Thermomechanical and Shape Memory Performances of Thermo-sensitive Polyurethane Fibers

This study is the first step to investigate usability of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers for smart garment applications. SMPU fibers were spun by wet spinning process and chemical/mechanical characterization was carried out. SMPU solutions were prepared with two different concentrations (20 % and 25 %) and three different coagulation bath concentrations (0 %, 1 % and 3 %) were used for determining optimum spinning parameters. For investigating influences of spinning process on crystal structure, mechanical, thermal and shape memory performances of fibers, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests were conducted. DSC and DMA analysis results show that shape memory polyurethane fibers have a glass transition temperature about 35-40 oC which is suitable for body temperature. Moreover, SMPU fibers showed good tensile performance with an average tenacity of 1.38 cN/dtex and elongation at break of 350 %. Thermo mechanical test results showed that, all shape memory fibers have good shape memory effect with recovery and fixity ratios up to 91 % and 71 % respectively.     

Preparation and Investigation of Epoxy Syntactic Foam (Epoxy/Graphite Reinforced Hollow Epoxy Macrosphere/Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite)

Graphite reinforced hollow epoxy macrospheres (GR-HEMS) and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) were used to prepare three phase epoxy syntactic foam (ESF) using “molding method”, and the physical and mechanical properties of ESF were also studied and investigated. An innovative “rolling ball method” was implemented in the GR-HEMS preparation process. The performance tests show that higher GR-HEMS stacking volume fraction, lower GR-HEMS thickness, higher GR-HEMS diameter, higher HGMS volume fraction, lower HGMS density are beneficial to reducing the density of ESF, but the effects of the five factors on the strength of ESF are the opposite. Therefore, in order to obtain “high strength and low density” ESF composites, the various factors should be considered to achieve a balance of the strength and the density. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the “rolling ball method” can make graphite form a graphite spherical x-y network throughout the macrosphere wall, which can make GR-HEMS and ESF have great compressive strength. The ESF (450 kg/m³, 20.75 MPa) can withstand the 2075 meters water pressure and provide 550 kg/m³ buoyancy, which can give some advice to the preparation of buoyancy material used in deepwater oil exploration.     

QTL Detection for Rice Grain Shape Using Chromosome Single Segment Substitution Lines

Rice grain shape is one of the important factors affecting grain quality and yield,but it is liable to be influenced by genetic backgrounds and environments.The chromosome single segment substitution lines(SSSLs) in rice have been considered as ideal populations to identify the quantitative trait loci(QTLs).In this study,22 QTLs affecting rice grain shape were detected to be distributed on eight chromosomes except chromosomes 6,9,11 and 12 by using SSSLs.Among them,seven QTLs conditioned grain length,six co...     

基于水稻单片段代换系的粒形QTL定位

 粒形是重要的农艺性状,既影响水稻产量也影响稻米品质,是典型的数量性状,易受遗传背景和环境因素的影响。染色体单片段代换系降低了遗传背景的干扰,是鉴定QTL的新型遗传材料。利用单片段代换系为材料,共鉴定出了22个与粒形相关的QTL,包括7个粒长QTL,6个粒宽QTL,5个谷粒长宽比QTL和4个粒厚QTL,分布于除第6、9、11和12染色体外的8条染色体上。这些结果为粒形QTL的克隆和分子育种奠定了基础。     

Antifouling Activity of Synthetic Alkylpyridinium Polymers Using the Barnacle Model

Polymeric alkylpyridinium salts (poly-APS) isolated from the Mediterranean marine sponge, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) sarai, effectively inhibit barnacle larva settlement and natural marine biofilm formation through a non-toxic and reversible mechanism. Potential use of poly-APS-like compounds as antifouling agents led to the chemical synthesis of monomeric and oligomeric 3-alkylpyridinium analogues. However, these are less efficient in settlement assays and have greater toxicity than the natural polymers. Recently, a new chemical synthesis method enabled the production of poly-APS analogues with antibacterial, antifungal and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. The present study examines the antifouling properties and toxicity of six of these synthetic poly-APS using the barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) as a model (cyprids and II stage nauplii larvae) in settlement, acute and sub-acute toxicity assays. Two compounds, APS8 and APS12-3, show antifouling effects very similar to natural poly-APS, with an anti-settlement effective concentration that inhibits 50% of the cyprid population settlement (EC₅₀) after 24 h of 0.32 mg/L and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of APS8 is negligible, while APS12-3 is three-fold more toxic (24-h LC₅₀: nauplii, 11.60 mg/L; cyprids, 61.13 mg/L) than natural poly-APS. This toxicity of APS12-3 towards nauplii is, however, 60-fold and 1200-fold lower than that of the common co-biocides, Zn- and Cu-pyrithione, respectively. Additionally, exposure to APS12-3 for 24 and 48 h inhibits the naupliar swimming ability with respective IC₅₀ of 4.83 and 1.86 mg/L.     

利用重测序的染色体片段代换系群体定位水稻粒型QTL

 以一套用籼稻品种9311为受体、粳稻品种日本晴为供体构建的128个染色体片段代换系为材料,按随机区组实验设计种植,于成熟后考查代换系粒长、粒宽性状,利用多元回归分析方法,结合Bin图谱,鉴定出6个与粒长相关的QTL、2个与粒宽相关的QTL。其中,qGL3.1被定位在水稻第3染色体的5 792 954 bp区间内;qGL3.2被定位在第3染色体的917 878 bp区间内;qGL8.1被定位在第8染色体的889 543 bp区间内;qGL8.2被定位在第8染色体的208 614 bp区间内;qGL9.1被定位在第9染色体的1 149 685 bp区间内;qGL11.1被定位在第11染色体的3 184 760 bp区间内;qGW1.1被定位在第1染色体的200 070 bp区间内;qGW5.1被定位在第5染色体的704 905 bp区间内。上述QTL的准确定位,为进一步精细定位及克隆相应QTL和开展水稻粒型分子育种奠定了基础。     

环氧树脂改性大豆基木材胶粘剂的制备与表征

以表面活性剂AD改性大豆分离蛋白(SPI),然后与马来酸酐(MA)接枝后,再与环氧树脂(EPR)共混制备胶粘剂,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,探讨SPI、AD、MA及EPR用量对胶粘剂胶合性能的影响,并采用红外光谱及示差扫描量热仪探讨了SPI胶粘剂的胶粘机理。结果表明:最优工艺条件为每150 g溶剂水中,SPI用量15 g、AD用量为SPI的2.5wt%、MA1.5 g、EPR15 g;红外光谱和热性能分析表明SPI和EPR之间发生了化学反应。     

利用高密度SNP标记定位水稻粒形相关QTL

以"巨穗稻"R1128与粳稻品种日本晴杂交,构建包含781个单株的F2分离群体,利用高通量测序技术开发高密度SNP标记并构建超高密度的遗传连锁图谱,对水稻粒长、粒宽和粒厚3个性状进行QTL定位分析。共检测到分布于除第1,11,12号染色体以外的9条染色体上的19个粒形相关QTL,其中10个控制粒长,5个控制粒宽,4个控制粒厚,这些QTL中,粒长QTL q GL4-2、q GL7-2、q GL10-2、q GL10-3,粒宽QTL q GW6,粒厚QTL q GT4、q GT8可能为新发现的粒形相关位点。     

利用重测序的水稻染色体片段代换系群体定位剑叶形态QTL

 剑叶形态性状（剑叶长、剑叶宽和剑叶面积）是水稻理想株型育种的重要目标性状之一。发掘新的控制水稻剑叶形态性状的基因资源,准确鉴定和定位水稻剑叶形态性状QTL,对开展水稻剑叶形态性状分子生物学研究和理想株型分子育种都具有重要意义。 以通过高通量测序而准确获知代换片段位置及长度的一套用籼稻品种9311为受体、粳稻品种日本晴为供体构建的,包括128个染色体片段代换系群体为材料,对剑叶形态性状及其与主穗颖花之间的相关性进行分析,结果表明剑叶面积与剑叶长、宽呈极显著正相关,主穗颖花数与剑叶长、剑叶面积呈极显著正相关。利用多元回归分析方法,结合Bin map,共鉴定出与水稻剑叶长、宽和面积相关的QTL分别为4、4和6个,贡献率介于4.08%~60.40%。上述QTL的准确定位,为进一步精细定位及克隆相应QTL以及开展水稻剑叶形态性状分子育种奠定了基础。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术高效创制长粒香型水稻

【目的】CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术已成为水稻分子育种的重要手段。为了促进水稻育种的发展,本研究以非香型粳稻品种龙粳11为试验材料,对GS3、GS9和Badh2基因进行编辑,以期获得能稳定遗传的长粒香水稻材料。【方法】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,以GS3、GS9和Badh2为靶基因,构建敲除载体pYLCRISPR/Cas9-GS3/ GS9/Badh2-gRNA,通过农杆菌介导法,在龙粳11的GS3、GS9和Badh2基因中引入了特定的突变。【结果】T₂代无转基因的gs3/gs9/badh2纯合突变体与野生型龙粳11相比,粒长增加26.43%~27.01%,单株产量增加10.82%~12.11%,千粒重增加18.34%~41.36%,稻米变香,高效地将圆粒水稻变成长粒香型水稻。【结论】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得能够稳定遗传并具有长粒香品质的纯合突变株系,为组合多个品质性状提供了一种方便有效的方法,从育种角度加快了新品系创制过程。     

Improvement of Grain Shape and Fragrance by Using CRISPR/Cas9 System

【Objective】 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has become an important way for molecular breeding in rice. To promote rice breeding, the non-fragrant japonica rice variety Longjing11 was used as the test material. This study aims to edit GS3, GS9 and Badh2 genes for obtaining valuable and stable long-grain fragrant rice materials. 【Method】 The target genes GS3, GS9 and BADH2 were selected to construct the vector pYLCRISPR/ Cas9-GS3/ GS9/Badh2-gRNA by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to transform Longjing11. Specific mutations were introduced into the GS3, GS9 and Badh2 genes in Longjing 11. 【Result】 The grain length of the transgenic free homozygote gs3/gs9/badh2 increased by 26.43% to 27.01%, yield per plant by 10.82% to 12.11%, 1000-grain weight by 18.34% to 41.36%, rice became fragrant as compared with wild type of Longjing 11. This study efficiently transformed round-grain rice into long-grain fragrant rice. 【Conclusion】The homozygous mutant lines featured by stable inheritance and long-grain fragrant quality were obtained by using CRISPR/Cas9 system. This study provides a convenient and effective way of combining multiple quality traits together, which could significantly accelerate breeding process from a breeding perspective.     

利用染色体片段置换系群体定位和分析水稻粒重和粒型QTL

[目的]挖掘水稻粒重和粒型相关性状QTL,对于解析水稻籽粒遗传机理具有重要作用.[方法]本研究以籼稻9311为受体、粳稻日本晴为供体构建的染色体片段置换系(Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines,CSSLs)群体为材料,在4个环境下对控制稻谷与糙米的粒重和粒型QTL进行了定位分析.[...     

应用剩余杂合体衍生群体定位水稻粒重粒形QTL

【目的】粒重粒形是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素,由大量数量性状座位(QTL)控制,其作用变异极大,但以往研究主要着眼于效应大的QTL。本研究在剔除主效QTL影响的基础上,开展微效粒重粒形QTL分析。【方法】在前期研究基础上,从原群体挑选出1个剩余杂合体单株,构建了在主效QTL区间纯合、在其余区域中13个区间分离的群体,种植于浙江杭州和海南陵水,测定千粒重、粒长和粒宽。【结果】采用Windows QTL Cartographer2.5,检测到22个QTL,分布于10条染色体的12个区间,其中,10个区间在两地均呈显著作用,2个区间仅在杭州试验中呈显著作用。进一步从该群体筛选出1个只在其中4个QTL区间杂合的单株,自交构建分离群体,验证了这4个区间对粒重粒形的效应。【结论】排除主效QTL有利于提高微效粒重粒形QTL的检测功效;虽然微效QTL可能易受环境和遗传背景影响,但仍可具有稳定表现。这些结果为进一步开展粒重粒形QTL的精细定位、克隆和分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

纳米CaCO3/NR复合材料制备工艺对其结构和性能的影响

采用SEM和力学性能测定研究了乳液共沉法制备工艺对纳米CaCO3/NR复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:搅拌时间、胶乳质量分数、纳米CaCO3/NR填充量对复合材料结构与性能有显著影响,当它们分别为60min,15%~20%,20:100~40:100时,复合材料力学综合性能最好。纳米CaCO3对NR具有较好的补强效果。      

酶解菠萝蜜种子淀粉制备油脂模拟品的研究

以菠萝蜜种子淀粉为原料制备油脂模拟品,在单因素的基础上,采用响应面方法优化菠萝蜜种子淀粉油脂模拟品的制备工艺。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为：淀粉浓度为15.11％,酶用量为0.14％,酶解时间为17.10  min,酶解温度为50.10  ℃,在此工艺条件下制备的油脂模拟品的DE值为4.38;并确定了该油脂模拟品的糊化温度为80 ℃和糊化时间为10 min。     

高沸醇溶剂法提取花生壳中木质素的研究

采用1，4-丁二醇为溶剂，在70％～90％的1，4-丁二醇水溶液中添加少量助剂，在180～220℃条件下蒸煮30～90min，从花生壳中制得木质素。采用高沸醇溶剂法提取的木质素(简称HBS木质素)不溶于水，可以通过加水沉淀的方法，与反应后的液体混合物中分离。HBS木质素具有较高的反应活性，通过进一步的改性，还有更多潜在的应用价值。高沸醇溶剂(简称HBS)通过回收处理可以循环使用。     

响应面法优化干热变性莲子淀粉膜制备工艺

以干热变性莲子淀粉为主要原料,研究变性淀粉用量、甘油用量和干燥温度对干热变性莲子淀粉膜性能的影响,并采用响应面分析及加权评价函数法对膜性能指标进行综合优化,得到干热变性莲子淀粉的最佳成膜工艺条件为:变性莲子淀粉用量为3.53%,甘油用量为1.51%,干燥温度80.61℃。本研究成果将为干热变性莲子淀粉可食膜的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

东乡野生稻的粒形相关QTL分析

以东乡野生稻/协青早B∥协青早B的回交自交系群体为遗传材料,利用简化基因组测序技术鉴定群体的SNP分子标记基因型,对东乡野生稻的粒形相关性状进行QTL分析。在水稻第1,3,4,5,10,12号染色体上共发现14个粒形相关QTL,包括6个粒长QTL(q GL1、q GL3.1、q GL3.2、q GL4、q GL10.1、q GL10.2)、2个粒厚QTL(q GT5、q GT10)和6个粒重QTL(q KGW3、q KGM4、q KGW5、q KGW 10.1、q KGW10.2、q KGW12)。其中q GL3.1与q KGW3、q GT5与q KGW5、q GL4与q KGM4、q GL10.1与q KGW10.1以及q GL10.2、q GT10与q KGW10.2定位区间重叠,推测这些QTL具有一因多效特性。加性效应最大的粒长QTL即q GL3.1(q KGW3)被定位在第3染色体的粒形基因GS3的区域中,且q GL3.1与GS3都是控制粒长的主效QTL,推测q GL3.1就是GS3基因。而在q GL3.1区域附近还存在粒长QTL q GL3.2,该位点与已克隆的粒长QTL即GL3.1在位置上重叠,推测q GL3.2可能就是GL3.1/Os PPKL1基因。     

利用大豆浓缩蛋白乳清制备水苏糖的发酵条件

利用酵母对大豆浓缩蛋白乳清进行发酵处理制备水苏糖.在确定最佳起始发酵液的糖度为31.8Brix后,对温度、pH、接种量、装液量等工艺条件进行了单因素试验及正交试验,结果表明最佳发酵条件为:温度32°C,pH5.5,接种量8%,在此发酵条件下利用酵母对大豆浓缩蛋白乳清进行发酵处理48 h,水苏糖的纯度达到了90%,保留率为68%.     

制造球形天然橡胶的全胶凝技术

在深入分析天然胶乳凝固机理的基础上,采用全胶凝技术进行了球形天然橡胶半工业规模的试验.试验流程由分散、胶凝、陈化、洗涤、过滤等组成的湿法工序以及流态化干燥机为中心的干法工序组成.试验内容包括胶乳的分散及其在乳化液中的相变凝固和在水溶液中的收缩凝固、溶胶改性和凝胶隔离以及流态化干燥机的运行等.相变凝固剂是由乙酸和草酸与辛醇配置的乳化溶液;收缩凝固剂组成为酸性电解质水溶液.溶胶改性是向胶乳中添加硅溶胶;凝胶隔离是在乳化液中添加纳米滑石.球形凝胶的干燥是在由热风炉、风机、布风板、卧式搅拌浆以及过滤板等组成的流态化干燥机组内完成的.试验结果证明:全胶凝技术已经取得了工程应用的可行性论证.新工艺的特点是先成滴后凝固,而传统的标准胶工艺是先凝固后粉碎.二者相比,新工艺具有节省设备和动力、流程简短、操作方便、成本低廉、废水少、产品流动性和配合性好等诸多优点.新工艺在经济效益、社会效益以及环保效益等方面的潜力较大.