河北省水产厨养殖处围绕养殖方式转变和苗种生产开展调研

为落实农业部“水产养殖业增长方式转变行动”，抓好以良种生产、推广为主要内容的示范项目建设，水产养殖处于4月初到沧州市调研。     

微生物在水产养殖中的作用原理及意义

跟畜禽动物养殖最大的不同,水产养殖主要依靠水环境生态系统生产产品,在这一点上,水产养殖与种植业很相似。除去良种、疫病防治在养殖业和种植业上共同需要之外,就生产对象来说,畜禽类全是恒温动物,生活环境稳定,影响其生长的主要因素是适宜的饲料。种植业则依靠适宜的气候、光     

邵武市水产苗种生产现状与管理对策

近年来,邵武市水产苗种生产取得了一定的成绩,生产能力和产量不断提高,培育种类不断增加,为促进邵武市水产养殖业的持续、快速、健康发展奠定了坚实的基础.但是与之伴随的诸多问题也逐渐显现,不容忽视,如果得不到及时解决,必将直接影响邵武市水产养殖业的发展步伐.     

蚯蚓(Earthworm)营养价值及其在水产养殖中的应用效果

本文作者着重地综述了蚯蚓的营养价值,蚯蚓在水产养殖业中的养殖效果及经济效益.蚯蚓具有很丰富的营养价值,它是水产养殖开发饲料源的一种新对象。解决水产养殖中动物性蛋白源饲料的一条重要途径.     

河北三项措施加强水产苗种生产管理

<正>本刊讯水产苗种是水产养殖业健康、快速发展的基础,随着水产育苗生产季节的临近,河北省各级渔业主管部门积极采取有力措施,强化质量监管和技术指导,确保水产苗种生产安全,为今年全省水产养殖业健康发展奠定基础。一是组织开展水产苗种专项整治行动,重点检查苗种场依法持证生产、亲本质量、用药、四项记录以及药品、饲料的存放和使用等情况,并依法严厉打击在亲本培育阶段使用禁用药品等违法行为。二是组织技术专家团队深入育苗场,现场指导养殖渔民工厂化养殖车间标准化提升改造、池塘清淤、消毒等前期准备工作,并一一解答育苗技术上的难题或疑问。     

池塘养殖与垂钓有机结合水产养殖模式初探

近年来,齐齐哈尔市水产养殖业取得了长足进步,尤其是新品种、新技术的引进跨上了新台阶,常规驯化养殖以鲤鱼为主体亩产已达千斤以上。虽然产量上去了,但是在市场供应上出现了季节性、区域性相对过剩,水产品价格过低,水产养殖业比较效益下降,养殖增产不增收问题尤为突出。随着人们物质文化生活水平的提高,垂钓休闲渔业悄然兴起,大有蓬勃发展之势。一些渔民利用自己渔业生产的场地和渔业的自然环境,发展休闲渔业,即集养殖、垂钓、餐饮于一体的经营模式,更多的投资者也加入经营垂钓的行业。     

水产养殖膨化饲料生产与应用中的注意事项

膨化饲料，俗称浮性饲料。在膨化过程中由于热、湿、压力和各种机械作用，能使饲料中的淀粉充分糊化，破坏和软化纤维的细胞壁部分，释放营养，使蛋白质变性，脂肪稳定，有利于消化吸收，提高饲料的消化率和利用率。同时特殊的工艺使饲料具有特殊的香味，有利于增加动物的食欲。因此，膨化饲料具有消化性能好，水稳定性强，热敏抗营养素低，投喂管理方便，因而在水产养殖业中越来越受到青睐。     

台风洪灾前后水产养殖注意及恢复生产技术要点

海南省位于南海的西北部,素有"热带气旋走廊"之称,每年影响或登陆海南的热带气旋数量少则3～4个,多至5～6个,给该省人民生命和财产造成严重威胁和破坏。而水产养殖业是一个与天气息息相关的行业,气候的变化对其影响很大。海南省每年的5-11月进入汛期,而紧随其后到来的是热带气旋季节(每年的6-10月)。水产养殖     

河北省水产养殖生产形势分析会在承德市召开

<正>8月12日,河北省水产养殖生产形势分析会在承德市召开,各设区市渔业主管局的分管领导和生产科长、部分水产站长和渔业重点县局长、省农业厅水产养殖处、省水产技术推广站、省海洋与水产科学研究院有关负责人参加了会议。省农业厅吴更雨副厅长出席会议并作重要讲话,承德市农牧局张学东局长到会并致辞。省农业厅厅长助理李建军主持会议。会议期间,省农业厅水产养殖处洪幼林处长传达了全     

臭氧改善水产养殖水体质量的作用机理初探

水产养殖水体日趋恶化已成为制约渔业快速发展的"瓶颈",亟待改善。由于臭氧的强氧化性和无二次污染特性,在臭氧水处理原理的基础上,把臭氧用于改善水产养殖水体质量将成为一种有效的手段。本文对臭氧改善水产养殖水体质量的作用机理进行探索,探索了臭氧在水中分解机理,及其氧化降解有毒有害物质氨氮、硫化氢、蓝绿藻、致病微生物的作用机理,为臭氧氧化技术在水产养殖中应用提供理论依据。     

Production Characteristics of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatusStocked at Two Densities in the Partitioned Aquaculture System

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine if channel catfish could be cultured at an increased density in the Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) without significantly affecting performance. Channel catfish fingerlings (36.53±6.76 g; mean ±SD) were initially stocked into six 9.15 m³ sections at 3,461±317 fish per section, twice the designed carrying capacity, and fed twice daily to satiation. After 75 days, the density of three units was reduced by approximately 50% and all six units were fed for another 97 days. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in mean growth rate, feed conversion ratio, or production between fish grown at the low- and high-density treatments. Also, length variation (CV) and condition factors (K) were similar (P > 0.05) between fish grown at the low and high-density. Increasing density by twice the designed carrying capacity did not affect performance of channel catfish in the PAS.     

薛家岛海水网箱养殖海域贝藻综合养殖效果及其影响因素分析

本研究于2018年9—11月在山东省青岛市薛家岛海域构建了包含鱼类网箱、马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensi)和异枝麒麟菜(Eucheuma striatum)的多营养层次综合养殖(IMTA)模式,开展现场实验的同时,在室内测定了马氏珠母贝的摄食生理指标和异枝麒麟菜的营养盐吸收速率,对比分析了贝藻综合养殖对网箱养殖区的水质改善效果。结果显示,实验点马氏珠母贝壳高及特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于对照点,水层为0.50~0.62 m的马氏珠母贝平均壳高显著高于其他水层。实验点异枝麒麟菜的净增重显著高于对照点,水深为0.60~0.90 m的生长速率最高;在24.45℃条件下,马氏珠母贝对颗粒有机物(POM)的摄食率、吸收率和吸收效率均值分别为(4.13±0.77) mg/(h·ind.)、(1.04±0.24) mg/(h·ind.)和(25.00±2.51)%,均显著高于20.74℃实验组;在实验温度范围内,异枝麒麟菜对N、P、Si营养盐的吸收速率均随着温度升高呈先升高再降低的趋势,最高值出现在30℃。实验期间,马氏珠母贝摄食和吸收的POM分别为778.08和144.47 g,异枝麒麟菜吸收的N、P、Si总量分别为8.55、1.11和9.18 g,均高于对照点。研究表明,温度、养殖深度、POM及营养盐浓度是影响马氏珠母贝和异枝麒麟菜生长及生理代谢的主要因素。     

不同养殖模式对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生长、免疫性能及水质的影响

为探讨循环水养殖模式(RAS组)和池塘养殖模式(池塘组)对尼罗罗非鱼生长、免疫性能及水质影响的变化规律,开展了为期8周的养殖试验。结果表明：(1)RAS组中鱼体增重率(WGR)(597.36±169.79)显著高于池塘组(470.98±142.99)(P < 0.05),但饲料转化率(FCE)(1.17±0.02)却显著低于池塘养殖系统(1.47±0.03)(P < 0.05)。特定生长率(SGR)和肥满度(CF)也高于池塘养殖系统,但差异不显著(P > 0.05);(2)在第4周和第8周分别测定了鱼体胃和肠中消化酶活性显示,第4周时,RAS组中肠蛋白酶活性值(1387.56±278.43)显著高于池塘组(1129.99±382.67)(P < 0.05);第8周时,肠脂肪酶活性(18.11±4.28)显著高于池塘组(12.89±8.00)(P < 0.05);(3)在第4周和第8周分别测定了鱼体肝胰脏、头肾和血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、溶菌酶 (LSZ)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,显示整体上RAS组免疫性能低于池塘组;(4)每周测定水体氨态氮和亚硝态氮含量显示,RAS组氨态氮维持在0.0067 ~ 0.0212 mg / L区间内,亚硝态氮含量位于0.0027 ~ 0.0087 mg / L范围内,均低于池塘组。     

An Analysis of Biological, Economic, and Engineering Factors Affecting the Cost of Fish Production in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Aquaculture production in recirculating systems has been the focus of research and development efforts for decades. Although considerable resources have been expended on these systems in the private sector, there is a scarcity of data on the economic or engineering performance of commercial scale recirculating production systems. This paper presents the results of a computer simulation of tilapia production in a small recirculating production system. Much of the performance data has been developed at a demonstration facility at North Carolina State University. Given the assumptions of the base case simulation, the cost of producing a kilogram of tilapia in the recirculating system described is estimated to be $2.79 ($1.27/lb). The results of a model sensitivity analysis indicate that while improvements in the performance efficiency of system components did not greatly affect fish production costs, reductions in feed costs and improvements in the feed conversion ratio caused the greatest reduction of production cost of all of the operational variables investigated. The analysis further indicates that the greatest gains to be realized in improving profitability are those associated with increasing the productive capacity or decreasing the investment cost of a recirculating fish production system.     

Experimental Evaluation of the Halophyte,Salicornia virginica,for Biomitigation of Dissolved Nutrients in Effluent from a Recirculating Aquaculture System for Marine Finfish

The ability of the halophyte, Salicornia virginica, planted in drainage lysimeters to biomitigate dissolved nutrients in effluent from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for marine finfish was evaluated. Seawater effluent from a RAS producing black sea bass, Centropristis striata (filtered to reduce total suspended solids), was used as irrigant. Plant growth and dissolved N and P removal were determined as a function of leachate fraction (LF%) – that is, proportion of irrigant that leaches from the plant‐substrate lysimeter. Lysimeters were irrigated weekly to produce 30, 40, and 50% LF. A control (unplanted) lysimeter was included at the 30% LF. Plant growth was excellent in all LF% treatments until Day 141 when salt buildup in the lysimeter substrate inhibited nutrient uptake. Salt accumulation was mitigated at higher LF%, so that plant biomass and net removal (μg) of dissolved N and P by the p‐s lysimeter remained higher (P < 0.05) at the 40 and 50% than at the 30% LF. On Day 141, percent removal efficiency at the 50% LF was 79.2% for inorganic N and 73.9% for total phosphorus. Through Day 355, substrate salinity was minimized and plant biomass and nutrient removal were maximized at the 50% LF. S. virginica is an effective biofilter for dissolved nutrients in effluent from an RAS for marine finfish.     

3种微藻对海水集约化对虾养殖尾水氮磷的去除效果

基于对虾生物絮团集约化养殖尾水含有高浓度硝态氮和磷酸盐的特征,比较分析钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）、牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、盐藻（Dunaliella sp.）3种微藻在配制尾水中的存活生长状况及其对无机氮磷的去除效果,以期筛选出适宜的微藻用于后续尾水净化技术。采用显微镜计数法测定藻细胞密度,国标法测定总无机氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和磷酸盐的含量。结果显示,钝顶螺旋藻在实验前后的藻细胞密度变化不大（P>0.05）,约为3.32×106 个/mL和5.88×106 个/mL;牟氏角毛藻和盐藻细胞密度有明显增加（P<0.05）,分别从初始的4.00×104 个/mL和2.50×105 个/mL升高至实验结束时的1.66×106 个/mL和1.06×107 个/mL。经过16 d实验,钝顶螺旋藻组对硝态氮和总无机氮去除率分别为79.60%和46.06%,显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）,第8天时对磷酸盐的去除率可高达98.55%;牟氏角毛藻组16 d的磷酸盐去除率为98.25%,显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。研究表明,3种微藻均可在对虾养殖尾水环境中存活,且对尾水氮磷具有较好的净化效果。     

Growth trajectory analysis of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Comparison of the specific growth rate,the thermal‐unit growth coefficient and its adaptations

Empirical growth models have widespread application in the field of aquaculture. These models allow estimates of harvest size and waste outputs in addition to nutrient and feed requirements. In an effort to increase the ability to predict shrimp growth, the specific growth rate (SGR) and thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) models were fitted to 15 datasets encompassing growth of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were reared under commercial conditions in Southeast Asia with weights ranging from 0.01 g to 34 g. Growth rates were regressed against body weights to identify changes in growth pattern across life stages. Analysis identified two distinct patterns of growth, with a break point between stanzas at 7.5 g. The body weight exponent of the TGC model, traditionally assumed to be (1 ? b) = 1/3, was solved for iteratively in each identified growth stanza in an effort to improve the goodness of fit of the TGC model. Average body weight exponents in the first and second stanzas were 0.416 and 0.952 respectively. Projected growth trajectories using these exponents resulted in significantly better fits in comparison to the traditional TGC and the SGR on the basis of statistical measures of goodness of fit.     

基于形态学和高通量测序的海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物多样性比较

利用形态学鉴定方法结合高通量测序技术,对2018年12月海水池塘生态养殖系统中浮游植物群落组成及多样性进行研究,结果显示,2种方法共鉴定浮游植物8个门,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和隐藻门(Cryptophyta)为主要优势类群.共鉴定浮游植物39个属,仅有5个属,包括裸藻属(Eutreptiella)、颤藻属(O...     

基于渔盐一体化养殖的中国明对虾营养成分分析

为系统了解渔盐一体化生态养殖模式下中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的营养价值,通过测定其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖),蛋白质的氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、维生素和无机元素等,对其营养价值进行评价。结果显示:该养殖模式下,中国明对虾蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.03%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;呈味氨基酸含量高达43.73%;脂肪含量低;维生素B3和维生素E含量丰富;富含人体必需的钙、铁、锌、镁、硒等矿质元素,无重金属污染。研究表明:渔盐一体化生态养殖的中国明对虾是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、高矿物质、营养价值较高的优质海产虾类。     

不同氨氮和溶解氧条件下循环海水养殖系统生物滤池对氨氮、化学耗氧量及颗粒悬浮物的处理效果

为了建立优化的循环海水养殖系统,采用水质国标检测方法分析了珊瑚石生物滤池在不同氨氮和溶解氧(DO)负荷实验条件下对养殖废水中氨氮、化学耗氧量(COD)及颗粒悬浮物(SS)的处理效果。结果显示,进水氨氮浓度对出水氨氮(正相关)、COD(正相关)均有极显著的影响(P0.01),对SS处理效果影响不显著。当进水氨氮浓度为0.45~0.65 mg/L时,滤池对水体处理效果最优(氨氮平均清除率为82.1%±3.3%;COD平均清除率为7.1%±1.5%;SS平均清除率为5.8%±1.6%)。DO浓度对水体氨氮(负相关)和COD(负相关)处理效果的影响显著(P0.05),对SS处理效果影响不显著。DO浓度为5.0~7.0 mg/L时,水体处理效果最优(氨氮平均清除率为78.7%±3.5%;COD平均清除率为23.0%±5.3%;SS平均清除率为7.1%±2.0%)。因此,本实验环境下的循环海水养殖系统珊瑚石生物滤池在氨氮浓度为0.45~0.65 mg/L,DO浓度为5.0~7.0 mg/L时,对水体中的氨氮、COD、SS的综合处理效果最优。