我国百里香属植物资源调查分析

在资料分析、实地考察和引种栽培基础上,对我国11个省(自治区)32个县(市)分布的百里香属野生植物资源进行了研究。结果表明:我国现有记载百里香属植物资源为17种2变种,主要分布于北纬32°～48°、东经82°～133°之间,不同种间常具有一定的分布范围、海拔、气候及生境特点。该研究将为今后我国百里香属植物资源的深入研究、科学开发及多样性保护工作奠定一定基础。     

可食可赏的保健花卉——百里香

正百里香为唇形花科百里香属草本植物,多年生呈亚灌木。原产地中海沿岸,风行于欧美地区。我国已有引进栽培种植。喜凉爽气候,比较耐寒。百里香多分枝,匍匐或斜向上生长。叶小,椭圆形,数量多。春季开花,花朵小,淡紫色。小坚果近圆形、光滑。常见栽培的有百里香、宽叶百里香、柠檬百里香、浓香百里香、铺地百里香等。百里香繁殖可以采用扦插繁殖、分株繁殖、压条或播种繁殖。而家庭繁殖一般采用扦插繁殖。播种可于春、秋两季进行,分株及压条繁殖则可在早     

芳香植物野生资源百里香的抗氧化性研究

为了证明野生百里香是否具有抗氧化性作用,通过百里香粉末及其水蒸气蒸馏提取物对猪油的抗氧化性实验,对百里香的抗氧化性进行了初步研究,实验结果表明百里香粉末及其水蒸气蒸馏提取物具有抗氧化性作用,其粉末的抗氧化性比蒸馏提取物的抗氧化性更加明显和稳定。研究百里香的抗氧化性将为天然抗氧化剂的开发利用提供理论参考。     

几种植物精油对冬枣病原菌的抑菌试验

以冬枣为试材,从发病的冬枣上提取出病原菌,并进行分离纯化和鉴定,明确导致冬枣发病的病原菌主要为酵母菌和根霉菌。使用滤纸片法测定5种植物精油(罗勒精油、松红梅精油、薰衣草精油、红百里香精油、迷迭香精油)对酵母菌和根霉菌的抑菌活性,结果表明:红百里香精油对酵母菌和根霉菌都具有很强的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径为(22.43±0.06)mm和(23.48±0.06)mm。另外,采用试管浓度稀释法对5种植物精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)进行了测定,得知红百里香精油对酵母菌的MIC值是0.625μL/mL,MBC值是1.25μL/mL;对根霉菌的MIC是0.625μL/mL,MBC值是2.5μL/mL。     

百里香在乌兰察布市园林绿化中的应用前景

百里香为乌兰察布市本地野生植物种质资源,存在2个变种,作为园林地被植物具有很大优势。乌兰察布市地处中温带,极端低温-39℃,所用地被植物种类较少,将百里香应用于本地的园林绿化,可以丰富园林地被植物种类,丰富园林景观效果。本文阐述了百里香的生物学特征种类与分布,分析百里香在乌兰察布市园林绿化中的应用情况,提出了百里香在乌兰察布市园林绿化中的应用前景。     

淡紫杜鹃典型植物群落结构及其多样性特征分析

以百里杜鹃自然保护区淡紫杜鹃为研究对象，采用野外植物群落调研方法，在保护区内设置1个10 m×20 m的样地，研究了淡紫杜鹃群落结构和多样性特征，以期为百里杜鹃有效保护种质资源和生物多样性等提供参考依据。结果表明：1)样地内共有维管束植物24科32属47种，群落中植物优势科为蔷薇科和杜鹃花科；只出现1个种的科和属较多；2)群落垂直结构为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3个层次，群落乔木层植物以迷人杜鹃为优势种，白栎为亚优势种，灌木层中淡紫杜鹃占优势地位。     

甘肃金昌地区16种香草植物引种初探

以引种的16种香草植物为试验材料,通过观察其生长习性、花期、抗逆性等特征,对各种因素进行初步综合评价,初步筛选出适宜金昌地区栽培的香草植物。结果表明,黄金艾草、百里香、果香菊、猫薄荷、莳萝、奥勒冈、洋甘菊等7种香草植物表现出较强适应性。     

铺地百里香增殖培养基优化研究

利用L9(34)正交设计,研究了4种不同因素:IBA、6-BA、蔗糖含量及活性炭含量配合使用对铺地百里香增殖快繁培养的影响.经直观分析、方差分析和多重比较进行综合评价,筛选出最佳铺地百里香增殖培养基为MS IBA 1.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖20%.     

长白山区野生地椒百里香嫩枝扦插繁殖研究

以长白山区野生地椒百里香为试材,研究了不同浓度、不同生长调节剂、不同时间处理对地椒百里香嫩枝扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:植物生长调节剂对平均生根率的影响为ABTNAAIBA,分别为94.22%、90.69%、81.33%。但是嫩枝扦插后根部长势最好在NAA1 000mg/L(1s)。因此,长白山区野生地椒百里香嫩枝扦插时,建议选择ABT生根剂。选用ABT生根剂时,处理浓度间差异不大,但浓度500mg/L(2min)时优于其它处理组。当选用NAA溶液时,处理浓度间差异较大,且随着处理浓度的增加效果更佳,最佳处理为1 000mg/L(1s)。当选用IBA溶液时,随着浓度增加,生根率及根部长势越差,50mg/L(12h)为最佳处理。     

沽源坝上草原野生观赏植物资源调查与应用研究

以沽源坝上草原进行野生资源为调查对象,采用资料查阅与野外调查相结合的方法,提出坝上草原地区具有观赏价值的观赏植物85种,观赏植物隶属30个科68个属。根据观赏植物的应用类型,统计了应用于观花、地被和观赏草的野生观赏植物资源,分别有35种、32种和18种,重点提出观花植物中以草甸草原的金莲花、缬草为代表,地被植物中以干草原中的马蔺、鹅绒委陵菜为代表,岩石园植物材料以山地草原中的糖芥、百里香为代表,以及观赏草资源中以芨芨草、羊胡子草等为代表的具有开发利用潜力的观赏植物资源,旨在为北方城市园林绿化及城郊生态建设提供新优观赏植物资源。     

Assessment of urban forestry research and research needs in Nordic and Baltic countries

A review of research and research needs in urban forestry was carried out in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden during 2005. A questionnaire addressing post-2000 and ongoing research was sent to 146 researchers and generated 76 completed questionnaires. Universities were found to lead urban forestry research, while municipalities headed funding organisations in terms of number of projects funded. Planning, ecological and management aspects were the most common research themes, but socially oriented research also played an important role. The research needs questionnaire was sent to 192 key research actors (assignors, users and researchers), resulting in 63 completed needs assessments. The research themes of ‘urban forest management’, ‘social and cultural values’ and ‘urban forest and green planning’ were prioritised for future research. Comparison of ongoing research and research needs showed discrepancies, as ongoing research does not always cover the same themes identified as primary research needs. Priorities for future research as identified by the research community respective those assigning and using research also differed. Economic assessment of benefits, for example, scored much higher as a need among researchers than other respondents. In terms of present weaknesses in the research ‘infrastructure’, research actors emphasised lack of funding, fragmentation of research and insufficient critical mass. The region's urban forestry research can be enhanced and made more meaningful by strengthening national and international networking within the research community, across disciplines, as well as between researchers and those commissioning and using research.     

Clarifying Integrative Research Concepts in Landscape Ecology

Integrative research approaches are intensely discussed in landscape ecology, in academia and in research policy. However, confusion over the terminology hampers communication. Many current landscape ecological research projects have difficulties to agree on a common understanding of the core concepts associated with different forms of integrative research. This is also evidenced by the lack of discussion of integrative research concepts in published papers. This hinders integration in research projects and makes the comparison and evaluation of the outcomes of different research concepts impossible. This paper discusses and defines the meanings of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (= integrative) research approaches to ease discourse on their application in landscape ecological research. It reviews definitions of the concepts found in the research literature and develops definitions of integrative and associated research concepts (disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity) based on their degree of disciplinary integration and involvement of non-academics. Integrative concepts are viewed as a continuum rather than as fixed categories. The paper discusses the need to develop integrative theory and methods and argues that we should be more explicit when using integrative research concepts in project proposals, project work and publications. Finally, the paper reflects on the ongoing discussion in landscape ecology concerning whether it is developing from an integrative research field towards a discipline in its own right.     

Making ecological science policy-relevant: issues of scale and disciplinary integration

In this paper, we ask why so much ecological scientific research does not have a greater policy impact in the UK. We argue that there are two potentially important and related reasons for this failing. First, much current ecological science is not being conducted at a scale that is readily meaningful to policy-makers. Second, to make much of this research policy-relevant requires collaborative interdisciplinary research between ecologists and social scientists. However, the challenge of undertaking useful interdisciplinary research only re-emphasises the problems of scale: ecologists and social scientists traditionally frame their research questions at different scales and consider different facets of natural resource management, setting different objectives and using different language. We argue that if applied ecological research is to have greater impact in informing environmental policy, much greater attention needs to be given to the scale of the research efforts as well as to the interaction with social scientists. Such an approach requires an adjustment in existing research and funding infrastructures.     

Mapping research priorities for green and public urban space in the UK

Research mapping is a method of organising research information as part of a process of formulating a research policy in a specific area. A research mapping project was undertaken in the UK, which aimed to map existing and future research into public and green space, to identify gaps in order to help set priorities for future research, and to develop a freely accessible and searchable database of this research. The mapping was structured around two axes. The first axis was of research themes based on The Value of Public Space but developed further and broken down into sub-themes. The second axis was a typology of green and public space based around Planning and Policy Guidance Note 17 (PPG17) with elaboration from Green Spaces, Better Places. Research dating back to 10 years was collected together with information on recently completed, ongoing and planned UK research. Only research meeting specific quality criteria was included. Some information was also collected at a seminar where attendees from a range of organisations were invited to offer their perspectives on where research priorities should be directed. All the material was analysed and the main trends were identified. Three key cross-cutting themes common to much of the research were identified. These are the general lack of baseline surveys against which to assess progress over time; methodological issues, especially the need to standardise data collection methods and techniques; the classification of social groups, currently considered to be too crude.It was found that most research has been undertaken on physical aspects, such as planning and on biodiversity. Economic values have also been a focus, but on a smaller scale. Social research is quite well covered but very patchy. Management is better covered than maintenance. By far the weakest area represented in the research is health and well-being, both in terms of social groups and types of green space. Priorities for further research were then identified.     

Urban forest research in the Mediterranean: A systematic review

The Mediterranean region is facing many challenges, some of which can be addressed by nature-based solutions such as urban forests and green space. However, at best, urban forest research from Mediterranean countries has been only briefly addressed in review papers up to date. This Scopus-based review paper provides first insights into the development of urban forest research in the Mediterranean in the 20-year period from 1996 to 2015. The purpose of the review was to a) analyse distribution of urban forest research in the Mediterranean and identify countries that are forerunners based on the number of publications, b) to analyse distribution of research themes across the Mediterranean and per country, and hence point to research gaps and needs. Researchers from Italy, Turkey and Spain were the most productive in the analysed period. Research is mainly concentrated in the North, while it is scarce to non-existent in South and Eastern Mediterranean countries (excluding Turkey and Greece). Papers dealing with pollution, human health and sociocultural values were the most frequent. Some countries exhibited research specialisation with regard to certain themes. For instance Italian researchers mostly focused on topics related to pollution and urban forest management, the majority of Spanish papers addressed urban forests in the context of human health, while sociocultural values were the main research theme for researchers from Turkey. Papers were analysed also based on research methods, approaches and study locations. Suggested future research includes analysis of the quality of knowledge related to urban forests in the Mediterranean as well as of collaboration between researchers, research institutions and countries.     

冬瓜育种基础研究进展

综述了近年来国内外冬瓜育种的相关基础研究进展,包括种质遗传多样性分析、抗病性研究、遗传图谱构建、基因组测序和主要性状研究等方面,分析了目前冬瓜育种研究存在的问题并提出建议,旨在为今后冬瓜育种发展提供理论与实践参考。     

杜仲降血压成分提取方法的研究进展

杜仲具有降血压作用,现对其降血压成分及黄酮和绿原酸的提取、分离工艺进行概述,以期为今后杜仲降血压成分的提取研究提供理论依据.     

生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献计量分析

为系统梳理生物炭对土壤微生物活动、群落等方面影响的研究进展和未来发展趋势,以2007-2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库中针对生物炭调控土壤微生物的文献为样本,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对文献的年发文量、研究力量和研究热点进行了可视化分析。从论文数量和质量来看,近年来以生物炭为主题对土壤微生物研究的发文数量呈现急剧增长趋势,发文数量最多的国家是中国和美国。文献排名TOP 10的科研机构有中国科学院、浙江大学和康奈尔大学等,作者分析显示科研团队之间存在深入的学术交流。基于关键词聚类分析和突现词分析,研究主题热点集中在不同材质、温度等条件制备的生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构、细菌和古菌的影响。该领域未来应更加注重生物炭改变土壤微生物的内在机理研究,提高生物炭和土壤微生物的联合作用关注度。     

食用菌菌渣理化性质及利用途径研究进展

为了促进食用菌菌渣的高效利用，在介绍食用菌菌渣理化性质的基础上，从食用菌栽培再利用及用作饲料、肥料、生态环境的修复材料等方面综述了食用菌菌渣利用途径的研究进展，指出菌渣利用中存在的理化性质研究薄弱、研究应用缺乏协作、应用性研究不足等问题，并提出发展建议，如加深基础研究；加强学科间的融合和行业间的合作；加强菌渣利用的应用研究等。综合来看，食用菌菌渣的高效应用前景广阔。     

基于CiteSpace可视化分析的我国新一轮退耕还林工程发展脉络及展望

为进一步发掘新一轮退耕还林工程的研究热点及趋势,以新一轮退耕还林为主题,基于2012-2022年CNKI平台中的数据库,取300条样本,运用CiteSpace可视化分析的方法,深入解析我国新一轮退耕还林相关研究,包括研究机构合作网络、作者合作网络、关键词聚类图谱、关键词时区图谱和关键词突现图谱等方面。结果表明：(1)有关退耕还林的相关文献数量呈现先增加后下降的趋势。(2)有关我国新一轮退耕还林的研究文献主要围绕“后续产业”“农户收入”“生态效益”等问题展开,高频关键词显示新一轮退耕还林需要转变发展方式,要向高质量、可持续发展的方向转变,一味地扩大生态林规模并不可取。(3)退耕还林研究以对社会经济状况与初期退耕还林措施的综合改进分析为始发点,逐渐转变为以社会经济和生态效益的相互交织并存,并逐渐向以生态效益为主题逐步细分进行发展。所以,科研理念、方法之间的交融与并行以及怎样继续巩固和拓展退耕还林成果,如何合理的扩大退耕还林规模、保障农村环境安全、提高退耕农户增收,成为了今后科学研究发展的重要关键。