几种药剂对台湾乳白蚁的拒食作用研究

以台湾乳白蚁为研究对象,选用11种药剂对其进行拒食作用研究,结果表明,吡虫啉浓度在1000mg/L、毒死蜱在250mg/L以上,白蚁均表现出强烈的拒食作用,适合用作白蚁驱避剂;而氟铃脲,杀铃脲,除虫脲、氟虫胺在所设置的浓度下,白蚁的拒食作用均不明显,适宜用于筛选白蚁诱杀混配药剂.     

PCR方法鉴别大家白蚁和台湾乳白蚁

本文分析了大家白蚁(Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren)和台湾乳白蚁(C.formosamus Shiraki)形态特征的相似性,并根据GenBank中两者12S rRNA基因序列设计了特异性引物for1、cur2和通用引物com3、com4,通过PCR方法鉴别确认了未知样品为台湾乳白蚁.该方法具有快速、简便、样品量少、准确等优点,适合用于大家白蚁和台湾乳白蚁的鉴别.     

木腐菌对台湾乳白蚁取食偏好性的影响

本文测定了经红芝、紫芝、茯苓、黄孢原毛平革菌和密褐褶孔菌5种木腐菌腐蚀的马尾松木屑对台湾乳白蚁行为和取食反应的影响。在双重选择性试验中,与未经木腐菌腐蚀的马尾松木屑相比,台湾乳白蚁嗜好聚集和取食木腐菌腐蚀过的马尾松木屑。在多重选择性试验中,结果显示台湾乳白蚁偏好取食经茯苓、红芝或密褐褶孔菌腐蚀过的马尾松木屑。     

6种糖基化合物对台湾乳白蚁糖基水解酶分泌的影响

白蚁自身及其后肠共生微生物可以分泌多种糖基水解酶用于分解木质纤维素。本研究选用1%木质素、1%羧甲基纤维素钠、1%山梨糖、1%果糖、1%葡萄糖及1%半乳糖6种糖基化合物溶液,诱导台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus糖基水解酶的分泌,进行了酶活测定。结果显示,FPA活力、内切葡聚糖酶EG、β-葡萄糖苷酶BG、纤维二糖水解酶CBH和内切木聚糖酶EX的最佳诱导物分别为1%木质素(149%,0.750U/mg),1%山梨糖(126%,1.538U/mg),1%木质素(178%,5.170U/mg),1%木质素(265%,1.201U/mg),1%果糖(341%,5.146U/mg)。整头白蚁4种酶的诱导最大值顺序为:EX(6d,9.356U/mg)>BG(2d,3.313U/mg)>EG(2d,1.541U/mg)>CBH(6d,1.476U/mg)。研究表明,木质素、果糖和山梨糖对其内源性糖基水解酶诱导作用明显,而6种化合物对台湾乳白蚁后肠微生物来源的糖基水解基本为抑制作用。     

台湾乳白蚁4个地理种群遗传分化的研究

采用线粒体COⅡ基因为分子标记对中国南部4个台湾乳白蚁地理种群的遗传分化进行了初步研究。结果显示,4个地理种群共有9个多态位点和8种单倍型;种群间遗传分化统计量F_st与地理距离无显著相关。探讨了台湾乳白蚁种群分化的影响因素和相应的防治对策。     

阿维菌素与氟虫胺混配对台湾乳白蚁的毒杀作用

论文用阿维菌素与氟虫胺进行复配,测试不同剂量比例下对台湾乳白蚁的增效作用及传毒毒杀作用。结果表明,阿维菌素与氟虫胺按18∶70、42∶30和36∶40的配比下,对台湾乳白蚁的增效作用明显;阿维菌素与氟虫胺按30∶50、24∶60和18∶70三组配比在250 mg/kg下对台湾乳白蚁15d死亡率分别为91.15%、94.08%和97.70%,表明这些组配对台湾乳白蚁具有较好的传毒作用,值得作为白蚁诱杀剂药剂成份应用于台湾乳白蚁的防治。     

从韩国进口货物的木质包装中截获台湾乳白蚁

20 0 2年 7月 ,我局检验检疫人员在现场查验一批来自韩国的进口货物时 ,发现 2 1个木质包装箱部分有白蚁的危害状和新鲜虫粪 ,并当场截获活的白蚁成虫多头 ,经实验室鉴定为鼻白蚁科 ,台湾乳白蚁 (CoptotermesformosanusShiraki)。据资料显示 ,从韩国进口货物的木质包装中截获台湾乳白蚁 ,在我国口岸尚属首次。现就其兵蚁的形态特征、分布以及生物学特性简述如下以供参考。1　形态特征兵蚁 :触角及头部浅黄色 ,头部椭圆形 ,最宽处是头的中段。上颚黑褐色镰刀形 ,前部弯向中线 ,左上颚基部有一深凹刻 ,前方有4个小突起 ,愈向前愈小 ,最前的小…     

进口木材中的非洲乳白蚁

1997年4月份以来,张家港动植物检疫局从进口西非的木材中截获非洲乳白蚁。该虫在木材中危害严重,我国未有分布,其他口岸也未见截获该虫的报道。本文简要描述非洲乳白蚁的鉴定特征及生物学分布,以供口岸检疫工作者参考。分类地位:非洲乳白蚁ＣｏｐｔｏｔｅｒｍｅｓｓｊｓｔｅｄｔｉＨｏｌｍｇｒｅｎ,亦称斯氏乳白蚁,属等翅目鼻白蚁科。兵蚁:头壳深黄褐色,上颚赤褐色,触角色近头壳。头壳毛稀疏,乳孔毛每侧1根,前胸背板中区毛约6～8根。兵蚁头部各部位测量数据见表1。表1　兵蚁头部各部位测量数据项　目范围(ｍｍ)平均(ｍｍ)项　目范围(ｍｍ)平…     

丁硫克百威药土处理对台湾乳白蚁的驱避效果

在室内采用毒沙药膜法和毒土柱屏障法测定了丁硫克百威对台湾乳白蚁的触杀和驱避效果。结果表明,丁硫克百威药土在低浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性,处理土壤有效阻杀台湾乳白蚁的浓度为100 mg a.i.kg-1。该药值得进一步研究其残效期,以明确其用于防治农作物白蚁的可能性。     

噻虫胺、甲氰菊酯药土处理对台湾乳白蚁的驱避效果

在室内采用毒沙药膜法和毒土柱屏障法测定了噻虫胺、甲氰菊酯对台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki的触杀和驱避药效。结果表明,噻虫胺、甲氰菊酯毒沙药膜对台湾乳白蚁的LC50分别为3.01mg a.i.L-1和9.43 mg a.i.L-1。噻虫胺在低于4.5 mg a.i.kg-1的药土浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性,处理土壤有效阻杀台湾乳白蚁的浓度为5.37 mg a.i.kg-1;甲氰菊酯药土在低于20.0 mg a.i.kg-1的浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性或驱避性不明显,处理土壤有效驱避台湾乳白蚁的浓度为40.0 mg a.i.kg-1以上,表明噻虫胺是一种值得进一步研究的白蚁防治药剂。     

Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus

Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.     

Plant-derived natural products exhibiting activity against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus)

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is among the most devastating termite pests. Natural products derived from plant extracts were tested in a discovery programme for effective, environmentally friendly termite control agents. Among the natural products tested, vulgarone B (isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser), apiol (isolated from Ligusticum hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor) and cnicin (isolated from Centaurea maculosa Lam.) exhibited significantly higher mortalities than in untreated controls in laboratory bioassay. These compounds are present at high levels in their respective plant sources and also possess other biological activities such as phytotoxic and antifungal properties.     

Group effects on insecticide toxicity in workers of the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki

Coptotermes formosanus workers were treated topically with insecticide and subsequently held individually or in groups to examine possible effects on insecticide toxicity. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlordane toxicities were 1.4-, 1.5-, and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, among workers held in groups compared with those held individually after insecticide treatment. Experiments were conducted to examine how enhanced toxicity occurred among termites held in groups after topical insecticide treatment. When workers were treated topically with chlordane and immediately placed with untreated workers, significantly greater numbers of untreated workers were killed compared with controls at all ratios examined (insecticide-treated:untreated). These data indicated that workers treated topically with insecticide were capable of somehow transferring a lethal dose of insecticide to untreated workers confined in the vial. Chlordane was recovered from untreated workers which had been confined with chlordane-treated workers; significantly higher quantities of chlordane were recovered from dead workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers compared with surviving workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers. Possible mechanisms of insecticide transfer from insecticide-treated to untreated termites are discussed.     

防治荸荠枯萎病药剂的室内筛选及毒力测定

荸荠枯萎病（Fusariumoxysporion）是荸荠的主要病害,1994年以来,福建省一些车养生产区发病逐年严重,不仅影响李养品质．而且重病田造成绝收。它是一种土壤传播病害,防治难度大,迄今国内外对该病药剂防治报道较少。为尽快筛选出一些较好的药剂供大田防治中使用,笔者从1995年开始收集对枯萎菌有防效的农药进行室内筛选及毒力测定试验,现将初步结果报告如下：1材料与方法1．1供试药剂及浓度荸荠杆枯净500倍（广西农业大学产）;80％代森锌500倍（浙江东阳农药厂产）;50％多菌灵500倍（江苏新沂农药厂产）;50％代森锰锌800倍（江苏新…     

几种生物药剂防治丝绵木金星尺蛾的试验

试验结果表明：B．t粉剂在高温条件下防治丝绵木金星尺蛾幼虫效果好，宜在第2代(7月)使用。则在适宜温度下，湿度大防效好，宜在第1代(5月)使用，25％灭幼脲对低龄幼虫防效佳且受气温湿度影响较小，1、2代都适合。