水泥熟料及其制备方法

专利号:200810069676.0废弃混凝土是一种硬化了的混凝土,主要由硬化水泥浆、砂石集料等组成,其中砂石集料占70%～80%,到目前为止,废弃混凝土的再利用主要有以下三种形式:1、制成再生集料制备再生混凝土。即将废弃混凝土经破碎、筛分获得再生粗集料、再生细集料及粉     

基于正交试验的沥青混合料剪切强度影响因素显著性分析

为了分析影响沥青混合料剪切强度各因素的显著性，设计了五因素三水平的正交试验，开展了沥青混合料的单轴贯入试验，采用极差和方差的分析方法，对沥青混合料剪切强度的影响因素进行了分析，以分析沥青类型、级配类型、油石比、粗集料针片状含量、细集料棱角性对沥青混合料剪切强度影响的显著性。结果表明：通过极差和方差方法对混合料剪切强度的影响大小及显著性分析所获得的规律性是一致的。五种因素在其三个水平范围内的影响显著性大小顺序分别为：矿料级配>沥青类型>细集料棱角性>油石比>粗集料针片状含量。为了提高沥青混合料剪切强度，建议优先考虑沥青混合料矿料级配的优化设计和沥青类型的选择。     

临长高速公路沥青路面材料质量控制

沥青路面的材料质量保证是沥青路面施工及使用质量保证的关键，通过对临长高速公路沥青材料、粗、细集料、矿粉、水泥、碎石及沥青混合料级配的控制，提高了路面的强度。     

柔性基层混合料中细集料性质的研究

为了进一步研究碎石基层级配混合料组成设计，本文首先就碎石基层级配混合料中细集料的性质进行了广泛的研究，采用了上置式表面振动法和重型击实法对比，从而提出泰波指数n、不同工艺与细集料物理与力学性质的关系。     

不同粗集料的沥青混合料的质量对比分析

本文通过不同粗集料的沥青混合料的质量对比,分析不同品质的粗集料对混合料质量的影 响,供大家在选择材料上做以参考。     

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣集料环保特性分析及研究

为研究生活垃圾焚烧炉渣集料的环保特性,对炉渣集料的理化特性和浸出液特性以及用于道路基层后的炉渣混合料的浸出特性进行了深入研究,结果表明:炉渣集料可以满足规范中XG3(0~5)细集料的性能要求,具有一定的水硬性和良好的化学稳定性,经外力碾压后,能够具备一定的密实型和稳定性,可以用作道路基层材料;而炉渣中重金属浸出含量较低,满足国家相应标准要求,对环境影响较小,环保性能较好。     

砂当量变化对微表处混合料性能的影响分析

细集料是组成沥青混合料的主要矿质材料之一，细集料的洁净程度直接关系到沥青与集料的裹附程度和粘聚力，显著影响沥青混合料的路用性能。通过室内实验，探讨砂当量变化对微表处混合料拌和时间和乳化沥青用量，以及成型后性能的影响。试验表明，砂当量高的集料可以减少乳化沥青用量，降低生产成本；施工时乳化剂品种的选择应以其用量对砂当量变化及拌和时间不敏感为原则；砂当量高的混合料成型后耐磨能力以及抗水损害能力明显提高。     

细集料对沥青混合料低温性能的影响

选用呼伦贝尔地区常用的三种材质的机制砂、石屑进行沥青混合料的线收缩系数试验和低温弯曲试验,试验结果表明:采用机制砂的沥青混合料的低温性能明显优于采用石屑的沥青混合料,采用石灰岩细集料的沥青混合料的低温性能优于采用安山岩和辉绿岩细集料的沥青混合料.     

造林苗木生根问题的研究

本研究从３个方面研究了苗木的生根、生长状况。由于树种特性不同，造林苗木生根分为３类，即细根生根类，细根、粗根生根类，细根、粗根和苗干都能生根类。研究表明，造林苗木生根的决定因素是苗木的活根数量（针叶树是活细根）。活根数量不仅决定苗木成活，而且影响成活后的生长状况。苗木生新根的外部条件是土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤空气。与此同时，空气温度和相对湿度对苗木生根也有一定的影响。     

造林苗木生根问题的研究

本研究３个方面研究了苗木的生根，生长状况，由于树种特性不同，造林苗条生根为３类，即细根生根类，细根，粗根生根类，细根，粗根和苗干都能生根类，研究表明，造林苗木生根的决定因素是苗木的活根数量（针叶树中活细根）。活根数量不仅决定苗木成活，而且影响成活后的生长状况，苗木生新根的外部条件是土壤温度，土壤水分，土壤空气，与此同时，空气温度和相对湿度对苗木生根也是一定的影响。     

不同尾巨桉木屑处理对毛木耳产量及品质的影响

研究尾巨桉木屑培育基质不同处理方式对毛木耳产量、厚度和泡发直径、营养成分和氨基酸含量等指标的影响,结果表明:不同处理间毛木耳产量、厚度和大小、营养成分和氨基酸等存在一定差异.淋洗与不淋洗不能成为产量和营养成分的决定影响因子,粗细木屑进行混合的处理方式可提高毛木耳产量和生物学效率,细木屑淋洗处理后产量略有下降的同时品质有所提升,粗木屑则呈现相反的规律.尾巨桉粗、细及混合木屑均可不淋洗用于栽培毛木耳,但以混合木屑产量更高.     

Coarse and fine root respiration in aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Coarse and fine root respiration rates of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were measured at 5, 15 and 25 degrees C. Coarse roots ranged from 0.65 to 4.45 cm in diameter, whereas fine roots were less than 5 mm in diameter. To discriminate between maintenance and growth respiration, root respiration rates were measured during aboveground growing periods and dormant periods. An additional measurement of coarse root respiration was made during spring leaf flush, to evaluate the effect of mobilization of resources for leaf expansion on root respiration. Fine roots respired at much higher rates than coarse roots, with a mean rate at 15 degrees C of 1290 micromol CO2 m-3 s-1 during the growing period, and 660 micromol CO2 m-3 s-1 during the dormant period. The temperature response of fine root respiration rate was nonlinear: mean Q10 was 3.90 for measurements made at 5-15 degrees C and 2.19 for measurements made at 15-25 degrees C. Coarse root respiration rates measured at 15 degrees C in late fall (dormant season) were higher (370 micromol CO2 m-3 s-1) than rates from roots collected at leaf flush and early summer (200 micromol CO2 m-3 s-1). The higher respiration rates in late fall, which were accompanied by decreased total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations, suggest that respiration rates in late fall included growth expenditures, reflecting recent radial growth. Neither bud flush nor shoot growth of the trees caused an increase in coarse root respiration or a decrease in TNC concentrations, suggesting a limited role of coarse roots as reserve storage organs for spring shoot growth, and a lack of synchronization between above- and belowground growth. Pooling the data from the coarse and fine roots showed a positive correlation between nitrogen concentration and respiration rate.     

Wear of tungsten carbide tipped circular saws in cutting particleboard: Effect of carbide grain size on wear characteristics

Summary In order to study the wear of tungsten carbide tipped circular saws, three kinds of carbide tips (fine, medium and coarse grained ones) were employed, when sawing particleboards. The saw with coarse grained carbide tips showed the longest working life, while the fine-grained carbide tipped saw retained its usefulness for only a short period of sawing. In an experiment using a saw with all three kinds of carbide tips, it was also confirmed that the fine grained tips wore most and the coarse least. From the observations of the worn tips, it was found that the wear boundary on the clearance face was quite distinct for these tips, although for the fine grained one it was remarkably indented. There were many striations on the wear surface of the fine grained tip, but they scarcely appeared on those of the other two tips. The wear mechanism and the wearing process of the carbide tips are discussed.This paper was presented at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society at Tokyo, April, 1972The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. T. Kawakita, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., for supplying the carbide tips and to Mr. M. Hiraiwa, Nittokukan Saw Mfg. Co., Ltd., for manufacturing the saws. They are also greatly indebted to Dr. H. Saiki, Wood Structure Laboratory, Kyoto University, for taking scanning electron micrographs and for his valuable advice. This investigation was supported in part by Grants in Aid for Scientific Research in 1972 and 1973 from the Ministry of Education, Japan     

黄快杨试管苗生根及移栽成活率的研究

对黄快杨试管苗诱导生根和移栽进行试验研究,结果表明:以1/2MS+IBA0.05+NAA0.01为生根培养基,平均每株生根数为6.9个,根长为1.6 cm,根较粗壮,有侧根,较少产生愈伤组织,移栽后成活率较高。移栽基质分别采用珍珠岩(粗:细为1:1)、蛭石、蛭石:珍珠岩(1:1)、粗珍珠岩、细珍珠岩,其中,以珍珠岩作为基质的移栽成活率较高,尤以粗颗粒的珍珠岩基质最好,移栽成活率可达98.2%。     

Regrowth and dry matter allocation in Quercus robur (L.) seedlings root pruned prior to transplanting

Two-year seedlings of Quercus robur (pedunculateoak) were root-pruned before transplanting in order toevaluate the importance of coarse versus fine roots onregrowth. Root systems were pruned by leaving c. 19,13 or 7 cm root from the root collar. Alternatively,coarse roots (>2 mm in diameter) were removed, leaving only the taproot and the fine roots (<2 mm)attached, or fine roots were removed from coarse rootsand taproot. Growth of shoots and roots after onegrowing season was compared to an unpruned controlunder standard nursery conditions. Seedlings rootpruned to 19, 13 or 7 cm were further tested undercompetition achieved by transplanting into a mixtureof clover and grass. Pruning of the root systemsignificantly reduced regrowth in terms of total plantDW in accordance with the severity of pruning, shootDW being more affected than root DW. Removal of coarseroots depressed final root DW whereas removal of fineroots reduced shoot DW and hence root:shoot ratioincreased. The study suggests that fine and coarseroots have different roles in root:shoot allocation.The competition test increased root:shoot ratioindicating that competition induced seedlings toallocate more of their resources into growth of theroot system.     

Upgrading of urea formaldehyde-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards using silane coupling agents

Reed and wheat straw particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were manufactured from two different material configurations (i.e., fine and coarse particles). The board densities were in the range of 0.550–.90g/cm³. The effects of particle size and board density on the board properties were examined. The properties of particleboard produced from fine particles were better than those made from coarse particles. An increase in board density resulted in a corresponding improvement in the board properties. The properties of OF bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards were relatively lower than those of commercial particleboards. Three silane coupling agents were used to improve the bondability between the reed and wheat particles and OF resin. Results of this study indicate that all the board properties were improved by the addition of silane coupling agent. The degree of improvement achieved from each coupling agent was different; epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw particleboard, and amino silane was better for wheat straw particleboard.     

林龄对思茅松人工林根系生物量的影响

[目的]以云南省普洱市主要植被思茅松人工林为研究对象,探讨不同林龄思茅松人工林根系生物量的大小分布及变化特征。[方法]分别在5、8、15、25、36年生思茅松人工林内,利用内径为8.5 cm的根钻分3层(0~10、10~20、20~30 cm)获取思茅松与其它物种的细根、粗根及死根生物量数据。[结果]表明:随着思茅松人工林林龄的增长,思茅松细根生物量呈减少的趋势,而其它物种细根生物量呈增加趋势,细根生物量最大出现在36年生思茅松人工林。不同林龄思茅松人工林的思茅松粗根和死根生物量之间无显著差异,而其它物种及林分的粗根生物量和根系生物量则随林龄增长而增加。思茅松人工林的细根生物量主要分布在土壤深度0~10 cm内,其中,思茅松、其它物种、林分细根生物量以及根系生物量随土层深度的增加呈减少趋势。林龄和土壤深度对思茅松与其它物种的细根生物量有显著影响,林龄与土壤深度的交叉作用对思茅松细根生物量有显著影响,林龄对死根生物量有显著影响,林龄、土壤深度及林龄与土壤深度的交叉作用对粗根与根系的生物量有显著影响。[结论]思茅松人工林随着林龄增长,群落结构与树种组成随之发生变化,从而对根系生物量产生较大影响。     

Seasonal changes in above- and belowground carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine along a pollution gradient

Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate concentration in coarse and fine roots, stem or bole, and foliage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) were described across five tree-age classes from seedlings to mature trees at an atmospherically clean site. Relative to all other tree-age classes, seedlings exhibited greater tissue carbohydrate concentration in stems and foliage, and greater shifts in the time at which maximum and minimum carbohydrate concentration occurred. To determine the effect of environmental stressors on tissue carbohydrate concentration, two tree-age classes (40-year-old and mature) were compared at three sites along a well-established, long-term O3 and N deposition gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Maximum carbohydrate concentration of 1-year-old needles declined with increasing pollution exposure in both tree-age classes. Maximum fine root monosaccharide concentration was depressed for both 40-year-old and mature trees at the most polluted site. Maximum coarse and fine root starch concentrations were significantly depressed at the most polluted site in mature trees. Maximum bole carbohydrate concentration of 40-year-old trees was greater for the two most polluted sites relative to the cleanest site: the bole appeared to be a storage organ at sites where high O3 and high N deposition decreased root biomass.