Evaluation of the self-bonding ability of sugi and application of sugi powder as a binder for plywood

Binderless particleboards were manufactured from sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood and sapwood by hot-pressing (pressure: 5 MPa; temperatures: 180°, 200°, and 220°C; times: 10, 20, and 30 min), and the board properties [internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA)] were investigated to evaluate the self-bonding ability. The IB, TS, and WA of the boards from sugi heartwood were better than those of the boards from sugi sapwood at any hot-pressing condition. Therefore, it was suggested that the self-bonding ability of sugi heartwood was superior to that of sugi sapwood. Then, sugi heartwood and sapwood powder with grain size 10 βm were used as a binder for plywoods. Four kinds of plywood were manufactured from the combination of powder and veneer, both of which were prepared from sugi heartwood and sapwood under the same hot-pressing conditions as the binderless particleboard, and the adhesive shear strength and wood failure of the plywood were investigated. As a result, the plywood composed of sugi heartwood veneer met the second grade of JAS for plywood, when either powder was used as a binder, when they were pressed at 200°C for 20–30 min and 220°C for 10 min.     

生产工艺对巨尾桉/聚乙烯膜复合材料质量的影响

采用巨尾桉基材、胶合剂聚乙烯膜制备三层木塑复合材料,分析热压温度、热压时间、热压压力、施胶量这四个因素对复合材料胶合强度的影响。结果表明：在热压温度160℃、热压时间50s/mm、热压压力0.7MPa、施胶量为119g/m2的工艺条件下,巨尾桉/聚乙烯膜复合材料的胶合性能最优,能够达到II类胶合板标准。     

无醛大豆胶制备胶合板工艺及性能探究

采用生物基无醛大豆胶,通过胶合板厂现有设备对大豆胶合板的制备工艺参数进行系列实验表明:杨木胶合板最佳涂胶量为340g/m~2(双面涂胶,下同)、热压温度105℃;桉木胶合板最佳涂胶量为380g/m~2、热压温度110℃;在1～6h闭口陈化时间内,杨木、桉木胶合板的胶合强度均略有降低,但均可制备出满足国家二类板强度要求的胶合板材。实际应用过程中,我们可以根据实际情况调整上述制备工艺,以达到最佳效果。同时,利用生物基无醛大豆胶制备的板材具有较好的耐久性。     

Ionic liquids as formaldehyde-free wood adhesives

Several ionic liquids promote depolymerization of wood components, i.e., polysaccharides and lignin, into low molecular weight compounds, some of which further re-polymerize into resin-like compounds. In this study, the depolymerization/re-polymerization of wood components in ionic liquids was applied to preparation of plywoods from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) veneers by employing ionic liquids as adhesives. The adhesive solution was prepared by mixing an ionic liquid (pyridine hydrochloride ([Py][Cl]), imidazole hydrochloride ([IM][Cl]), or 1-ethylpyridinium chloride ([EtPy][Cl])) with water and d-glucose in various weight ratios. Tensile shear test of the three-ply plywoods prepared from the veneers and the adhesive solution through hot-pressing indicated that the plywood bonded with the [IM][Cl]-based solution ([IM][Cl]/water/glucose ratio: 9/3/2) exhibited the highest strength. Scanning electron microscope observation on the plywoods suggested that the ionic liquids softened the cell walls of the probably plywood through the depolymerization/re-polymerization reactions and the cell walls were compressed during the hot-pressing process. Entwining of the compressed cell walls and van der Waals force enhanced by the compression were considered to be origins of the adhesion of the veneers.     

油菜籽蛋白-丙烯酸酯乳液共混胶黏剂的制备

将油菜籽蛋白和丙烯酸酯乳液共混制备胶黏剂,以其代替部分醛类胶黏剂用于胶合板生产。采用单因素试验方法,确定油菜籽蛋白和丙烯酸酯乳液添加比例;采用正交试验方法,优化该胶黏剂制备胶合板工艺;通过热重分析评价胶黏剂的热稳定性。结果表明:油菜籽蛋白与丙烯酸酯乳液配比为8∶2,胶合板制备理想的热压工艺为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)添加量4%、热压温度140℃、热压时间700s、热压压力0.8MPa,板材剪切强度1.71MPa,符合GB/T9846—2015《普通胶合板》中Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。     

Development of binderless fiberboard from kenaf core

Binderless fiberboards with densities of 0.3 and 0.5 g/cm³ were developed from kenaf core material using the conventional dry-manufacturing process. The effects of steam pressure (0.4–0.8 MPa) and cooking time (10–30 min) in the refining process, fiber moisture content (MC) (10%, 30%), and hot-pressing time (3–10 min) on the board properties were investigated. The results showed that kenaf core binderless fiberboards manufactured with high steam pressure and long cooking time during the refining process had high internal bond (IB) strength, low thickness swelling (TS), but low bending strength values. The binderless fiberboards made from 30% MC fibers showed better mechanical and dimensional properties than those from air-dried fibers. Hot-pressing time was found to have little effect on the IB value of the binderless board at the refining conditions of 0.8 MPa/20 min, but longer pressing time resulted in lower TS. At a density of 0.5 g/cm³, binderless fiberboard with the refining conditions of 0.8 MPa/20 min recorded a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 12 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1.7 GPa, IB of 0.43 MPa, and 12% TS under the optimum board manufacturing conditions. Part of this article was presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hokkaido, August 3–5, 2004     

三种松木单板的胶合工艺条件和胶合性能的改善

用ＵＦ、ＭＵＦ胶制作三种松木胶合板，分别就单板厚度、涂胶量及抽提物含量对胶合性能的影响，松木与柳安混合树种组坯、特殊添加剂对改善胶合性能的作用进行了研究。结果表明：除了老挝松边材ＭＵＦ胶合板以外，１．５和２．０ｍｍ厚的单板胶合强度均达到或超过日本ＪＡＳ普通胶合板的要求。合板胶合强度随单板厚度增加而下降，在一定范围内增加涂胶量可以提高合板胶合强度，混合组坯及施加特殊添加剂具有改善松木单板胶合性能的作用。     

阻燃桉树胶合板的初步研究

以磷酸二氢铵（MAP）溶液为阻燃剂,通过浸泡尾叶桉单板,研究了单板的载药量;以Ⅱ类胶合强度为指标,利用正交试验对常规胶合板生产工艺进行了优选。在此基础上,选取浸泡时间和最优生产工艺试制了阻燃桉树胶合板,并对其Ⅱ类胶合强度和燃烧性能进行了检测。结果表明：不同厚度尾叶桉单板的载药量随浸泡时间的延长呈现相似的增长规律;试验所得常规尾叶桉胶合板最优生产工艺为施胶量210 g.m-2、热压温度130℃、热压时间8 min,该条件下胶合板的Ⅱ类胶合强度达到了2.01 MPa;单板浸泡8h后,单板平均载药量为32.05 kg.m-3,所制得阻燃胶合板氧指数提高了13.9%,炭化长度减少了8.3 mm（26.2%）,阻燃性能明显提高,而胶合强度也达到了Ⅱ类胶合板的国家标准。研究初步证明利用常规桉树胶合板生产工艺生产阻燃桉树胶合板是可行的。     

氧等离子体改性酶解木质素/杨木纤维复合材料热压工艺研究

采用响应面法优化了氧等离子体改性酶解木质素/杨木纤维复合材料的热压工艺参数。结果表明,纤维含水率和热压温度对复合材料的物理力学性能有显著影响。优化后的热压工艺参数范围为:热压温度205～210℃,纤维含水率17%～20%,热压时间63～68 s/mm。     

Evaluation of rolling shear strength of plywood by flexural vibration method

The rolling shear strength of plywood was evaluated using a flexural vibration test. Test specimens were lauan and Douglas fir three-ply plywoods made from thick veneers. The dynamic shear and Young's moduli were determined using the flexural vibration method, which involved in-plane and out-of-plane flexural vibration. The rolling shear strength was determined using the static destructive method, which is dependent on the direction of the lathe check in the core veneer. Before and after accelerated aging treatments were conducted, there were relations between out-of-plane dynamic properties (out-of-plane shear and Young's moduli) and its rolling shear strength. It was concluded that the rolling shear strength is related not only to the shear property of the core but the flexural stiffness of two faces when the deformation of out-of-plane plywood was not restrained.Part of this work was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of The Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

落叶松树皮碱抽出物胶粘剂的研究

研究了落叶松树皮碱抽出物制造胶粘剂的生产工艺。碱抽出物胶粘剂压制的桦木，杨木三合板的检测结果，符合国家标准Ⅰ类板的质量要求，并对胶粘剂的经济效益进行了分析。     

Bond durability of kenaf core binderless boards II: outdoor exposure test

An outdoor exposure test was conducted on kenaf core binderless boards (pressing temperatures 200°, 180°, and 160°C; pressing pressure 3.0 MPa, time 10 min, target board thickness 5 mm, target board density 0.8 g/cm³) to estimate their bond durability. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding strength (IB), thickness change, weight loss, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and color difference (ΔE*) by the CIE L^*a^*b^* system were measured at various outdoor exposure periods up to 19 months. These values were then compared with those of a commercial medium-density fiberboard (MDF; melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin; thickness 9.0 mm, density 0.75 g/cm³). Generally, dimensional stability and the retention ratios of MOR, MOE, and IB after the outdoor exposure test increased with increased pressing temperature of binderless boards. The MOR retention ratio of the kenaf core binderless boards with a pressing temperature of 200°C was 59.5% after 12 months of outdoor exposure, which was slightly lower than that of the MDF (75.6% after 11 months of outdoor exposure). Despite this, the bond durability of the kenaf core binderless boards should be viewed as favorable, especially when considering the fact that the retention ratio of 59.5% was achieved without binder and without obvious element loss. Part of this report was presented at the International Symposium on Wood Science and Technology, IAWPS2005, November 27-30, 2005, Yokohama, Japan     

Self-bonding characteristics of binderless kenaf core composites

We investigated optimum self-bonding conditions of kenaf core composites manufactured by steam treatment, and discussed on the roles of cinnamic acids in the self-bonding mechanism. The presence of cinnamic acids in the kenaf core and its composites were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry in the presence of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH/Py-GC-MS). The results showed that the optimum bonding properties of kenaf core composites were achieved under these conditions: steam pressure of 0.8–1.0 MPa and pressing time of 10–15 min were able to provide shear strength of 0.40–0.42 MPa while having 2–5% of weight loss. Lignin analysis showed that steam-treated kenaf core composites had a lower proportion of syringyl- to guaiacyl-derived moieties and also cinnamic acids to guaiacyl-derived moieties than its native counterpart. The results indicated that some parts of the ester-linked cinnamic acids were also cleaved due to the degradation of hemicelluloses and lignin during steam treatment. Based on these results, it was concluded that in addition to three main components, the cinnamic acid was also suggested to participate in the self-bonding mechanism of non-wood lignocellulosic binderless boards.     

杉木胶合板热压工艺研究

采用涂胶量、热压温度、热压压力、加压时间等4因素3水平的L9(34)正交试验,探讨以杉木间伐材和非规格材为原料制作杉木胶合板的热压工艺。结果表明:采用涂胶量280 g.m-2、热压温度125℃、热压压力1.0 MPa、热压时间1 m in.mm-1,制作出的杉木胶合板胶合强度达到GB/T 9846-2004中Ⅱ类胶合板的指标要求。     

电磁屏蔽功能胶合板的研究

以镍粉、石墨粉、不锈钢纤维和铜纤维作为导电单元,脲醛树脂为胶黏剂,制备3层落叶松胶合板,研究不同导电单元和涂胶量对板材电磁屏蔽效能(ESE)及胶合强度的影响.结果表明,纯镍粉填充的胶合板的ESE几乎为零;后3种导电单元填充的胶合板ESE分别达到5～10 dB,17～21 dB和6～17 dB;试板的胶合强度除不锈钢纤维添加量为80 g/m2时低于国家标准外,其余条件下均达到或超过国家相关标准要求.     

玻璃纤维增强结构用单板层积材热压工艺研究

通过玻璃纤维增强速生杨木制备杨木单板层积材(LVL),可提高杨木的强度等级,使其达到结构集成材层板的使用要求。采用正交实验方法,研究温度、时间、压力、偶联剂浓度、涂胶量对杨木单板层积材弹性模量、静曲强度、剪切强度的影响,其中主要研究热压工艺对力学强度的影响,得出的最优工艺参数为:热压温度130℃、时间100s/mm、压力1.2MPa。     

聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷树脂大豆胶黏剂制备及性能研究

采用己二酸(AA)、二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE),将其与大豆蛋白按比例混合制备PAE大豆胶黏剂。在合成预聚体(PA)后,通过单因素试验,探究AA与ECH摩尔比、大豆蛋白添加量对胶合板胶合强度的影响,研究了PAE对大豆蛋白的改性作用及胶接机理。结果表明:在胶黏剂合成过程中AA与ECH摩尔比为1:1.0,大豆蛋白添加量为30%,热压温度为120℃、压力1.0 MPa、热压时间6 min条件下,PAE大豆蛋白胶黏剂胶合强度可达1.02 MPa,满足GB/T 9846-2015Ι类板指标要求。     

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究结果表明,最佳调胶参数为面粉添加量25%,固化剂添加量1.2%;最佳热压工艺参数为热压温度110℃、热压压力1.2 MPa、热压时间60 s·mm-1、涂胶量300 g·m-2。在此条件下压制出的胶合板甲醛释放量达到E1级,且胶合强度满足国家标准的要求。     

影响阻燃胶合板胶合强度因素的研究

分析了使用BL-环保阻燃剂压制环保阻燃胶合板过程中,热压温度、热压时间、单板浸渍时间和涂胶量对胶合强度的影响,并检测了氧指数、甲醛释放量和含水率。研究表明,使用BL-环保阻燃剂生产环保阻燃胶合板可以达到胶合强度标准,并提出了最佳工艺条件。     

桉树木材旋切单板质量以及制造胶合板工艺的研究

对福建省主要桉树木材材性及其旋切单板厚度偏差、背面裂隙率进行检测分析,探讨木材旋切单板的适应性和制造胶合板的工艺并采用正交法优选最佳工艺参数。结果表明:尾叶桉单板背面裂隙率和单板厚度变动系数比尾巨桉小,尾叶桉用于旋切1.5 mm厚度单板质量较佳。尾叶桉木材制造胶合板较佳工艺参数:热压温度为130℃、单位压力为1.4 MPa、热压时间为1.35 min·mm-1、涂胶量为320 g·m-2。工艺条件对板材性能均有影响,桉树木材龄级对板材性能影响显著,随着桉树龄级的增大,板材性能有较大幅度提高,特别是静曲强度、弹性模量影响最为明显。