,23%三氟苯嘧啶·溴氰虫酰胺SC能有效控制稻飞虱、二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟为害;药后3～30 d对稻飞虱的防治效果为75.12%～100.00%,药后15～30 d对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为82.09%～99.12%和78.34%～95.71%。10%三氟苯嘧啶SC、50%吡蚜酮WG对稻飞虱高效,但对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟效果很差;药后3～30 d对稻飞虱的防治效果分别为81.94%～97.76%和74.91%～93.56%,药后15～30 d对二化螟的防治效果分别为18.23%～43.14%和35.34%～42.71%、对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为20.04%～48.06%和13.62%～34.78%。10%溴氰虫酰胺SC对稻飞虱有一定效果却难以控制其危害,但对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟高效;药后3～30 d对稻飞虱的防治效果为33.28%～62.11%,药后15～30 d对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为90.51%～96.60%和86.51%～95.26%。综上,建议在对稻飞虱、二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟发生做好监测预报的基础上,采用如下措施:若只有稻飞虱发生达到防治指标而二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟轻发生,只需使用10%三氟苯嘧啶悬浮剂25 g/hm^2即可;若稻飞虱发生较轻未达到防治指标,而二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟达到防治指标,则只需使用10%溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂45 g/hm^2即可;当稻飞虱、二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟均达到防治指标时,建议于稻飞虱低龄若虫盛发期或二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟低龄幼虫盛发期施用1次23%三氟苯嘧啶·溴氰虫酰胺SC 34.5 g/hm^2,对水450～750 L/hm^2茎叶均匀喷雾。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺防治水稻二化螟效果及对稻田天敌影响初探

水稻二化螟是南方水稻产区发生较为严重的害虫.目前生产上缺乏高效的防治药剂,每年都对水稻产量造成一定的损失.氯虫苯甲酰胺是1种全新的杀虫剂.据有关资料介绍,其对水稻二化螟有较好的防治效果.为了证实氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻二化螟的实际防治效果及明确对天敌的影响,笔者进行了有关试验.     

0.4%氯虫甲酰胺颗粒剂防治水稻二化螟田间药效试验

通过田间试验研究0.4%氯虫苯甲酰胺颗粒剂及其不同剂量对水稻二化螟的防治效果。结果表明：0.4%氯虫苯甲酰胺颗粒剂在防治期内施用600 g/667m^2、700 g/667m^2、800 g/667m^2防治二化螟均具有较好防治效果。于水稻二化螟2龄盛发期前10 d施药,药后21 d防治效果为86.18%-100%、药后30 d防治效果为84.62%-96.41%、药后40 d防治效果为82.28%-92.86%,持效期达40 d。其中700-800 g/667m^2药剂效果最佳,速效性高、持效期长,明显优于对照药剂。生产上推广使用时,以水稻二化螟2龄盛发期前10 d按剂量每667 m^2拌细土10 kg均匀撒施最好。     

200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC防除水稻二化螟试验

为验证200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(康宽)对水稻二化螟的防治效果,为今后大面积推广应用提供科学依据进行了防治二化螟的药效试验,现将试验结果报道如下:     

植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟飞行参数筛选

为筛选出适合植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的最佳飞行参数,本文利用大疆公司T20型植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂,探索不同飞行参数（飞行高度、飞行速度）对球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量（单位面积内球孢白僵菌孢子沉积个数）的影响,对筛选出的最优飞行参数进行田间试验并调查防治效果。飞行高度和飞行速度两个因素分别对单位面积内球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量存在显著影响,其中飞行高度因素对其影响更为显著,但两者之间的交互作用对其影响不显著;当飞行高度为1.5 m、飞行速度为3.0 m/s～5.0 m/s时,球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量高于其他处理;当飞行高度为1.5 m、飞行速度为5.0 m/s时,田间防治水稻二化螟的防治效果可达到75.34%。通过本研究,确定了植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的最佳飞行参数为飞行高度1.5m,飞行速度5.0m/s,水稻二化螟的田间防治效果可达75.34%以上。由此可见,利用植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的防治效果明显,具有大面积推广应用的价值。     

45%甲胺·敌乳油防治水稻二化螟药效试验

45%甲胺.敌乳油是河南豫淅鹏程化冶总公司新开发在的一种新型杀虫剂,为了难其对水稻二化螟的防治效果,于1999年6月在云梦县沙河乡作了防治早稻1代二化螟药效试验,现将结果报告如下.     

多拉菌素5%乳油防治甘蓝小菜蛾田间药效试验

多拉菌素5%乳油防治甘蓝小菜蛾,按推荐剂量5~15mL/667m2试验,结果表明,对1~3龄幼虫效果较明显,最佳施药时期为小菜蛾1~3龄期。防治效果最高可达95.22%。     

京郊西兰花小菜蛾的田间防治药剂筛选与评价

为评价高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰虫酰胺、苏云金杆菌、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素等5种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间药效,本文采用喷雾法进行了田间试验。结果表明,10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂、6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂对小菜蛾在药后1~7 d的防效较好;32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂、32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂与10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂分别按50%推荐用量组成的1∶1的混配剂,药后1 d的防效仅在60%左右,速效性较差,但是药后3~7 d的防效较好。其中,混配剂药后3 d的防效高达90.70%。5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油在药后1~7 d的防效均较差。因此,在西兰花生产上可使用减量的溴氰虫酰胺与苏云金杆菌混配剂进行小菜蛾的防治,以达到农药减量增效防治小菜蛾的目的;在小菜蛾暴发时,可使用溴氰虫酰胺或乙基多杀菌素,以达到迅速防治的目的。     

几种除草剂对冬麦田杂草的防除效果

通过田间药效试验,比较不同除草剂对当前南疆地区冬麦田播娘蒿、萹蓄、硬草等杂草的防除效果,为科学、安全、高效应用除草剂提供依据。结果表明,药后50 d,10％苯磺隆可湿性粉剂18．0 g a．i．／hm2＋5％唑啉草酯·炔草酯乳油37．5 g a．i．／hm2、75％苯磺隆水分散粒剂18．0 g a．i．／hm2＋10％乙羧氟草醚乳油12．0 g a．i．／hm2＋5％唑啉草酯·炔草酯乳油37．5 g a．i．／hm2、37％炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂166．5 g a．i．／hm2对播娘蒿的株防效、鲜质量防效均为100％,对萹蓄的鲜质量防效均在92％以上,对硬草的株防效、鲜质量防效均在88％以上,且对小麦生长安全。     

7种杀螨剂常规使用浓度对柑橘全爪螨的防效

本文比较了7种杀螨剂常规用量对柑橘红蜘蛛的田间药效,结果表明：速效性和持效性均较好的药剂为三唑锡25%可湿性粉剂和阿维菌素1.8%乳油;而丁醚脲25%乳油、苯丁锡50%可湿性粉剂和螺螨酯240克/升悬浮剂的速效性较差,但持效性较强,尤其是苯丁锡50%可湿性粉剂。此外,哒螨灵15%乳油的速效性在几种药剂中仅稍差于三唑锡25%可湿性粉剂,但持效性却是几种药剂中最差的;而炔螨特57%乳油相对其它药剂而言,速效性和持效性均表现一般,持效性也仅显著好于哒螨灵15%乳油。     

3种药剂对稻水象甲大田防治作用研究

本文开展了吡虫啉10%可湿性粉剂、阿维菌素2%乳油和三唑磷20%乳油等3种常见药剂对检疫性害虫稻水象甲的大田防治作用研究,试验结果表明,供试药剂对稻水象甲成虫均具有较好的防效,药后7d防效依次为94.58%、98.67%和100%。综合考虑,推荐阿维菌素2%乳油或吡虫啉10%可湿性粉剂为湖南防治稻水象甲的较理想药剂。     

几种杀虫剂防治花椰菜菜蛾田间药效评价

田间药效试验结果表明,供试验的4种杀虫剂对菜蛾均有较好的防治效果和速效性,其中甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐2.2%微乳剂、丙溴磷40%乳油、虫螨腈5%微浮剂同时具有良好的持效性。药后7d,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐2.2%微乳剂1.65g/hm2、丙溴磷40%乳油420g/hm2、虫螨腈5%微乳剂45g/hm2对菜蛾的防效均在89%以上,苦参碱0.5%水剂5.40g/hm2的防效达72.63%。4种杀虫剂均可作为防治菜蛾的优良药剂。     

浸虫法测定5种农药对甘蓝蚜的室内毒力

通过采用浸虫法,对甘蓝蚜室内毒力测定结果表明,阿维菌素、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、苏云菌.薄荷10%乳油和苏云菌.薄荷3%乳油,处理24h后LD50分别为0.962 1、2.103 6、9.442 1、996.397和2 283.659 2;处理48h后LD50分别为0.005 1、0.018 3、0.274 9、86.465 1和91.725 6;处理72h后LD50分别0.000 3、0.001 3、0.024 6、0.741 0和24.804 4。     

The requirement for the inclusion of formulation efficacy trials in pesticide preregistration evaluations

BACKGROUND: Optimization of biocide use could serve to reduce the risks of biocides on human health. To optimize the risk/benefit ratio, it is important to develop procedures for evaluating the efficacy of biocide formulations. The authors examined the effectiveness of ten pyrethroid insecticide aerosol formulations registered for the household control of flies. Tests were performed using adult Musca domestica L. Knockdown effects and mortality were measured in a test chamber using the manufacturer's recommended discharge time. RESULTS: The knockdown effect varied greatly between aerosols of similar composition. The knockdown 15 min post-treatment was 66-98% for flies placed 120 cm above floor level and 53-96% for flies placed at a height of 180 cm. The KDT(50) values ranged from 2.5 to 9.2 min for flies placed at 120 cm and from 3.2 to 12 min for flies placed at 180 cm. The highest rates of mortality were obtained for a formulation containing S-bioallethrin, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (81% at 120 cm and 79% at 180 cm). CONCLUSION: Formulations similar in insecticide composition exhibit significant differences in efficacy. Consequently, insecticidal efficacy preregistration evaluations should address not only the efficacy of the active ingredient but also the effectiveness of the formulation.     

20％精喹禾灵乳油防除大豆田杂草的田间试验

采用田间小区试验方法进行20％精喹禾灵乳油防除大豆田一年生禾本科杂草的田间药效试验。结果表明：20％精喹禾灵乳油用药有效成分剂量应为45．0～52．5 g/hm2,该剂量下,20％精喹禾灵乳油搭配笔者单位自主研发的HY-01增效剂,能够有效防除夏大豆田的马唐、牛筋草、稗草;施药后30d,对禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效在95％以上,可见在推荐剂量下施用对大豆安全。     

Untersuchungen zum gezielten Einsatz von Insektiziden gegen den Rapsglanzkäfer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Meligethes aeneus</Emphasis>) in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis des Landes Brandenburg im Zeitraum von 2006 bis 2014

Before 2006, agents of class II pyrethroids were used to control rape pests including the rape pollen beetle mainly. Thus, the selection of pyrethroids-resistant pollen beetle populations was encouraged. The aim of our study was to identify ways to combat these populations. Therefore, data of 465 real on-farm insecticide applications from nine years since 2006 were analyzed with regard to their effects on the pollen beetle and own experiments were carried out to test the efficacy of approved insecticides and control strategies. The analysis showed that the highest efficiencies were obtained with agents of the group of organophosphates and with the active substances indoxacarb and pymetrozine. Beyond that, the data examined revealed that the efficiency of thiacloprid (an insecticide of the class of neonicotinoids) has remained relatively constant throughout the observation period. In contrast, the increase in pyrethroid-resistant pollen beetle populations reflects the further decrease in efficacy of class II pyrethroids in the period 2011–2014.In summary, it should be noted that currently available insecticides achieve a maximal abatement level of 80–85?%. Therefore, an economic damage cannot be prevented on rapeseed locations with a very strong pollen beetle infestation even if multiple use of insecticides happens.To prevent further escalation of the resistance problem, another aspect should be given greater attention in the future. 55?% of the insecticide applications in the practice dataset where carried out before the control threshold (BRW) for weakly developed oilseed rape crops was achieved; often in the stage of micro-bud (BBCH 51). In compliance with the currently suggested higher control threshold, only 15?% of the insecticide applications would have been necessary. Thus, a reduction of the number of insecticide applications could be achieved by considering the higher thresholds. This would significantly reduce the selection pressure. Therefore, plant protection advice should mediate between exploiting the control thresholds and using the most appropriate insecticide.