慢病毒载体及慢病毒介导的RNA干扰

慢病毒载体是高效的基因转导工具,能将外源基因序列稳定导入分裂期细胞和非分裂期细胞.将慢病毒载体与RNA干扰结合能在哺乳动物的各类细胞中特异性抑制同源基因的表达,它将是基因功能研究和基因治疗的有力手段.应用慢病毒栽体进行转基因动物的制备,转基因的效率将得到显著提高.慢病毒介导的RNA干扰具有高效、稳定、特异性强的特点,它能在哺乳动物的各类细胞、多种疾病的离体细胞中实现稳定的RNA干扰.该技术被广泛用于基因功能的研究,在疾病的基因治疗上也具有良好的前景.     

慢病毒载体及慢病毒介导的RNA干扰

慢病毒载体是高效的基因转导工具,能将外源基因序列稳定导入分裂期细胞和非分裂期细胞.将慢病毒载体与RNA干扰结合能在哺乳动物的各类细胞中特异性抑制同源基因的表达,它将是基因功能研究和基因治疗的有力手段.应用慢病毒载体进行转基因动物的制备,转基因的效率将得到显著提高.慢病毒介导的RNA干扰具有高效、稳定、特异性强的特点,它能在哺乳动物的各类细胞、多种疾病的离体细胞中实现稳定的RNA干扰.该技术被广泛用于基因功能的研究,在疾病的基因治疗上也具有良好的前景.     

慢病毒介导的小鼠生长抑素shRNA序列的设计和筛选

生长抑素(SS)是一种多功能的脑肠肽,在动物生长轴中主要作为生长激素(GH)的负性调控因子。本研究通过慢病毒表达质粒介导shRNA,瞬时转染自身表达SS的BHK-21细胞,筛选出了靶向小鼠SS的最有效的siRNA序列。首先,分别在小鼠SS基因mRNA的246、433和539bp处找到潜在靶位点,合成3条siRNA转录模板的发夹结构以及1条阴性对照,体外退火后插入pshRNA-copGFP lentivector构建重组质粒。然后,通过对转染BHK-21细胞的荧光观察、Real-time PCR、免疫组化以及RIA等检测,转染细胞SS在mRNA水平及蛋白水平均检测到不同程度的抑制(P<0.05)。其中,psh2(SS 433～451)表现出了最高的沉默效率(转染效率68.9%时,mRNA水平的沉默效率达59.3%,P<0.05;蛋白质水平的沉默效率达55.6%,P<0.05)。本研究为降低SS在动物体内的分泌,相应提高GH的浓度,进而为促进动物生长的研究奠定了基础。     

慢病毒介导的RNAi靶向NDVP基因抑制其在CEF上的复制

通过研究慢病毒介导的RNA干扰靶向新城疫病毒P基因抑制其在鸡胚成纤维细胞上的复制,从而为新城疫病毒的抗病毒研究奠定基础。①针对NDVP基因设计siRNA干扰序列,构建慢病毒（lentivirus）介导的RNAi重组载体;②携带有siRNA表达元件重组慢病毒包装及其滴度测定;③包装后重组慢病毒接种CEF细胞并接毒NDV,48h分别进行Realtime RT-PCR和NDV滴度测定,并观察细胞病变情况。结果表明,本研究针对NDVNA-1株P基因2个RNAi靶位（位于开放阅读框的641和827位）设计的RNAi641和RNAi-827,对病毒复制具很强的抑制效果,且641位的重要性大于827位．     

水牛脂多糖结合蛋白基因表达载体构建及其shRNA片段的筛选

试验旨在构建水牛脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)基因融合蛋白表达载体,探讨其在293细胞中的表达情况;筛选获得可抑制水牛LBP基因表达的shRNA干扰片段。采用RT-PCR方法,以水牛肝脏cDNA为模板,扩增水牛LBP开放阅读框(ORF),将其连接到pMD18-T载体中。序列测定并分析正确后,采用SalⅠ和BamHⅠ进行双酶切,将水牛LBP基因编码区定向克隆至pDsRed-N1载体中,构建其融合蛋白表达载体pDsRed-N1-LBP。设计2个针对LBP靶基因序列的shRNA(774-792、1212-1231),同时设计无关序列1864作为阴性对照。合成好的shRNA序列先退火连接到pUC 57载体上,再亚克隆到慢病毒表达载体pSicoR-GFP中,将重组质粒命名为pSicoR-GFP-shLBP774/1212/1864(N.C),采用PCR和测序方法鉴定阳性克隆。将LBP融合蛋白表达载体和其shRNA慢病毒表达载体经脂质体共转染293细胞,48 h后观测荧光蛋白表达情况。收集共转染细胞样品,采用实时定量PCR(QRT-PCR)检测LBP基因的表达,筛选有效抑制LBP基因表达的shRNA干扰序列。结果表明,成功构建水牛LBP融合蛋白表达载体pDsRed-N1-LBP,并在293细胞中瞬时表达。PCR和测序结果均证实所构建的shRNA慢病毒表达载体pSicoR-GFP-shLBP774/1212/1864(N.C)为阳性克隆。共转染48 h后观测,红色和绿色荧光蛋白均有表达。QRT-PCR检测结果显示,shRNA-774和shRNA-1212对293细胞中LBP基因mRNA的表达均有抑制效果,抑制效率分别为49.53%、29.27%。因此,设计合成的2条shRNA序列能有效抑制水牛LBP基因的表达,这为进一步探讨LBP基因在LPS诱导的革兰氏阴性菌跨膜机制和信号转导中的作用机理研究奠定了基础。     

家兔DEPTOR基因过表达和shRNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建与验证

为了构建DEPTOR基因的过表达载体和shRNA干扰慢病毒载体,并验证载体的有效性,试验采用RT-PCR方法扩增兔DEPTOR基因编码区(CDS)序列,得到DEPTOR基因片段,同时合成DEPTOR基因的shRNA干扰序列。将DEPTOR基因片段分别连接到慢病毒真核表达载体pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1和融合表达载体pEGFP-N1上,获得过表达载体pLVX-DEPTOR-IRES-ZsGreen1和pEGFP-DEPTOR;将shRNA干扰序列连接到慢病毒干扰载体pSicoR-Ef1a-mCh上,获得shRNA干扰慢病毒载体pSicoR-shRNA-508。用过表达载体转染HEK 293T细胞,72 h后观察荧光蛋白的表达情况并收集细胞,RT-PCR检测细胞水平上DEPTOR基因的表达情况。使用多质粒共同转染法,将过表达载体pEGFP-DEPTOR与shRNA干扰慢病毒载体pSicoR-shRNA-508按照1∶1比例转染HEK 293T细胞,72 h后观察荧光蛋白的表达情况并收集细胞,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测shRNA干扰序列对DEPTOR基因表达的干扰效率。结果表明：...     

绵羊Myostatin基因shRNA慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

针对绵羊Myostatin基因特异性序列,设计4对shRNA,并合成高表达载体。将干扰质粒和高表达载体瞬时共转染HEK293细胞,应用Real-time PCR鉴定干扰效率,将筛选到最有效的shRNA表达载体和pDONR221载体进行BP重组反应,以获得含干扰序列的入门载体。然后将含干扰序列的入门载体和慢病毒表达的目的载体pLenti6/BLOCK-iT-DEST进行LR重组反应,以获得含干扰序列的慢病毒表达载体。qPCR检测病毒物理滴度。结果本试验成功构建绵羊Myostatin基因RNAi慢病毒载体,病毒的滴度为：9.3×109 TU/mL。为研究Myostatin基因对肌肉生长的影响提供了稳定感染细胞载体。     

猪skMLCK基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建及干扰效率测定

为了构建猪骨骼肌肌球蛋白轻链激酶(sk MLCK)基因有效短发夹RNA(shRNA)的慢病毒载体,筛选出最佳干扰效率的序列,采用RNAi技术,设计并合成3条siRNA干扰序列,插入到慢病毒穿梭质粒(h U6-CMV-puror-Ploy A)上,与慢病毒包装系统共转染293T细胞,收集病毒上清并进行病毒滴度的测定,将其转染小鼠C2C12细胞,分别用实时定量PCR和Western blot方法检测细胞中sk MLCK基因mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果显示:PCR扩增和测序分析结果显示靶向sk MLCK RNAi慢病毒载体构建成功;转染小鼠C2C12细胞后,sk MLCK基因mRNA和蛋白均受到不同程度抑制,实时定量PCR显示,抑制率分别为(29.2±4.43)%、(76.4±7.33)%、(20.0±1.8)%;Western blot显示,抑制率分别为(29.6±5)%、(42.4±1.6)%、(34.3±1.2)%。结论:成功构建猪sk MLCK基因有效shRNA的慢病毒载体,确定干扰载体-2(sk MLCKRNAi-2)具有最佳干扰效果,证实sk MLCK基因RNAi慢病毒载体能有效抑制目的基因mRNA和蛋白的表达,为进一步研究该基因与肌肉肉质性状的关系奠定了基础。     

慢病毒介导的生长抑素shRNA对BHK-21细胞生长的影响

采用慢病毒介导的shRNA沉默细胞自身生长抑素（SS）的表达,同时,以pcDNA3．1-SS（pSS）真核表达载体转染细胞作为阳性对照,研究SS对BHK-21细胞的抑制增殖作用,同时观察SS是否具有促进细胞凋亡的作用。MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线可知,pSS转染细胞的生长受到明显抑制,抑制效率为9．63％（P〈0．05）;而LV—sh2组细胞的生长密度是对照组细胞的117．33％（P〈0．05）,表明SS对细胞的增殖具有抑制作用。流式细胞检测细胞凋亡表明,pSS转染组和LV-shRNA感染组凋亡细胞含量分别是对照组凋亡细胞含量的1．97倍（P〈0．05）和24．30％（P〈0．05）,表明SS通过诱导细胞凋亡发挥抑制细胞增殖的作用。本研究为SS及其类似物作为治疗药物的进一步开发应用提供了理论依据。     

猪Sirt2慢病毒干扰载体的构建

为了研究猪Sirt2基因在脂肪细胞增殖和分化中的作用,试验针对Sirt2基因设计并合成了3对siRNA序列,经退火、酶切后连接于慢病毒表达载体LentiH1上,然后与慢病毒包装质粒混合共转染293T细胞,48 h后收集细胞,浓缩病毒,并检测病毒效价和感染效率.结果表明:3个shRNA慢病毒干扰载体经包装浓缩后获得的病毒...     

水牛KDM4D基因克隆分析及其真核表达载体的构建

旨在克隆水牛组蛋白去甲基化酶KDM4D (lysine K-specific demethylase 4D)基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,并构建KDM4D基因的真核表达载体,为研究KDM4D基因在水牛体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT)胚胎发育中的作用奠定基础。试验从水牛睾丸组织中提取总RNA,反转录cDNA后, RT-PCR技术克隆KDM4D基因片段,并运用生物信息学软件对序列进行分析;随后将KDM4D基因片段连接至真核表达载体pEGFP-C1,再把重组质粒转染进HEK293T细胞。结果表明,克隆所得的水牛KDM4D基因片段编码区全长1 155 bp,共编码384个氨基酸。水牛KDM4D基因与黄牛、山羊、绵羊、犬、猫、猪、人、小鼠、大鼠的同源性分别为98.4%,96.6%,96.3%,84.9%,84.1%,81.4%,80.4%,77.4%,77.3%。多重比较和进化树分析结果显示,KDM4D基因在不同物种及生物进化中具有较高的保守性。蛋白结构域分析显示,克隆所得的KDM4D蛋白结构特殊,只具有1个JmjN (Jumonji N)和1个JmjC (jumonji C)结构域,与KDM4家族其他成员相比缺少PHD (plant homeodomain)和Tud (tudor)功能域。KDM4D蛋白质三级结构预测结果显示,水牛、黄牛和人3种物种间具有较高的相似性。转染结果显示,构建的重组质粒可以在HEK293T细胞中表达。本试验成功克隆水牛KDM4D基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-KDM4D,并在HEK293T细胞中成功表达。     

靶向新城疫病毒NP基因的shRNA重组腺病毒表达载体的构建及鉴定

为验证腺病毒载体在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)及鸡胚中递送小干扰RNA的可行性,本实验利用共转染技术将表达针对新城疫病毒(NDV)NP基因shRNA的重组质粒同源重组到pGSadeno腺病毒载体系统,用重组腺病毒感染CEF和鸡胚,通过红荧光报告基因的表达情况和荧光定量PCR检测NP基因mRNA的表达对其进行鉴定,并通过细胞形态观察、血凝价的测定评价其在CEF和鸡胚上对NDV增殖的影响。实验结果显示重组腺病毒能够感染CEF,感染CEF后6h、9h、12h与对照组比较NP基因mRNA的表达量分别降低了3.2倍,25.6倍,2.57倍,并能够推迟NDV致细胞病变效应,抑制NDV在鸡胚上的增殖,延缓鸡胚的死亡。本实验构建的重组腺病毒能够在CEF和鸡胚上递送特异的shRNA,为在CEF中的RNA干涉研究开辟了新的递送途径。     

靶向口蹄疫病毒IRES区RNA干扰位点的选择及shRNA表达载体的构建与鉴定

以口蹄疫病毒WFL株为试验株,对口蹄疫病毒的IRES序列进行了保守性分析和RNA二级结构预测,推测高度保守的FMDV复制原点区域位于容易被siRNA结合的IRESRNA二级结构的环区,因此,在该区选择确定了2个siRNA干扰靶位,设计并合成能表达其小发夹结构shRNA的表达模板,克隆到含有U6启动子的真核表达载体中,建立了靶向口蹄疫病毒IRES区的siRNA真核表达系统,为进一步研究针对该区的RNA干扰对口蹄疫病毒的抑制作用打下了基础。     

Evaluation of brucellosis RB51 vaccine for domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Trinidad

Thirty-two young domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were obtained from a brucellosis-free farm to determine effectiveness of RB51 vaccination for prevention of Brucella infection under natural-exposure conditions in Trinidad. Study animals (20 males and 12 females 5–20 months old) were assigned to vaccination or control groups, using a block randomization design ensuring equal sex distributions between groups. The vaccination group received commercially available RB51 at the recommended calfhood dose of (1.0–3.4)×10¹⁰ colony-forming units (CFU) and controls received 2 ml sterile saline. Vaccination did not result in positive serologic results as measured by four traditional agglutination tests: standard tube agglutination test (STAT), standard plate agglutination test (SPAT), buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), and card agglutination. Study animals were maintained in a brucellosis-positive herd in southern Trinidad with an estimated 56% prevalence to allow for natural exposure to B. abortus, which was evaluated using STAT, SPAT, BPAT, and card tests. Animals were sampled seven times over 2 years and were classified as positive if they had persistent agglutination titers or had Brucella isolated from specimens collected at completion of the study. Five of the original 32 study animals were lost to follow-up during the field trial. Six of the 14 (43%) vaccinated animals completing the study were classified as positive for Brucella infection—as were two of the 13 (15%) control animals (P=0.21). Isolates from four vaccinates and one control were confirmed as B. abortus biovar 1.     

An investigation of the role of soluble CD14 in hospitalized,sick horses

The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the effects of equine soluble CD14 (sCD14) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to equine CD14 on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion from equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and to (2) determine serum concentrations of sCD14 in a population of horses with gastrointestinal diseases or other illnesses likely to result in endotoxemia. Equine PBMC isolated from 10 healthy horses were incubated with Escherichia coli LPS plus CD14 mAb or sCD14 and assayed for TNF-α activity. Pre-incubation with CD14 mAb did not inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α production, whereas use of sCD14 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, blood samples from 55 ill and 23 healthy horses were used to determine serum concentrations of sCD14. Concentrations of sCD14 were positively correlated to respiratory rate, duration of clinical signs and band neutrophil count. Although serum sCD14 was significantly increased in the ill horses compared to healthy horses, sCD14 did not correlate with outcome. Results of this study indicate that release of sCD14 is increased in ill horses and that TNF-α production by PBMC is decreased when cells are treated with sCD14.     

靶向S基因外源性microRNA抑制TGEV增殖效果的研究

应用生物信息学软件对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S基因进行分析,筛选出可能与S基因有相互作用的外源miRNA:amiRNA-S-28035,amiRNA-S-28038,amiRNA-S-28165。之后,利用脂质体将构建好的相应的表达载体瞬时转染至PK-15细胞;通过Q-PCR和间接免疫荧光方法检测其对S基因的抑制作用;CPE分析和TCID50测定检测其对TGEV增殖的抑制效果。结果发现,3个外源性miRNA均降低了S基因mRNA的转录和蛋白的表达,其中amiRNA-S-28038对TGEV mRNA的平均抑制率可达64.6%,最高可达69.9%,表明外源性microRNA可以通过靶向TGEV基因组来抑制TGEV的复制。研究结果为猪传染性胃肠炎的预防和治疗提供了新的思路。     

Porcine CD5 gene and gene product identified on the basis of inter-species conserved cytoplasmic domain sequences

Analysis of published CD5 amino acid sequences identified conserved sequences with potentially immunogenic epitopes. To obtain anti-porcine CD5, synthetic peptides representing conserved sequences identified in mouse, human, cattle and sheep CD5 cytoplasmic tail domains were linked to KLH and used to immunize rabbits. Anti-synthetic peptide serum reacted with an antigen extracted from porcine lymphocyte membrane which was consistent in size (67 kDa) with CD5. Murine monoclonal anti-porcine wCD5 (b53b7) and the anti-CD5 synthetic peptide serum react with the same ligand confirming that porcine wCD5 has conserved amino acid sequences similar to those of CD5 of several species. Analysis of porcine genome for CD5 gene sequences by PCR was conducted to verify the presence of CD5-like genes. Oligomeric primers were designed to identify CD5-like sequences by polymerase chain reaction in pigs and other species. Amplified DNA similar in size to that predicted for CD5 elements were amplified from a variety of animal genomes including that of pig. The porcine-derived fragment was cloned and shown to be 96% similar to mouse CD5. The use of published CD sequences for prediction of immunogenic peptides has provided a complimentary alternative to the more traditional approaches to production of CD-specific antibodies.     

Enhanced protocol for CD14+ cell enrichment from equine peripheral blood via anti‐human CD14 mAb and automated magnetic activated cell sorting

Reasons for performing study: CD14 positive (CD14+) cells are the precursor cells of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs). In horses their potent antigen‐presenting capacity and ability to induce an effective immune response classify these cells suitable for several therapeutic approaches such as for equine sarcoid. However, in horses, the generation efficiency of DCs from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is currently still poor. Objectives: Establishment of a simple short protocol to enhance DC generation in horses by using a human CD14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an automated magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) system. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh heparinised blood samples of 3 horses and primarily stained for flow cytometric analysis (FACS) with a mAb against human CD14 as well as a secondary phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated antibody to determine the initial percentage of CD14 cells in the sample. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for automated MACS using the same primary and secondary antibodies and analysed by FACS. CD14+ selected cells were cultured for 4 days adding granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) to the culture media. Dendritic cell generation was assessed analysing cell morphology and surface marker expression (hCD83, hCD86, eqMHCII). Results: Prior to selection, the mean percentage of CD14+ cells in the total cell population was 5.5%, further gaiting of this cell population resulted in 78.46% CD14+ monocytes. After our positive selection the mean percentage of CD14+ cells in the population was 98% without affecting viability. After culture, DC yield was 2‐fold higher than in previous published outcomes. Conclusions: The additional CD14 cell separation step after PBMC isolation significantly amplified the number of CD14+ cells, increasing the number of generated DCs. Potential relevance: The number of DCs available is critical for further use of these cells and the herein described protocol will therefore help to improved DC generation for therapeutic approaches in horses.     

水牛抑制素α亚基基因的克隆与原核表达

采用RT-PCR方法从水牛卵巢总RNA中扩增抑制素α亚基基因,并克隆入pMD18-T载体,进行PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定.序列分析结果表明:水牛抑制素α亚基基因编码序列长为1 083 bp,编码360个氨基酸,与牛、人、猪抑制素α亚基基因CDS成熟蛋白氨基酸的同源性分别为96%、80%、87%,表明抑制素α亚基是一组在进化上高度保守的蛋白质.将水牛抑制素α亚基基因CDS克隆到pET-30a表达载体中,转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)进行原核表达.在1 mmol/L IPTG 中,37 ℃诱导表达4 h后抑制素α亚基基因重组蛋白可成功获得表达.将表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,分子质量约为40 ku.