影响种公猪精液品质的因素及对策

正精液品质是实现公猪繁殖力的重要指标,首先要根据颜色、气味、数量进行眼观评价;其次要借助特殊工具进行微观评价,如精子活力精子密度、畸形率、凝集状况等。公猪精液品质不良常表现在以下几个方面。1射精量不足正常公猪的射精量在150~250毫升高的可达到600毫升。射精量既受品种、年龄、体格、个体差异等因素的影响,也受季节、管理方式、小气候条件的影响。如果一     

公猪射精量的观察

在保证精液品质的前提下,公猪的射精量越大,其利用率越高。施行人工授精时,作用更为明显。公猪的射精量大小,因品种、年龄、季节而异。作者在广州市畜牧场对公猪的射精现象进行了五年的观察,整理了8个品种和杂种的24头公猪1,623次的采精记录,写成本文,对公猪的射精量,作了一般性的探讨。     

规模化猪场种公猪的精细化饲养管理

<正>种公猪在养猪生产中非常重要,俗语说的好"母猪好好一窝,公猪好好满坡"。正确精细化饲养管理是影响种公猪利用的重要因素,因此在生产中要重视种公猪的饲养管理,从而提高使用效率,现将规模化猪场种公猪的精细化饲养管理报道如下。1掌握生产和营养需要特点1.1生产特点种公猪参与配种具有射精量大、本交配种时间长的特点。正常情况下每次射精量为300~400 mL,精     

采精公猪常见问题解决办法

随着猪人工授精工作的普遍推广,公猪在采精过程中时常出现这样那样的问题,集中表现在采精量少、采精困难、死精、少精或无精、血精等。作者通过调查、学习和总结,提出一些见解,与同仁们商讨。1采精量少公猪的射精量在过滤后平均200毫升,高的可以达到400毫升以上,如果过滤后采精量低于100毫升,就属于采精量偏少现象。1.1种公猪个体差异。产精性能不好,射精量少且精液品质低劣,这类公猪不适宜作采精用,予以淘汰。一般公猪的精液密度是2亿/毫升,有些公猪精液密度较大,甚至高于3亿/毫升,虽然射精量少,但其有效精子数量不少于正常公猪,仍可以留用…     

光照与公猪的繁殖性能

生产实践表明,季节因素对公猪的繁殖性能有明显的影响。在冬季,公猪的一次射精量、精子密度、一次射精精子总数、运动精子总数及标准剂量份数均高与于春夏季。据分析认为,这主要是由光照造成的。通过试验测定出了最适宜的光照时间是每天8～     

种公猪的饲养管理

1.饲料要全面。种公猪的射精量比其他家畜高,一般情况下每次射精200～400毫升,高的达800～900毫升。因此,公猪日粮中的粗蛋白含量不能低于15％,每公斤配合饲料的消化能为3080大卡。体重200公斤的公猪,配种期每日约需配合料2.5～3.5公斤。为了预防种公猪因缺乏维生素A、C、E而影响精液品质,每日还要补充青绿多汁饲料4～5公     

抗热应激处理对种公猪繁殖性能的影响研究

试验通过提高能量和蛋白质水平以及添加抗应激物质来缓解热应激以提高种猪繁殖性能。试验将16头公猪随机分成4组,每个组4个重复,每个重复一头公猪,根据NRC(1998)和本猪场实际生产需要,在此基础上对能量和蛋白质水平进行调整,以及添加抗应激物质。实验设计见表。对照组Ⅰ(基础日粮),试验Ⅱ组:在基础日粮中添加3%油脂(植物油),试验Ⅲ组:在基础日粮中添加3%油脂(植物油)和提高日粮的2%粗蛋白质水平,试验Ⅳ组:在基础日粮中添加抗应激复合维生素900mg/kg(组成:Va:Vc:Ve为1:1:1)。试验:在公猪开始射精时间方面:试验Ⅱ组与对照Ⅰ组相比,在热应激条件下提高能量水平对种公猪开始射精时间影响差异不显著(p0.05)。试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组与对照Ⅰ组相比开始射精时间略有增加,但影响差异都不显著(p0.05)。在公猪射精量方面:试验Ⅱ组与对照Ⅰ组相比,在热应激条件下提高能量水平对种公猪射精量有所提高,但影响差异不显著(p0.05)。试验Ⅲ组与对照Ⅰ组相比,在热应激条件下提高蛋白质和能量水平可以提高种公猪的射精量,差异显著(p0.05)。试验Ⅲ组与试验Ⅱ组相比,提高蛋白水平可以增加种公猪的射精量。在精液产量方面:试验Ⅳ组与对照Ⅰ组相比,在热应激条件下添加抗热应激物质,可以缓解热应激给种公猪带来的影响,从而提高精液的产量,并且影响差异显著(p0.05)。在精子密度方面:对照Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅳ组之间影响差异不显著(p0.05)。试验Ⅲ组与对照Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅳ组相比精子密度显著增大,影响差异显著(p0.05)。试验说明提高蛋白水平可以增加精液的精子密度。     

种公猪的饲粮与饲养

1.种公猪的饲粮。在配制种公猪的饲粮时,着重要考虑它对蛋白质的特殊需要。因为种公猪1次射精量一般能达到200～400毫升,优秀个体能高达800～900毫升。比其他家畜都多。而蛋白质是精液中干物质的主要成分。饲粮中提供一定数量的全价优质蛋白质,对增加种公猪的射精量、提高精液品质和延长精子寿命都有很大作用。因此,必须保证种公猪对蛋白质的需要。种公猪饲粮中粗蛋白质含量在15％左右为宜。同时,种公猪每次     

种公猪的饲养管理

种公猪是繁殖群遗传组成的一半,对猪群品质有巨大的影响。因此,应对种公猪精心管理,最大限度的发挥其遗传潜能。1合理饲养1.1满足蛋白质营养需要蛋白质对种公猪精液数量和质量影响非常大,一般引进品种每次射精量为350mL左右,精液中于物质约5%,蛋白质约为3.7%,所以公猪日粮必须给     

种公猪的饲养管理

种公猪是繁殖群遗传组成的一半,对猪群品质有巨大的影响。因此,应对种公猪精心管理,最大限度的发挥其遗传潜能。1合理饲养1.1满足蛋白质营养需要蛋白质对种公猪精液数量和质量影响非常大,一般引进品种每次射精量为350mL左右,精液中于物质约5%,蛋白质约为3.7%,     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …