In vitro propagation of banana (Musa spp.) using thidiazuron and activated charcoal

Abstract

Rapid clonal propagation potential of banana was investigated by using excised shoot tips of Musa spp. Shoot tips isolated from young suckers of ‘Anamur 2’, ‘Dwarf Cavendish’, and ‘Gazipasa 6'genotypes were used. Excised shoot tips were transferred immediately to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) either alone or with indoleacetic acid (IAA). Rooting was achieved with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the presence or absence of activated charcoal (AC). The results showed that shoot proliferation rate was statistically affected by cytokinin types and their concentration. The responses to TDZ were better than to BAP. BAP or TDZ with IAA increased shoot elongation compared with BAP or TDZ alone. An increase in plant height, root numbers and average number of roots per explant was obtained using AC. Hence, for multiplication of ‘Dwarf Cavendish’, the use of MS medium with 2.5 µM TDZ with 1 µM IAA followed by rooting with AC only is recommended. For multiplication of banana genotypes ‘Anamur 2’ and ‘Gazipasa 6’, the use of MS medium with 1 µM TDZ and 1 µM IAA followed by rooting with AC only is recommended.     

低磷条件下植物根系形态反应及其调控机制

磷是植物必需营养元素之一,土壤中磷有效性低,限制作物生长发育。磷肥施用量逐年增加,但是磷矿资源面临耗竭。植物根系形态变化对于植物适应低磷胁迫,提高植物对土壤磷的吸收利用具有重要意义。本文从植物根系构型、根冠比、初生根、根毛、侧根等方面综述了植物适应低磷胁迫的根系形态变化特征。低磷条件下,植物根系构型发生改变,普遍抑制主根生长,刺激侧根发育起始与伸长,诱导根毛形成。同时,分析了转录因子、植物激素、蔗糖以及关键基因等对低磷条件下植物根系生长发育的生理与分子调控机制,低磷胁迫下转录因子ZAT6和MYB62参与调控初生根生长,BHLH32和PHR调控根毛形成发育,WRKY75对侧根发育有抑制作用。研究表明,在低磷条件下,赤霉素、细胞分裂素、生长素和乙烯对初生根发育起着调控作用,而根毛的生长发育与赤霉素、生长素和乙烯有关,侧根发育过程中生长素作用明显。一些基因如LPR1、LPR2、LPR3以及PDR2参与调控低磷胁迫下植物初生根的发育。低磷胁迫下光合产物蔗糖对植物根毛和侧根发育有影响。     

Yield enhancement and phosphorus economy in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) with integrated use of phosphorus,Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

The study evaluated the effects of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Rhizobium + PGPR, and uninoculated control] in lentil. Application of 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 resulted in the highest number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghemoglobin content in nodules, chlorophyll content, yield attributes, and grain yield. Coinoculated treatment performed better than uninoculated control, and individual inoculations of Rhizobium and PGPR in terms of all above mentioned parameters. Application of 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 + Rhizobium inoculation gave statistically similar and 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 + Rhizobium + PGPR inoculation gave significantly higher grain yield than that by 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 alone. The use of Rhizobium alone and Rhizobium + PGPR consortium can save not only 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 but also increase the grain yield of lentil.     

Isolation and identification of the most efficient plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with canola (Brassica napus)

 Thirteen of the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria which are able to grow in N-depleted culture conditions were isolated from the rhizoplane and endorhizosphere of canola (Brassica napus) and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Eight of these bacteria induced a significant increase in root dry weight ranging from 11 to 52%. Phylogenetic positioning based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that at least four genera are represented, Pseudomonas, Variovorax, Agrobacterium and Phyllobacterium. The most important direct plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria effect was found with both isolates belonging to the Phyllobacterium. Received: 18 April 2000     

Effect of Capsicum annuum cultivated in sub-alkaline soil on bacterial community and activities of cultivable plant growth promoting bacteria under field conditions

In literature, it remains little explored the soil–plant relationships within Capsicum agroecosystem. We studied how chili peppers plants contribute to influence microbial diversity. Across the bulk and rhizosphere soils of three genotypes of Capsicum annuum, the structure, the diversity and the abundance of bacteria was evaluated by means of DNA-based culture-independent approach. Furthermore, 515 bacterial strains isolated from the bulk and rhizosphere soil, were used to investigate the effect of C. annuum on four plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) abilities. Our results indicated that the three genotypes influence differently the physical-chemical and microbial properties of soil around the roots. Bacterial abundance resulted in increasing with different trend rhizospheres to bulk soil ratio; however, bacterial diversity was significantly higher only in the rhizosphere of one genotype. Only the indolic compounds production was stimulated in the rhizosphere of the three cultivars. Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum was stimulated just with one genotype, where 53 of rhizosphere isolates showed more than 10% of inhibition. 165 of isolates produced siderophores and the major part belonged to the high production level. Interactions between PGPB features revealed that anti-phytopathogenic activity was not associated with the others characteristics; however, phosphate solubilization was associated with both siderophores and indolic compounds productions.     

Effects of mulch location on banana weevil,soil and plant nutrients,soil water and biomass in banana fields

Major constraints to banana (Musa spp., genome group AAA) production, a dietary staple for over 70 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, are pest infestations, poor nutrition and inadequate water. Although mulch can improve soil water and nutrient status, many farmers believe it also promotes the proliferation of banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus), one of the most serious banana pests. In this study, we evaluated the effects of mulch location (mulch to base of banana pseudostem; mulch recessed 1 m from the pseudostem) on banana weevil, soil and plant nutrient status, soil water, and banana growth and development. After 3 years, the fully mulched plots had significantly more soil Ca and Mg than plots that did not receive mulch. Banana foliar K concentration was significantly higher in both mulch treatments (full and recessed) than in the control (no mulch) plots. The mulched plots had greater recharge after rainfall events and higher soil water contents during dry periods due to increased infiltration in the mulched plots. However, the mulched plots also exhibited significantly higher banana weevil densities and greater plant damage than the control plots. There was no difference in weevil damage with mulch location, although weevil density was higher in the fully mulched plots throughout most of the trial. Despite greater weevil damage, the treatments that were mulched yielded significantly heavier bunches. Hence the effects of the mulch on soil water infiltration and banana foliar nutrient status outweighed the detrimental effects of banana weevil damage.     

几种控释氮肥的饲料玉米肥效及其生理效应研究

通过田间试验研究了几种控释氮肥对饲料玉米分蘖、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率及氮肥利用率的影响,并探讨了这些生理指标与饲料玉米生物量之间的关系。结果看出,控释氮肥处理,玉米分蘖数在分蘖前期比等养分尿素略低,分蘖后期明显高于尿素处理;叶片叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率与等养分尿素相比,都有明显提高。相关分析表明,各处理饲料玉米后期分蘖数、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率与其生物量达到显著相关,相关系数(r)分别为0.9677、0.8967、0.8979。控释氮肥可明显降低饲料玉米硝酸盐含量,比施同等养分尿素,其硝酸盐降低幅度为73.37～709.41mg/kg;与等重量尿素相比,其硝酸盐降低幅度为469.26～1150.00mg/kg,控释氮肥的降硝效果明显。控释氮肥处理比尿素处理明显提高氮肥利用率,且保肥效果好。     

Effects of magnesium remobilization and allocation on banana plant growth

Magnesium (Mg) is known as one of the mobile elements and can move from the lower to upper leaf blade when the plants suffer from Mg deficiency. It is generally recognized that symptoms of Mg deficiency appear on lower leaves. This study was conducted to reveal the effect of Mg deficiency stress on remobilization of Mg and nitrogen in banana plant and to collect the typical symptoms of Mg deficiency. Quartz sand cultures were used to study the effect of Mg deficiency on banana growth and its mobilization and allocation in the plants. Results showed that chlorosis, a typical symptom of Mg deficiency, occurs in the second leaf from top of banana plant after 35 days of Mg deficiency. Necrosis of the whole leaf in the middle part of banana and a significant reduction of leaf area from the top to middle leaves are detected. However, older leaves remain green, and their area is not affected. Mg is more stable in the banana plant and cannot be remobilized and transported from the old to young leaves under Mg deficiency. After 195 days of Mg deficiency, the growth and Mg nutrition of Mg-deficient plant can be normalized by the restoration of Mg nutrient after 49 days of deficiency. Therefore, Mg in banana leaves is not mobile and reusable from older to younger leaves.     

Effects of boron excess in nutrient solution on growth,mineral nutrition,and physiological parameters of Jatropha curcas seedlings

Jatropha curcas L. has recently attracted the attention of the international research community due to its potential as a biodiesel crop. In addition, its high resistance to drought and salinity is well known. Under arid and semiarid conditions, boron (B) concentrations in irrigation water can be higher than desired when water from industry, urban areas, or desalination is used. However, the growth and physiological responses of J. curcas plants to B excess in the irrigation water are unknown. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of B excess in the nutrient solution (0.25, 2, 4.5, and 7 mg L^–1 B, applied as H₃BO₃) on plant growth, mineral concentration in the different plant tissues, photosynthesis, water relations, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration (as SPAD values), and composition of carbohydrates. Plant growth decreased with increasing B concentration in the nutrient solution; growth reduction was higher for roots than for leaves or stems. The B concentration increased in all plant tissues, in the following order: leaf > root > stem. These data indicate that the roots of J. curcas are more sensitive to B toxicity than the leaves and that B has restricted mobility inside these plants, accumulating mainly in the basal and middle leaves via the transpiration stream. Increasing B concentration in leaves decreased the A_CO2 and the stomatal conductance, but the leaf water parameters were not affected. The data for chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that nonstomatal factors were involved in the A_CO2 decline, whereas decreases in the parameters of PSII photochemistry due to B toxicity suggest that there was structural damage in chloroplasts. There was also a general tendency for a decrease in nonstructural carbohydrates in all plant tissues, possibly due to the decline in A_CO2. With excess B, the concentrations of K and Mg increased in leaves due to a decrease in the growth, while a typical antagonistic effect between B and P was evident from the P concentration decrease in leaves. In summary, J. curcas should be considered a B‐sensitive plant, as a leaf B concentration of 1.2 mg (g dw)^–1 caused a growth decline of approximately 30%.     

根际ACC脱氨酶活性细菌的分离及其促生作用研究

从不同来源的植物根际土壤中分离出能以1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为唯一氮源生长的细菌4株,经测定均具有较高的ACC脱氨酶活性,并进一步研究了菌株对植物的促生长作用。首先进行了种子根长试验,利用菌株菌悬液处理玉米和番茄种子,结果表明,经过细菌1101、2101、4201和GXGD002处理,种子的生根长度较对照组均有明显增长,玉米种子根长相对伸长率依次为78.73%、61.72%、47.37%、47.08%;番茄种子根长相对伸长率依次为61.19%、55.84%、54.34%、51.19%。其次进行了番茄穴盘栽培试验,分别在播种后40 d和55 d收苗,测定植株的株高、茎粗、根长等生长指标,结果表明,菌株4201和GXGD002具有显著促进生长作用,其处理组植株在株高、根长、根系活力等方面较对照组均有明显增强。     

根际促生菌Bacillus subtilisY-IVI在香草兰上的应用效果研究

【目的】香草兰为多年生热带经济作物,随着种植年限的增加,植株长势弱,土壤有益微生物减少,土壤微生物区系失衡,严重制约了香草兰产业的可持续发展。枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种根际促生菌,被广泛应用于促进作物生长,改善土壤微生物环境。本文将枯草芽孢杆菌Y-IVI接种在有机肥上,生产了生物有机肥,并就该生物有机肥对香草兰生长的影响进行了研究。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,调查施用根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI及其经固体发酵制得的微生物有机肥料(Y-IVI:3×108cfu/g)后,香草兰植株地上部及根系的生长状况,采用选择性培养基方法研究了Y-IVI在香草兰根际土壤中的定殖能力及对香草兰根茎腐病致病菌-尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响。【结果】施用Y-IVI及BIO 4个月后,香草兰根际土壤Y-IVI数量仍可达到106cfu/g土,二者无显著差异,在处理OF和对照中未检测到菌株Y-IVI。施用生物有机肥香草兰地上部干重和根系干重均显著高于对照,分别增加了63.1%和59.4%,与不接种Y-IVI的有机肥处理(OF)相比,地上部干重显著提高了43.2%,根系干重提高了18%,差异不显著;施用Y-IVI菌液的处理植株地上部干重和根系干重均高于对照,但无显著性差异;处理BIO根系直径、根系表面积和总体积与对照相比分别增加了41.9%、88.9%和80.4%,均显著高于对照,总根长与对照差异不显著;处理BIO根系表面积和总体积与有机肥处理OF相比分别显著增加了41.9%和30.8%,根系直径与OF相比增加了10.1%,差异不显著;处理Y-IVI根系直径与对照相比显著增加了25.5%,但根系表面积和总体积与对照差异不显著;与对照相比,施用BIO及Y-IVI的处理根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量分别明显降低了52.2%和41.8%,施用有机肥OF的处理降低了10%,差异不显著。【结论】Y-IVI可稳定定殖于香草兰根际土壤对其生长起有益作用,含促生菌Y-IVI的生物有机肥料比单独使用促生菌菌液可以更有效地减少根际土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,降低连作生物障碍。施用生物有机肥料比施用化肥和有机肥更有效地促进香草兰地上部及根系生长,因此,施用由根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Y-IVI制得的生物有机肥是解决香草兰连作生物障碍和提高收益的有效手段。     

Synergistic effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and diazotrophic bacteria on nutrition and growth of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

Summary Sweet potatoes were micropropagated and then transplanted from axnic conditions to fumigated soil in pots in the greenhouse. Spores of Glomus clarum were obtained from Brachiaria decumbens or from sweet potatoes grown in soil infected with this fungus and with an enrichment culture of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. Three experiments were carried out to measure the beneficial effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi-diazotroph interactions on growth, nutrition, and infection of sweet potato by A. diazotrophicus and other diazotrophs obtained from sweet potato roots. In two of these experiments the soils had been mixed with ¹⁵N-containing organic matter. The greatest effects of mycorrhizal inoculation were observed with co-inoculation of A. diazotrophicus and/or mixed cultures of diazotrophs containing A. diazotrophicus and Klebsiella sp. The tuber production was dependent on mycorrhization, and total N and P accumulation were increased when diazotrophs and G. clarum were applied together with VAM fungal spores. A. diazotrophicus infected aerial plant parts only when inoculated together with VAM fungi or when present within G. clarum spores. More pronounced effects on root colonization and intraradical sporulation of G. clarum were observed when A. diazotrophicus was co-inoculated. In non-fumigated soil, dual inoculation effects, however, were of lower magnitude. ¹⁵N analysis of the aerial parts and roots and tubers at the early growth stage (70 days) showed no statistical differences between treatments except for the VAM+Klebsiella sp. treatment. This indicates that the effects of A. diazotrophicus and other diazotrophs on sweet potato growth were caused by enhanced mycorrhization and, consequently, a more efficient assimilation of nutrients from the soil than by N₂ fixation. The possible interactions between these effects are discussed.     

Effect of a multispecies nematode population on the root, corm, and shoot growth of East African Musa genotypes

A study to determine the impact of a multispecies nematode population on the root, corm, and shoot growth of East African Musa genotypes was carried out. Eight genotypes comprising the plantain “Gonja” (Musa AAB group), the dessert banana “Sukali Ndizi” (AAB), the beer banana “Kayinja” (ABB), and five East African Highland bananas (AAA-EA) were assessed at flower emergence of the plant crop. Root damage and plant growth characteristics were assessed on both infected and noninfected plants. This study showed that Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus were recovered in highest numbers from infected mother plants. Significantly (P<0.05) higher shoot and root damage was observed in the infested plot compared to the noninfested plot. The differences in nematode damage observed among the different Musa genotypes confirm the variability in susceptibility to nematodes. Most of the East African Highland bananas and “Gonja” had a significant reduction in root system size. In addition, toppling and lengthening of the period to flower emergence of the plant crop was much more pronounced in these genotypes. In contrast to previous reports, this study indicated that a multispecies nematode infection significantly (P<0.05) reduced shoot and root growth of “Kayinja”. “Sukali Ndizi”, however, was observed to be tolerant to nematode infection as a small reduction in the root system size was associated with a negligible effect on the corm and shoot growth characteristics. Therefore, the percentage reduction in root and shoot growth due to nematode infection is not constant but depends on the plant genotype.     

解钾细菌与黏土矿物协同促进玉米生长提高土壤养分有效性

为了揭示解钾细菌在西北矿区浅埋古河道土壤中对植物生长和土壤养分利用的影响,通过日光温室短期盆栽的方式,以不同黏土矿物配比的人工培土为基质模拟古河道不同质地土壤,以西北地区常见农作物玉米为宿主,研究解钾细菌在人工培土基质中的微生物数量变化规律,以及二者协同作用对玉米生长和矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明:1)土壤黏土矿物含量增大有利于提高土壤解钾细菌数量,促进微生物活性。当黏土矿物质量分数为68%,速效钾质量分数约170 mg/kg时,解钾细菌数量最大;2)玉米地上部分干质量、根冠比、根系活力随黏土矿物含量增大而增大,以解钾细菌作用下黏土矿物质量分数68%的玉米生长效果最佳;3)在解钾细菌作用下,植物氮磷钾积累量和土壤养分利用的最佳土壤黏土矿物质量分数为45%、68%和75%,土壤钾素、氮素和磷素最大利用率分别达到65%、53%和17%;4)解钾细菌在土壤钾素含量低时促进土壤磷素吸收,土壤钾素过量时,促进土壤氮磷钾的吸收,提高土壤养分利用率。因此,土壤黏土矿物与解钾细菌相互作用,而且积极影响植物生长和土壤养分的吸收利用,这对进一步探寻适合矿区浅埋古河道土壤的微生物复垦技术,深入改良和开发矿区退化土壤具有重要意义。     

镁对烟草生长及叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通过水培试验,研究了不同镁素水平对烟草生长、叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,为烟草优质栽培和镁肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明营养液中镁浓度在2～4 mmol/L时,烤烟的干物质积累显著高于其它处理,最适宜烟株的生长,镁浓度过高或过低都会抑制烟株的生长;营养液中镁浓度在0～2 mmol/L范围内,烟草叶片叶绿素含量随镁浓度的升高而逐渐升高,但高于2 mmol/L时,烟草叶片叶绿素的含量逐渐下降;营养液中镁浓度在8 mmol/L时,烟草叶片量子产量（EQY）光合电子传递速率（ETR）、非光化学猝灭（NPQ）均达到最高。烟草叶片对强光有最大的适应性,缺镁和高镁均能导致烟草量子产量降低,光合电子传递受阻,减少对过剩的激发能的耗散,使植株对强光的保护性调节能力降低。     

钾钙镁营养对香蕉生长和叶片生理特性的影响

在田间试验条件下,研究了不同钾钙镁营养条件下香蕉生长和叶片生理特性的变化。结果表明,适量增施K、Ca及Mg肥有利于香蕉植株的生长发育,有利于为香蕉果实的生长发育提供良好的物质基础。且能有效促进叶片叶绿素的合成,提高叶片净光合速率,从而有效提高叶片光合作用能力。适量增施K、Mg肥能降低叶片抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化强度,从而有效延缓叶片衰老。在广东高州市香蕉主产区,钾钙镁适宜用量为K2O 990、Mg 37.5、Ca 90.0 kg/hm2。     

Combined effect of deficit irrigation and potassium fertilizer on physiological response,plant water status and yield of soybean in calcareous soil

A 2-year field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in calcareous soil (CaCO₃ 19.2%), on soybean grown under three irrigation regimes 100%, 85% and 70% of crop evapotranspiration combined with three potassium (K₂O) levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha^?1). The objective was to investigate the complementary properties of potassium fertilizer in improving soybean physiological response under water deficit. Plant water status (relative water content RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence F_v/F₀ and F_v/F_m), had been significantly affected by irrigation or/and potassium application. Potassium improved growth characteristics (i.e. shoot length, number, leaf area and dry weight of leaves) as well as physiochemical attributes (total soluble sugars, free proline and contents of N, P, K, Ca and Na). Yield and yield water use efficiency (Y-WUE) were significantly affected by irrigation and potassium treatments. Results indicated that potassium application of 150 and 120 kg ha^?1 significantly increased seed yield by 29.6% and 13.89%, respectively, compared with 90 kg ha^?1 as average for two seasons. It was concluded that application of higher levels of potassium fertilizer in arid environment improves plant water status as well as growth and yield of soybean under water stress.     

不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响

以加拿大魁北克地区推广的玉米品种Pioneer 38B84为材料,研究不同施氮量和基追比例对玉米最上一片全展开叶SPAD值、Dualex值、净光合速率(PN)、叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部生物量、冠层叶绿素密度(SPAD×LAI)、冠层光合能力(PN×LAI)以及产量的影响。试验设5个处理:N0(基0+追0)、N20+93(基20 kg/hm2+追93 kg/hm2)、N45+68(基45 kg/hm2+追68 kg/hm2)、N113(基113 kg/hm2+追0)和SAT225[基225(播种时施氮45 kg/hm2,播种后10 d再沟施180 kg/hm2)+追0],完全随机区组设计,重复4次,基本苗为79000株/hm2。结果表明,追肥前,叶片SPAD值、PN、LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI及PN×LAI均随基肥氮量的增加而增加,Dualex值则降低。同等施氮量下,基肥配合追肥显著提高叶片SPAD值,而追肥对叶片Dualex值和PN无显著影响。虽然基肥配合追肥处理的LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI、PN×LAI在追肥后均显著低于氮肥一次性基施,但显著提高了玉米产量。基施氮肥20 kg/hm2与45 kg/hm2处理之间玉米产量无差异,但前者过早地表现出缺氮。总施氮量为113 kg/hm2时,其SPAD值、Dualex值、PN、LAI、地上部生物量、SPAD×LAI以及PN×LAI等指标在出苗后256~0 d与SAT225处理差异不显著,但产量却显著低于SAT225处理。本试验条件下,基肥量45 kg/hm2能较好地满足玉米前期生长,但总施氮量113 kg/hm2不能满足玉米全生育期的需求,需要进一步地评估适宜的施氮量。同等施氮量下,基肥配合追肥显著提高玉米产量;SPAD值和Dualex值均与玉米植株氮含量显著相关,SPAD和Dualex可以作为实时快速指导玉米追肥的有效工具。     

铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁失绿苹果叶片光合生理指标和荧光参数的影响

为了进一步探索矫正苹果缺铁失绿症途径,采用铁肥虹吸输液方法,研究了铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁黄化叶片复绿,叶片解剖结构、 色素含量、 光合生理指标和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,虹吸输液处理的复绿苹果叶片单个细胞叶绿体数目比对照增加了3.6个,淀粉粒有所减少;叶绿体内基粒结构更清晰、 垛叠增多;线粒体内嵴数量增多、 清晰度提高;叶绿体和线粒体的被膜结构得到修复。虹吸输铁后失绿程度由2.00级恢复到0.49级;铁肥虹吸输液显著提高了叶片的光合速率、 气孔导度,降低了细胞间隙的CO2浓度。输铁处理其PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）和PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）均为最高。缺铁失绿苹果叶片叶绿素a、 叶绿素b含量分别比未输液对照增加2.97倍和3.18 倍。说明采取铁肥虹吸输液的方法能够矫正苹果缺铁失绿症。