Immune response of cattle to respiratory mycoplasmas

M. bovis and M. dispar produce very different types of response in the calf lung. The immune response of the host plays a major role in the formation of the lesion induced by M. bovis and this response is predominantly Ig mediated. In contrast M. dispar produces a much milder reaction in the lung which may be related to an ability of the mycoplasma to inhibit the host's immune response. Recovery from infection appears to be primarily mediated by IgG present in the lung and functioning in conjunction with alveolar macrophages. The immunity following vaccination which is observed in experimental studies and field trials is also likely to be mediated by the same mechanism.     

Correlation between adherence of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains of serovar 1a to tissue culture cells originated from porcine kidney and their pathogenicity in mice and swine

Adherence of four virulent and four avirulent strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serovar 1a, to porcine kidney cell lines, PK-15 and ESK cells, was examined in an in vitro system. The virulent strains adhered well to the cells (range of means, 9.95 +/- 0.87-36.01 +/- 1.10 per cell). In contrast, the avirulent strains showed negligible adherence to the cells (range of means, 0.11 +/- 0.04-1.41 +/- 0.13 per cell). Pretreatment of bacteria with heat, trypsin, or antiserum resulted in a marked decrease in adherence. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that the bacteria attached directly to the microvilli of cells.     

机械破碎法分离奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养研究

采用机械破碎法分离奶牛乳腺上皮细胞 ,并对分离细胞 (试验组 )和未分离的乳腺组织块 (对照组 )进行体外培养 ,研究乳腺上皮细胞体外培养的效果。培养液由DMEM /F1 2 加 2 0 %小牛血清组成 ,培养条件为 5 %CO2 、 37℃。机械破碎法分离的细胞在培养 2d开始生长增殖 ,7d基本长满培养板底部 ;而培养的乳腺组织块细胞到 5d后才呈现旺盛生长 ,长满培养板底部需 1 4～ 1 5d。结果表明 ,机械破碎法是分离乳腺上皮细胞的一种有效方法     

猪肺炎支原体对猪气管上皮细胞的黏附作用

采用气管结扎、链霉蛋白酶灌注冷消化法分离猪气管上皮细胞,并以对数生长期的猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)感染猪气管上皮细胞,通过间接免疫荧光技术定性定量研究不同滴度的猪肺炎支原体对猪气管上皮细胞的黏附及相同滴度的猪肺炎支原体随时间变化对猪气管上皮细胞的黏附。结果表明,分离的猪气管上皮细胞存活率为95%以上,广谱角蛋白染色阳性;Mhp野毒株XLW-1与猪气管上皮细胞37℃作用30min就能看到少量的支原体黏附,作用4h以上时黏附更明显,并且,二者作用1、2、4、6、10h,XLW-1对猪气管上皮细胞的黏附与阴性对照相比差异极显著(P0.01);1×107、2.5×106 CCU/mL的XLW-1与猪气管上皮细胞37℃作用6h,能看到支原体黏附于细胞表面,并且与阴性对照相比差异极显著(P0.01),而其他低滴度的XLW-1则看不到黏附。     

猪源乳酸杆菌对永生化猪小肠上皮细胞的黏附性能

以永生化猪小肠上皮细胞ZYM—SIEC02为体外模型,通过革兰染色法、平板计数法等检测发酵乳杆菌Y091231（Lactobacillus fermentation）、乳酸乳杆菌Y091221（Lactobacillus lactis）,嗜酸乳杆菌Y224031（Lactoba-cillusacidophilus）的黏附性能及对大肠杆菌C83921、致病性沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC2258的黏附抑制作用。结果显示,3株菌对永生化猪小肠上皮细胞的黏附性均较强,黏附指数平均为：Y091231（2903．25±83．33）个／100cells、Y091221（2320．37±81．02）个／100ceils、Y224031（I965．43±37．72）个／100cells,菌株之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。黏附抑制试验结果显示,Y091231对大肠埃希菌C83921和金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC2258的黏附抑菌能力最强（（99．4±3．17）％和（98．0±2．31）％）,Y091221对沙门菌的抑菌能力最强（（97．1±2．04）％）,Y224031对大肠埃希菌C83921比对另外2种致病菌的黏附抑制能力高,但又显著低于Y091231和Y091221（P〈0．05）,表明不同种乳酸菌对致病菌的黏附抑制作用具有菌种特异性。     

A longitudinal study of serological patterns of respiratory infections in nine infected Danish swine herds

Sixteen litters of seven pigs from each of nine Danish farrow-to-finish herds were followed to investigate the serological patterns caused by natural infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida toxin and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5–7, 12. In seven of the herds, pigs were followed as two separate cohorts started 4 weeks apart, and in two herds only one cohort was followed.

A total of 999 pigs were included in the study. The pigs were blood sampled at weaning and subsequently every fourth week until slaughter. All pigs were examined for antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), P. multocida toxin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5–7, 12 (complement-fixation tests). The most-common pattern (28%) of seroconversion was that of pigs first seroconverting to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, followed by seroconversion to M. hyopneumoniae. Each herd had a dominant serotype of A. pleuropneumoniae to which most pigs seroconverted. Seroconversion to the respiratory pathogens occurred mainly in the growing-to-finishing units (8–24 weeks). The risk of seroconversion to the P. multocida toxin was very low (<20%) and occurred late.

None, four and seven herds tested seropositive to PRRS and to swine influenza virus subtypes H3N2 and H1N1, respectively, when testing 10 pigs per herd (selected randomly among the study pigs) at the age of 20 weeks.     

猪小肠粘膜上皮细胞的分离及体外原代培养模型的建立

用机械刮取小肠粘膜加胶原酶Ⅱ消化的方法,采用新生未吮乳仔猪小肠组织,成功地分离了猪小肠粘膜上皮细胞(Intestinal epithelial cells,IEC)且在体外培养传代,并采用碱性磷酸酶和角蛋白免疫学试验鉴定,结果表明:体外培养的猪IEC在DMEM-F12培养基中,细胞在1~2d贴壁,5~6d形成细胞克隆,9~11d融合成片;碱性磷酸酶和生物素标记的细胞角蛋白抗体鉴定结果显示90%培养的细胞为阳性,分别从生化的角度证明和细胞生物学角度鉴定了所培养的细胞为IEC。     

Significance of haemotrophic mycoplasmas in veterinary medicine with particular regard to the Mycoplasma suis infection in swine

Phylogenetic investigations led to the definition of a new group of bacteria called haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas).The life cycle of said globally spread bacteria is dependent on their intimate contact with their host erythrocytes. Illnesses showing symptoms of a haemolytic anaemia are usually found in cats and swine. Haemoplasmas are small pleomorphic bacteria (0.3-3 microm) with a very small genome (745-1245 kbp).To date there is very limited knowledge on their biology and the host-bacteria-interactions (immune response, pathogenesis) since these bacteria are yet not culturable. Applying modern molecular biological techniques we succeeded during the last few years in gaining new facts on the antigen structure of M.suis as well as on the immunology and pathogenesis of the porcine eperythrozoonosis.Thus we detected three main antigens two of which we expressed recombinant in our laboratory. These surface-exposed antigens serve as a basis for establishing serologic assays, and are vaccine candidates, too. Preliminary studies allowed us to find the function of an adhesin of M. suis for one of the two proteins.     

Prevalence of respiratory diseases and their association with growth rate and space in randomly selected swine herds.

The prevalence and extent of respiratory tract lesions were measured in 1425 pigs from 27 randomly selected herds in the summer of 1982 and winter of 1983. About 75% of pigs had lesions of enzootic pneumonia, approximately 60% had atrophic rhinitis and approximately 11% had pleuropneumonia and/or pleuritis. Individual pig growth rate was recorded on two of the farms, and it was found that the correlations between growth rate and severity of enzootic pneumonia lesions were positive on one farm and negative on the other. Negative correlations between severity of turbinate atrophy and growth rate existed in one of the two herds. Extent of pneumonia and severity of turbinate atrophy were poorly related in individual pigs but herd averages were moderately and positively correlated. Prevalence of diffuse pleuritis and of pleuropneumonia were positively related, as were the extent of pneumonia and prevalence of localized pleuritis. Prevalence of pleuropneumonia was strongly correlated with increased days-to-market. A method of estimating the average days-to-market using weekly herd data (inventory) was developed.     

苜蓿组织培养体细胞胚发生体系的建立

采用17个农艺性状优良的苜蓿Medicago sativa丰产品种,诱导体细胞胚发生,结果表明:苜蓿无菌苗子叶在含有2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和0.25 mg/L KT的MS培养基(有机物质有改变)上诱导出愈伤组织;愈伤组织在含有0.05 mg/L NAA和0.5 mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上形成胚性愈伤组织,并伴随着体细胞胚的发生;发育到子叶期的体细胞胚在不加任何激素的MS培养基上就可以萌发,再生成完整植株。     

组织块再移法分离培养奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞

通过比较组织块贴壁培养法、组织块再移法、胰蛋白酶消化法、胶原酶Ⅱ消化法和胶原酶消化配合组织块贴壁法分离、培养、纯化山羊乳腺上皮细胞,绘制细胞生长曲线并计算细胞群体倍增时间,研究乳腺上皮细胞培养效果。结果显示,利用胶原酶消化配合组织块贴壁法不能获得正常生长的乳腺上皮细胞;利用组织块贴壁培养法、组织块再移法和胶原酶Ⅱ消化法获得大量的乳腺上皮细胞,所得到的上皮细胞生长曲线呈典型的＂S＂型,符合细胞生长的一般规律。组织块再移法不仅可快速获得大量纯化的乳腺上皮细胞,而且所得到的细胞经传代后,细胞群体倍增时间最短、增殖能力最强,表明,该法是获得山羊乳腺上皮细胞最适宜的方法。