牛莫尼茨绦虫病的病原与诊治

1病原及生活史牛绦虫病是由扩展莫尼茨绦虫和贝氏莫尼茨绦虫寄生在牛小肠里引起危害严重的寄生虫病。在我国常见的莫尼茨绦虫有扩展莫尼茨绦虫和贝氏莫尼茨绦虫，后者多寄生于犊牛。两种虫体在外观上相似，均为乳白色，头节小，圆形，上有四个椭圆形吸盘，无钩，无顶突，节片宽而短，成熟节片内有两套生殖器官，每侧一套。卵巢和卵黄腺在节片两侧相互构成菊花状环形。睾丸数百个，分布于整个节片内。子宫成网状，生殖孔各向一侧开口。在节片后缘有节间腺。扩展莫尼茨绦虫的节间腺呈环状，疏松地排列于节片后缘，其两端几乎可达纵排泄管。     

贝氏莫尼茨绦虫（Moniezia benedina）与扩展莫尼茨绦虫（Moniezia expansa）白形态学鉴别

1 形态结构描述 贝氏莫尼茨绦虫和扩展莫尼茨绦虫是我国常见的寄生于反刍动物的大型绦虫。它们外观极为相似，由二千多个节片组成，扩展莫尼茨绦虫节片多一些。头节小，近球形，上下稍扁平，有4个吸盘，无顶突和小钩；体节宽而短，头颈不分节，前部体节属未成熟体节，较细小，长度小于宽度，从距头节3．5～3．6mm处开始，每一个体节前缘的背面和腹面部分布有节间腺，     

扩展莫尼茨绦虫wnt基因在虫体不同发育体节的差异表达

研究扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)wnt基因家族wnt1、wnt2、wnt4、wnt5和wnt11B5个基因在虫体不同发育体节的差异表达及组织分布规律,为进一步揭示Wnt信号通路在扩展莫尼茨绦虫发育中的作用奠定基础。作者采用SYBR GreenⅠqRT-PCR方法分析了wnt1、wnt2、wnt4、wnt5和wnt11B在虫体头颈节、幼节、成节和孕节的mRNA相对转录情况;采用核酸原位杂交方法分析上述5个基因在虫体头颈节、幼节、成节和孕节的mRNA分布情况。结果显示,wnt基因家族成员在虫体各发育体节均有表达,wnt1、wnt4、wnt5和wnt11B基因在虫体头颈节的mRNA转录水平相对较高,而在虫体孕节的mRNA转录水平最低;与之相反,wnt2基因在虫体头颈节的mRNA转录水平最低,而在虫体幼节的转录水平较高。原位杂交的结果表明,在虫体的头颈节,wnt基因主要表达于虫体的吸盘部位;在幼节和孕节,主要表达于虫体的节间腺,而在成节,wnt基因在虫体的雌雄生殖系统(如卵巢、睾丸)均有表达,并且在虫体的节间腺以及表皮也有一定的表达。综上,扩展莫尼茨绦虫5个wnt基因在虫体头颈节以及幼节的mRNA转录水平较高,且在虫体的吸盘、节间腺以及雌雄生殖细胞均有分布,因此初步推测Wnt信号通路可能参与扩展莫尼茨绦虫体节以及生殖细胞的发育过程,当然这一假说还有待进一步验证。     

贝氏莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia benedini)与扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)的形态学鉴别

1形态结构描述贝氏莫尼茨绦虫和扩展莫尼茨绦虫是我国常见的寄生于反刍动物的大型绦虫。它们外观极为相似,由二千多个节片组成,扩展莫尼茨绦虫节片多一些。头节小,近球形,上下稍扁平,有4个吸盘.无顶突和小钩;体节宽而短,头颈不分节,前部体节属未成熟体节。较细小,长度小于宽度,从距头     

对莫尼茨绦虫节间腺的观察及新发现

通过对莫尼茨绦虫节片标本的观察,对其节间腺存在方式有几个新发现:一是节间腺在节片的前后缘都有分布;二是扩展莫尼茨绦虫节片前后缘的节间腺等长,而贝氏莫尼茨绦虫在幼节阶段,节片前后缘的节间腺长短不等;三是节间腺的数目随着体节的发育不断增加和延长。     

绵羊莫尼茨绦虫的防治

<正>莫尼茨绦虫包括贝氏莫尼茨绦虫和扩展莫尼茨绦虫,成虫长约4~10米,宽1.6厘米,寄生于牛羊等反刍动物的小肠内,夺取大量的营养,严重影响动物的生长发育,对羔羊和犊牛的危害严重,有时甚至造成死亡。莫尼茨绦虫体在牛羊和地螨之间形成循环,牛羊将虫卵或孕节随粪便排出体外,虫卵被地螨吞食后,在其体内逸出六钩蚴,经40天左右可在地螨体内发育成感染性的似囊     

山羊扩展莫尼茨绦虫病的防治

山羊扩展莫尼茨绦虫病是由裸头科、莫尼茨属的扩展莫尼茨绦虫（Moniezia expansa）寄生于山羊小肠而引起的一种消化道寄生虫病。特别对羔羊危害严重，羔羊不但易感，感染后常会引起腹泻、贫血、消瘦、阻碍生长发育，严重可致死亡，造成很大的经济损失。现对一起山羊扩展莫尼茨绦虫病的防治报告如下。     

基于ITS基因分析扩展莫尼茨绦虫种系发育关系

为研究扩展莫尼茨绦虫分离株核糖体ITS序列的遗传变异情况,并利用ITS序列探讨扩展莫尼茨绦虫与其它带科绦虫的种群发育关系,本研究利用PCR对扩展莫尼茨绦虫分离株核糖体ITS序列进行扩增、测序及分析。结果表明:16株扩展莫尼茨绦虫分离株核糖体ITS序列长度一致,为1462~1473bP,且分离株与基因库扩展莫尼茨绦虫位于同一大分支,可以与其它带科绦虫有效鉴别。说明ITS序列种内较为保守,种间差异较大,可以作为扩展莫尼茨绦虫的种间遗传变异研究的分子标记。     

贝氏莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia benedini)与扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)的行态学鉴别

中间宿主:地螨 1 形态结构描述 贝氏莫尼茨绦虫和扩展莫尼茨绦虫是我国常见的寄生于反刍动物的大型绦虫.它们外观极为相似,由二千多个节片组成,扩展莫尼茨绦虫节片多一些.     

贝氏莫尼茨绦虫感染绵羊对小肠局部黏膜淋巴组织的影响

为了研究贝氏莫尼茨绦虫自然感染绵羊对小肠黏膜免疫组织的影响,分别从宏观、微观及亚微观水平对自然感染贝氏莫尼茨绦虫的成年绵羊(感染组)肠道进行了细致地观察,并与正常成年绵羊(正常组)进行了比较.结果显示,感染组肠道所见虫体平均长度为1.5m,头节主要吸附在空肠淋巴集结分布丰富的部位,一般寄生数量为1～2条.眼观,虫体寄生部位黏膜增厚,表面有大量灰白色黏液附着,其间可见点状出血.镜下,局部黏膜上皮脱落,而在完整的黏膜上皮处,其上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞、杯状细胞的数量都明显增多;固有层内毛细血管充血,淋巴细胞、浆细胞、弥散淋巴组织以及肠腺杯状细胞均有不同程度的增生,头节寄生处部分肠腺坏死;黏膜下层淋巴小结、淋巴集结显著增生,部分增生凸入固有层形成新的圆顶区;固有层与黏膜下层以及黏膜肌层可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润.扫描电镜下,感染组肠黏膜上皮脱落;贝氏莫尼茨绦虫头节呈椭球状,有4个吸盘,无顶突,小沟,表面覆盖一层致密的微绒毛.研究结果表明,肠黏膜增厚,主要是局部黏膜免疫相关细胞在寄生虫虫体表面覆盖的微绒毛的不断刺激下,机体抗感染自身组织增生所致.成年绵羊对抗贝氏莫尼茨绦虫的感染可能是通过黏膜免疫相关组织增生来加强局部免疫力而实现的.     

水牛体内发现菲策属吸虫一新种

1981年在浙江象山县水牛体内发现一种新的菲策属吸虫,体型粗短,长度小等,体长8.0～11.9毫米,宽4～5毫米,虫体中部两侧近平行;肠支扭曲,盲端仅达虫体中部,睾丸巨大,略带前后倾斜排列,与最近似种泰国菲策吸虫的区别在于后者外观呈瓜子形,肠支直而无扭曲,睾丸小而前后排列,卵巢呈球形。作者定名为水牛菲策吸虫(Fischoederius bubalis n.sp.)     

Specific antibody responses to Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis and Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs

Groups of dogs reared free of both nematodes and cestodes were infected with Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis or Echinococcus granulosus. After infections with the Taenia spp became patent, dogs were purged to remove the worms. They were later reinfected and the second infections again removed by purging after patency. A group of 3 uninfected worm free dogs was kept as age-matched controls. The dogs were bled at intervals of 5 days and their serums tested for antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with excretory/secretory (ES) antigens collected during in vitro incubation of evaginated scoleces (scolex ES antigen) and oncosphere antigens. Antibodies to scolex ES antigen were detected by 3 weeks after infection with each cestode species whereas antibodies to oncosphere antigen were not detected until about one week after eggs were found in the faeces of the infected dogs. Antibody responses to both oncosphere and scolex ES antigens decreased rapidly following removal of the worms by purging. Uninfected control dogs were invariably negative to both oncospheral and scolex ES antigens. There were cross-reactions between the serums from dogs infected with T. pisiformis and T. hydatigena when tested with scolex ES antigens, but oncospheral antigens showed a high degree of species specificity. Scolex ES antigens from E. granulosus were compared with those prepared from T. hydatigena and T. pisiformis for their ability to discriminate between antibodies in serums collected from dogs 31 and 32 days after infection with 100,000 protoscoleces of E. granulosus or dogs infected with Taenia spp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同品种和年龄牛胆囊的比较组织学研究

通过对八例健康黄牛和健康小牛胆囊的比较组织学观察，我们发现，牛胆囊中以颈部粘膜皱臂明显，体部渐平坦，底部最少。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，内有少量杯关细胞，大部分胆囊可见有淋巴滤泡，但是在血管周围未见淋巴和异染细胞的浸润，证明滤泡的形成与胆囊感洒无关。这种淋巴滤泡在黄牛胆囊中较多，水牛胆囊仅见一例。在黄牛和水牛胆囊中，均有腺体存在，黄牛的腺体明显多于水牛。腺体分为浆液腺、粘液腺和混合腺。老龄牛胆囊中腺     

Use of praziquantel for the control of Moniezia expansa in lambs

The efficacy of a drench containing praziquantel in combination with levamisole was evaluated in four trials performed in the 1990-91 and 1992-93 seasons in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. The trials involved 93 naturally infected lambs and compared the efficacy of a 3.75 mg/kg praziquantel 7.5mg/kg levamisole drench against Moniezia expansa, with albendazole, an albendazole-levamisole combination and oxyclozanide-levamisole combination in controlled trials. There was no significant reduction in the number of Moniezia expansa scoleces or proglottids in the control, albendazole and albendazole-levamisole groups. Oxyclozanide gave a high clearance of proglottids, but a 28% reduction of scoleces. The praziquantel-levamisole combination demonstrated complete removal of segments in all trials, and of scoleces in two trials. One scolex was found in each of the two other trials. The combination was also tested for efficacy against nematode parasites. Total worm counts indicated that levamisole in the praziquantel-levamisole combination drench retained its efficacy. The economic benefits of the use of the praziquantel-levamisole drench were investigated. This trial compared the liveweight gains of three groups of 100 lambs treated twice 4 weeks apart with either levamisole or with the praziquantel-levamisole combination or acting as untreated control group. The group treated with the praziquantel-levamisole combination gained significantly more weight in both 4-week periods and overall, when compared with either the control or levamisole treated animals.     

Maturation of Paramphistomum cervi in sheep in India

Histological studies of the trematode Paramphistomum cervi collected throughout the year from the rumen of sheep, revealed the occurrence of gravid worms from April to August and immature worms from September to March. The maturation of the gonads and the accessory sex glands i.e., the prostate-, Mehli's- and vitelline-gland began during the period March-April and showed functional peaks during the period July-August, which coincided with the availability of the intermediate host, Indoplanorbis exustus in nature. Maturation as well as the incidence of infection of P. cervi have also been discussed in relation to various ecological factors, i.e., rainfall and temperature.     

云南河口县褐家鼠肝脏感染链尾蚴囊的组织形态学观察

本文报道云南河口县查见褐家鼠肝脏感染链尾蚴。链尾蚴囊呈圆形,乳白色,直径在4—6mm不等,分布在鼠肝右叶中间或边缘。链尾蚴长约14mm,头节顶突上有两圈透明的小钩36只,头节内有四个吸盘,链体尾部有囊。组织形态学观察确定了褐家鼠肝中链尾蚴,描述了链尾蚴和包囊的组织结构。     

Humoral immune response to Dipylidium caninum infection of stray dogs in Taiwan

Two kinds of homogeneous proglottid, mature and gravid, of Dipylidium caninum were used as the antigens for immunodiagnosis of canine dipylidiosis in stray dogs in Tainan, Taiwan. The ELISA was performed on 30 serum samples; 24 from dipylidiosis, four from ancylostomosis and two from toxocariosis. The ELISA have specificity and sensitive of 100 and 50% for mature proglottid extract, and 75 and 100%, respectively, for gravid proglottid extract. EITB technique showed two major peptide bands of 94.8 and 97.9kDa were recognized in the sera pool of infected dogs.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL PARATHYROID GLANDS AND THYROID LOBULES IN NORMOCALCEMIC DOGS

The purpose of this study is to characterize the sonographic appearance of canine parathyroid glands using high‐resolution ultrasonography. Ten cadaver dogs were studied after euthanasia for reasons not relating to the parathyroid. The cervical region was examined using a 13–5 MHz linear transducer in right and left recumbency. Ultrasonographic features of the parathyroid and thyroid glands were compared with the gross and histopathologic findings. Thirty‐five structures were identified sonographically as parathyroid glands but only 26 of 35 glands (74% positive predictive value) were proven to be normal parathyroid glands histopathologically. Of the nine false positives, five (14%) were proven to be lobular thyroid tissue. The remaining four (11%) structures were visible grossly or found histopathologically. There were no statistical differences between ultrasonographic and gross measurements of the parathyroid glands. The average size as seen sonographically was 3.3 × 2.2 × 1.7 mm and the average gross size was 3.7 × 2.6 × 1.6 mm (length, width, height). The average size of the thyroid lobules assessed sonographically was 2.3 × 1.6 × 0.8 mm (length, width, height). Normal parathyroid glands can be identified using high‐resolution ultrasonography. But some thyroid lobules will be misinterpreted as parathyroid glands; this will result in false positives when identifying parathyroid glands with ultrasonography.     

豆状囊尾蚴的超微结构观察

本研究旨在观察豆状囊尾蚴在不同状态下的超微结构。从肉联厂屠宰检验采取豆状囊尾蚴,直接剪破囊泡从中取出豆状囊尾蚴;或用含10%胆汁生理盐水培养囊尾蚴,待其从囊泡中翻出后,用扫描电镜观察和记录。位于囊泡内的头节,从其顶端观察,顶突呈伞状,皮肌柱连接小钩覆盖于头节的前端。从侧面观察,一排有鹿角样的小钩附着于顶突。4个吸盘呈洞穴状位于顶突之后分布在头节的四周。原始颈节较宽,体节较细,表面均有许多皱褶。培养后的豆状囊尾蚴可明显区分为头节、颈节、体节和囊泡区,顶突上的皮肌柱收缩,鹿角样的小钩向周围伸展,吸盘也发生环形和纵形收缩,颈节的环状收缩和体节的纵行收缩均明显可辨。豆状囊尾蚴处于不同状态时,其超微结构明显不同。