常山提取物对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效观察

为探讨常山提取物对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,通过人工感染15日龄鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后在饲料中添加一定比例的药物,试验设常山提取物组(分别为200,100,50 mg/kg饲料)、鸡球虫散组(300mg/kg饲料)、地克珠利组(1 mg/kg饲料)、感染对照组和健康对照组,试验期至22日龄.结果显示,与感染对照组比较,所有给药组试验鸡盲肠和十二指肠肿胀明显减轻,血液性内容物明显减少;抗球虫指数分别为171.98,169.18,169.01,163.84,166.74,均达到中等抗球虫水平.结果表明,常山提取物具有良好的抗球虫效果,且作为一类中药组分,具有绿色环保、低毒低残留的特点,有望成为新型抗球虫药物.     

Coccidiosis causes diarrhea in calves in the pasture. Pasture coccidiosis caused by Eimeria alabamensis

A severe outbreak of diarrhoea in young (age 18-20 month) cattle 14 days after their first turnout is described. In the manure large numbers Eimeria alabamensis oocysts were found. This infection is considered as a case of coccidial diarrhoea in (older) calves at pasture.     

Experimental coccidiosis provoked by Eimeria acervulina in chicks simultaneously fed on ochratoxin A contaminated diet

The progression of coccidiosis provoked by Eimeria acervulina was followed in chicks fed on OTA-contaminated as well as on OTA-free diets. More heavy progress of duodenal coccidiosis, including mortality, occurred in OTA-treated chicks as can be seen from the higher value of lesion (3.50) and oocyst (31.65) indices. A stronger decrease of serum total protein was found in OTA-treated chicks (22.80 g/l) than in chicks infected with E. acervulina(24.20 g/l), but that decrease was strongest in chicks treated with OTA and simultaneously infected with E. acervulina (19.71 g/l). The serum concentration of uric acid was significantly increased in all chicks exposed to OTA, most notably in those additionally infected with E. acervulina (1020.6 (micro mol/L), whereas the serum enzyme activity of AST was increased only in chicks infected with E. acervulina and highest in those fed OTA contaminated diet (122.2 U/L). OTA induced degenerative changes in kidneys, liver and heart as well as a depletion of lymphoid tissue in the lymphoid organs and a decrease of body weight. Coccidiosis induced only a slight growth depression and duodenal hemorrhages in addition to characteristic duodenal damages. The impairment of kidney function, histopathological changes and general growth depression were stronger when chicks infected with E. acervulina were also given OTA.     

Baby pig diarrhea caused by coccidiosis

Summary

An outbreak of coccidiosis on two Belgian farms is described. Diarrhea started in piglets at 9 or 10 days of life. Zero to three pigs died per litter. The morbidity rate varied from 70 to 90 per cent. Histological examination of the intestines revealed shortening of villi and different stages of the life cycle of coccidia were seen in the enterocytes. Virological examination was negative for corona‐, corona‐like, and rota‐virus. A haemolytic E. coli strain was isolated in one case. As for treatment, good results were obtained by the adding of 1 kg amproleum pre‐mix per ton sow feed. Scouring pigs were treated orally with 2 cc of an amprol solution once a day. The diarrhea stopped one day after treatment.     

一起山羊球虫病的诊疗报告

山羊球虫病是由羊球虫引起的一种原虫性寄生虫病。各种品种的山羊均有易感性,4月龄以内的羔羊极易感染,病羊下痢、消瘦、贫血、发育不良,甚至死亡。     

Genetics of resistance to coccidiosis: response of inbred chicken lines to infection by Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima

1. Experiments have been carried out to compare weight gain, mortality and oocyst production in 7 inbred and partially inbred lines of chickens after challenge with the coccidial parasites Eimeria tenella and E. maxima. 2. There were large differences between lines in the effects of challenge on weight gain and mortality for both species of parasite. However, the lines suffering the greatest mortality were not those showing the greatest effects on weight gain, indicating that mortality alone is not an adequate criterion in selection for resistance. 3. Although oocyst production differed between lines there was no correlation with mortality or with weight loss, implying that the variation observed in these traits was not due to a restriction of the parasite but to an accommodation of its effects. 4. Mortality and weight loss resulting from challenge with E. tenella in the different lines did not correlate with that caused by E. maxima. 5. There was evidence of an association of genes of the major histocompatibility complex genes with mortality, but not with weight loss or oocyst production: there was no indication of association of resistance to coccidiosis with resistance to Marek's disease.     

青蒿素与柳氮磺吡啶对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染的疗效观察

为了探讨青蒿素（artemisinin,ART）和柳氮磺吡啶（sulfasalazine,SASP）单独给药与联合给药对鸡球虫病的防治效果。试验选用50只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,正常饲养至1周龄时分为5组,2周龄时除空白组外,ART组、SASP组、ART＋SASP组和感染对照组分别以105个/羽的剂量接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫（Eimeria tenella,E.tenella）孢子化卵囊,各给药组于攻虫前3d开始给药至试验结束。试验结束后对各组的抗球虫指数（anticoccidial index,ACI）、卵囊的孢子化率、血清NO含量、脏器指数及血清生化指标等数据进行统计。结果表明,ART、SASP以及两者联合用药均能显著提高鸡群的ACI,并使卵囊的孢子化率降低,缓解了球虫感染所致的NO水平升高,且联合用药效果更明显。这提示ART与SASP联合应用在E.tenella感染的防治中具有增效作用。各组鸡群之间血清生化参数无显著性差异,说明该2种药物均无明显毒副作用。     

绒山羊艾美耳球虫病的诊断与治疗

关于绒山羊球虫病的报道不多,2005年9月,某农场饲养的绒山羊相继发生以精神沉郁、机体消瘦、食欲减退和排褐色血便为主要特征的疾病,通过临床症状观察、病理剖检和实验室检查,确诊为羊的柯氏艾美耳球虫(Eim eria christenseni)感染,经采用特效药治疗,使病情得到了控制。1基本情     

绒山羊艾关耳球虫病的诊断与治疗

关于绒山羊球虫病的报道不多，2005年9月，某农场饲养的绒山羊相继发生以精神沉郁、机体消瘦、食欲减退和排褐色血便为主要特征的疾病，通过临床症状观察、病理剖检和实验室检查，确诊为羊的柯氏艾美耳球虫（FAmeria christenseni）感染，经采用特效药治疗，使病情得到了控制。     

Experimental hamster enteritis: an electron microscopic study.

Hamster enteritis (HE) was experimentally produced in weanling hamsters by orally inoculating healthy hamsters with suspensions of ilea obtained from hamsters with HE. Control groups of hamsters were inoculated orally with suspensions of ilea from healthy hamsters. Electron microscopy was done on ilea from 6 control hamsters, 31 hamsters with experimentally produced HE, and 4 hamsters with naturally occurring HE. Ultrastructural changes were not observed in the absorptive epithelium of control animals. Two different intracytoplasmic bacterial organisms were observed in epithelial cells of hamsters with experimentally produced HE. Organisms that were observed early in the disease process were identified as Escherichia coli. Organisms ultrastructurally similar to Campylobacter spp were observed later in the disease and were only within hyperplastic epithelial cells. The hyperplastic ileal epithelium of hamsters with naturally occurring HE contained campylobacter-like organisms.     

Vaccination of rabbits against coccidiosis using precocious lines of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in Benin

Three groups of twelve 35-day-old rabbits were used for the experiment. Two groups were vaccinated with a mixture of precocious lines of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media originating from corresponding wild strains isolated in Benin. One group benefited of a booster whereas the second one was kept without booster. A third non-vaccinated group was used as control. All groups were challenged per os with an equal mixture of the wild strains of E. magna and E. media at a dose of 104 oocysts per animal. Three weeks after the challenge inoculation, no case of diarrhoea was recorded in the two groups of vaccinated rabbits, as compared to the non-vaccinated rabbits that developed diarrhoea. No mortality was recorded in the three groups. During the patent period, oocyst output of vaccinated rabbits was significantly lower than that of control animals (P < 0.01), confirming a good immunogenic characteristic of the precocious lines. No booster effect was noticed for the boost vaccinated group. The daily weigh gain of the two groups of vaccinated rabbits was significantly higher than that of the non-vaccinated rabbits (P < 0.05). Consequently the precocious lines of Benin origin turned out to be immunogenic and therefore constitute good potential candidates for vaccine production for this country.     

载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土对鸡艾美耳球虫病的防治效果研究

研究载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土对鸡艾美耳球虫病的治疗和预防效果。通过离子交换的方法制备载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土。治疗试验:将雏鸡饲养至14日龄,随机分为5组,即空白对照组、感染不给药组、载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土治疗组、地克珠利治疗组、地克珠利和黏土联合治疗组,每组30只。感染后通过临床症状、粪便、体重、盲肠病变、卵囊值、抗球虫指数等评价载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土对鸡球虫病的治疗效果。预防试验:12日龄雏鸡随机分4组,空白对照组、3个预防组,每组各150只鸡。通过观察临床症状、血便堆数、卵囊数等综合评价载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土对自然发生的鸡球虫病的预防效果。治疗试验结果显示,地克珠利和黏土联合治疗组抗球虫指数达179.06,接近高效抗球虫药,载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土效果优于地克珠利。预防试验结果显示,在饲料中添加载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土可缩短球虫所致鸡血便持续时间,显著降低球虫感染造成的生长迟缓。上述结果表明,载Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)离子的凹凸棒石黏土对鸡球虫病具有较好的治疗效果和预防效果。