牙鲆鱼养殖、育苗试验报告

<正> 我们从1997年开始对牙鲆苗种进行小规模苗种养殖试验,1998年又对其养成技术进行了试验均获得一定的成绩。我们认为:锦州地区的气候环境较适宜牙鲆的育苗和养殖,需要进一步成规模地开发和养殖这一品种。 1 牙鲆的养殖评价 1.1 我省及山东、河北、天津的近海水域适宜牙鲆鱼繁殖生长。 1.2 牙鲆生长快,刚孵出的仔鱼体长2～3mm,人工养殖一年半可达到800～1000g以上,性成熟后仍能继续生长。     

牙鲆育苗技术

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是重要的海水养殖鱼类。笔者结合多年生产实践,现将有关育苗技术介绍如下:1亲鱼培育 可采用野生采捕或人工养殖的个体达到性成熟(年龄满2龄,雌性全长360mm以上,雄性全长300mm以上)的亲鱼。培育时根据牙鲆的生理特点进行控温和控     

大西洋牙鲆育苗技术初探

目前在我国还没有大规模养殖大西洋牙鲆,苗种供应主要是依靠进口。为探索大西洋牙鲆的繁育技术,作者通过生产性育苗,对亲鱼的饲养、挑选及促熟,卵的孵化及鱼苗培育的有关技术措施进行探讨。     

工厂化养殖牙鲆技术（下）

五、水质条件对牙鲆养殖的影响工厂化养殖牙鲆,除每天测定鱼池水温外,要配有专职化验员,每天定时定池检测养鱼池的溶解氧、pH值、氨氮,应注意的是溶解氧的含量及氨氮浓度对鱼的生长有重大影响。生产上主要通过调节换水量来达到维持池水的水质,换水量的大小又与水温高低成正比。     

漠斑牙鲆池塘健康养殖技术

2006年笔者在天津市塘沽区进行漠斑牙鲆（图见彩中插2）健康养殖试验研究,现将研究结果报告如下。     

牙鲆人工繁殖技术

牙鲆俗称牙片、左口、鲆、比目鱼等，其肉质细腻、肉味鲜美、营养丰富，在国内外市场上深受广大消费者喜爱。现已成为我国北方黄渤海近岸优质冷水性养殖品种之一。目前山东省、河北省和辽宁省都有较大规模的工厂化养殖场，其中以山东省的养殖规模最为庞大，     

漠斑牙鲆人工育苗技术要点

漠斑牙鲆原产于美国沿海,是一种优质的水产养殖品种。在美国,漠斑牙鲆的亲鱼培育、产卵、育苗等基础研究已进展多年;近几年来,国内有单位先后从美国引进了漠斑牙鲆亲鱼或鱼苗进行培育,有的单位已取得了一定的进展,有的单位还遇到了不少技术难题,亲鱼培育与人工繁殖技术还未过关。在此,我们将有关资料及我们的经验编译如下,希望对漠斑牙鲆的人工育苗生     

“牙鲆全雌化育苗技术研究”通过鉴定

3月28日，受科技部委托，农业部渔业局在北戴河组织召开了“牙鲆全雌化育苗技术研究”鉴定会。中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所雷霁霖研究员和中国科学院海洋研究所张国范研究员分别担任鉴定委员会的正副主任。项目由中国水产科学院北戴河中心实验站、黑龙江水产研究所、     

牙鲆人工育苗试验总结

本文全面系统总结了１９９５年牙鲆育苗自受精卵运输、孵化和仔鱼饲育的全过程，３批育苗总水体２２．５ｍ＾３，获平均体长６．１６ｃｍ的幼鱼４５０００余层。文中了降低仔鱼饲育期饵米，提高单位水体出苗量等问题。     

大西洋牙鲆亲鱼培育技术研究

近几年，我国海水鱼类新品种的研究主要集中在比日鱼类（鲆鲽类）方面，我们于2003年引进大西洋牙鲆鱼苗5000尾并进行工厂化驯化养殖生产试验研究，在2006年初经过精心培育达到性成熟，并成功获得优质受精卵。现将亲鱼培育情况总结如下。     

牙鲆的亲鱼培育技术

<正> 牙鲆Paralichthys oliuaceus,俗称比目鱼、牙片、偏口,是冷水性、底栖海产高档经济鱼类。其肉味鲜美,蛋白高、脂肪低,含丰富的V_(B_1)、V_(B_2)、V_D等,是给病人补充营养的贵重鱼类。牙鲆具有生长快、个体大、繁殖力高、洄游性小、回归性强的特点,是适合近海发展增养殖的重要品种,更是适合工厂化养殖的品种之一。我省自1989年进行牙鲆     

大西洋牙鲆人工养殖技术

大西洋牙鲆(Atlantic flounder)，学名犬齿牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)或狼齿牙鲆，英文称之为Summer flounder，即夏季牙鲆或夏令鲆，也称巨齿牙鲆(Large-tooth flounder)。其肉质细嫩鲜美，营养丰富，易于烹饪。我们于2002年9月12日从美国首次引入进行养殖，本文结合国外资料和我们的养殖经验，做一概述。     

草鱼健康养殖中疫苗接种技术

编者按:几年来,在农业部实施科技入户工程中,渔业科技八户工作成效显著,辐射带动效应明显,深受广大渔民群众的欢迎.     

魁蚶海区采苗技术

魁蚶俗称赤贝,属软体动物门、瓣鳃纲、蚶目、蚶科、毛蚶属,是一种营埋栖生活的大型双壳贝类,具有较高的经济价值。魁蚶的海区采苗技术对降低室内育苗生产成本,促进魁蚶养殖业的发展有着积极的意义。在黄海北部海区,大连市金州区登沙河镇养殖场的内湾,人们发现扇贝笼内有魁蚶苗种,便开展了魁蚶采苗试验。笔者经过近两年采苗工作实践,认为魁蚶海区采苗的主要技术如下:一、生物学调查1.性腺指数的测定魁蚶属雌雄异体,性腺在表皮与内脏囊之间,在繁殖季节雌性卵巢呈桔红色,雄性精巢呈桔黄色。成熟的卵为圆形,卵径约60μm。从6月中旬开始测定魁蚶…     

冰温结合保鲜剂贮藏对牙鲆鲜度和质构的影响

研究了冰温结合复合配方保鲜剂贮藏技术对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)鲜度和质构特征参数变化的影响,同时与单一冰温贮藏样品的相应变化进行了比较和分析.结果表明:冰温结合保鲜剂贮藏方法能够显著延缓牙鲆鱼肉样品细菌总数、K值、TVB-N和pH值等的增加速度;随着贮藏时间的延长,样品组织结构、破断强度和感官指标等的变化均呈现减缓趋势;与单一冰温贮藏条件的样品相比,冰温结合保鲜剂样品的货架期能有效延长10 d左右,达到最佳保鲜效果.     

Dietary choline requirement of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

An eight‐week study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary choline level in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Seven diets were prepared to contain 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg/kg diet. Juveniles (5.9 ± 0.03 g; 5.5 ± 0.4 cm; mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 21 tanks (25 fish/tank) and fed one of the diets in triplicates. Survival rate of fish fed the diet containing the lowest choline level was significantly lower than those of fish fed the other diets (p < 0.05). Final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio significantly increased with increasing choline levels up to 1,000 mg/kg diet. Whole‐body protein and lipid contents increased in accordance with choline levels up to 750 mg/kg diet, beyond which they plateaued. Liver and muscle lipid contents elevated with increasing choline levels up to 2,000 mg/kg diet. Plasma cholesterol esters, triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids were significantly influenced by the graded choline levels; however, responses of those indices were not identical. Broken‐line analyses of weight gain and liver choline concentrations responding to the graded choline levels revealed that choline requirements of the juvenile flounder could be between 847 and 1,047 mg/kg diet.     

中华乌塘鳢苗种健康培育技术

中华乌塘鳢俗称乌鱼、泥鱼、鳁鱼,隶属于鲈形目、塘鳢科、乌塘鳢属,属暖水性小型鱼类,主要分布于东海、南海一带的河口、滩涂和港湾,栖息泥孔或洞穴中。最适盐度5‰～15‰,最适水温20℃-30℃,致死水温8℃以下.中华乌塘鳢营养丰富、肉味鲜美,并具有使伤口加快愈合的功效。由于其养殖效益较好,技术要求不是很高,风险不大,深受沿海群众的欢迎,开展中华乌塘鳢池塘健康高产养殖生产的关键是要投放健康的大规格鱼种,健康的苗种来自健康的培育环境、培育方式和培育技术,本作者将近年来在这方面采取的技术、措施总结介绍如下。     

Evaluation of shrimp or tilapia protein hydrolysate at graded dosages in low fish meal diet for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

A study was carried out to examine and optimize the inclusion levels of shrimp hydrolysate (SH) or tilapia hydrolysate (TH) in low fishmeal diets for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A fishmeal (FM)‐based diet was considered as a high FM (HFM) diet, and a diet containing soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a FM replacer at 50% substitution level was regarded as a low FM (LFM) diet. Six other experimental diets were prepared by dietary supplementation of SH or TH to LFM diet at different inclusion levels of 15 g/kg, 30 or 45 g/kg in the expense of FM (designated as SH‐1.5, SH‐3.0, SH‐4.5, TH‐1.5, TH‐3.0 and TH‐4.5, respectively). After 10 weeks of a feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of fish were significantly higher in fish fed HFM, SH‐3.0, SH‐4.5, TH‐1.5 and TH‐3.0 diets compared to those of fish fed LFM diet. Intestine diameter, villus height and goblet cell counts of fish were significantly increased by dietary inclusion of SH or TH into LFM diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility of diets were significantly improved by SH or TH incorporation. Innate immunity of fish was significantly enhanced by dietary SH or TH supplementation into LFM diet. Disease resistance of fish was significantly increased against Edwardsiella tarda by dietary inclusion of SH and TH at the highest inclusion level (45 g/kg). The optimum inclusion level of SH or TH in a SPC‐based LFM diet could be ~30 g/kg and 15–30 g/kg, for olive flounder.     

南方鲆苗种培育技术

<正> 南方鲆分布于美国北卡州到佛罗里达洲北部的大西洋沿岸,以及佛罗里达洲南部海湾的大西洋沿岸直到德克萨斯州南部海峡沿岸。南方鲆成鱼秋季从河口或海岸洄游到海水,根据温度和性腺发育情况,可于12月份开始产卵,也可在1月底到2月开始产卵。产卵后,返回江河或半咸水中,仔鱼在沿海以浮游动物为食。60d后变态。南方鲆是世界闻名的高档鱼类,适温广,生长快,生活空间较大,既可在海水中生活,又可在淡水里     

Microbiological characteristics of Vibrio scophthalmi isolates from diseased olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

In 2005, massive mortality occurred in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus farms in Korea, and five isolates were collected from diseased fish. In this study, microbiological and pathogenic characteristics of these isolates were studied. The isolates gave negative results in lysine and ornithine decarboxylase, ortho-nitrophenyl-??-galactoside, and citrate tests, and positive results in urease, esculinase, and nitrate reduction tests. The isolates produced acid from adipate, fructose, d-glucose, and maltose, and gave positive results in alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. According to genetic analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 98?C100?% identity with both Vibrio scophthalmi and V. ichthyoenteri. The dnaJ gene sequences presented a higher identity with V. scophthalmi than with V. ichthyoenteri. Thus, the isolates were identified as V. scophthalmi. Pathogenicity of the five isolates in olive flounder was different and LD₅₀ values were from 10⁶ to 10⁸?CFU/g fish. Symptoms included darkening of skin, hemorrhage of liver and intestine, ascites, and distended abdomen. Histopathological changes included hemopoiesis dilatation and epithelial hyaline droplets in kidney, macrophage infiltration and ellipsoid dilatation in spleen, vascular dilatation, submucosal edema, and serosa inflammation of intestine. Cumulative mortality was 25?% for fish singly infected by isolate A19008 or Streptococcus parauberis, and increased to 87.5?% in super-infection group with these two pathogens.