补饲维生素E对转群仔猪抗应激的效果

养猪生产中一些非特异性的应激因子可造成诸只生产力、抵抗力以及饲料利用率降低，其中转群是一个主要的应激因子。为此我们做了本试验，试图通过转群前在仔猪饲粮中加入VE粉来缓解转群这一应激因子对仔猪增重、饲料利用率及抗病力的不良影响，从而提高生产效益和经济效益。1材料与方法1．1供试仔猪及分组选择出生日期相近、体重相近即将转群健康的断奶仔猪48头，随机分成4组，每组12头，同时使一窝仔猪均匀分布到4个组中。1．2饲料和V。粉的添加仔猪生后7天开始补料，并依照程序打耳号、剪牙、接种、免疫、驱虫等工作。35日龄断奶，40日…     

早期断奶应激对仔猪影响的研究：对生长,体重行为和发病率的影响

早期断奶应激（ＥＷＳ）对仔猪的生长，体重，行为和发病率均产生较大影响，给养猪业生产造成重大损失。试验分为２组进行观察，Ｉ组为２８日龄断奶仔猪９８头，Ⅱ组为３５日龄断奶仔猪９６头，断奶后第１ｄ，平均每头日增重分别为１０和３０ｇ；第１０ｄ分别为１１３和１２８ｇ；第２０ｄ分别为４２２和４７７ｇ。早期断奶应激使仔猪昼夜行为发生改变，兴奋，追逐和争斗时间显著增加，休息时间减少，断奶前１ｄ，平均休息时间占７０     

简析集约化猪场保育舍的饲养管理

在集约化猪场中多采用一次性断奶法，仔猪断奶后在分娩舍内原圈饲养3～4d左右转入保育舍饲养，仔猪离开母体，由原来的吃奶水和饲料转变为单纯吃饲料，再加上转栏和强弱分群等因素的突然变化无疑给仔猪的正常生理活动造成巨大的应激。在集约化养猪生产中，通常把断奶至60日龄左右仔猪的饲养阶段称为保育，     

仔猪断奶期间腹泻冢肠道酶肠道菌群的变化

仔猪在生长过程中 ,必须经过断奶关。断奶对仔猪是一种应激反应 ,这种应激引起猪体各种病理生理反应 ,可导致断奶仔猪腹泻 ,严重时死亡。断奶后腹泻发生的严重程度与多种因素有关 ,包括断奶日龄、断奶体重、饲料、环境、应激等。1　断奶日龄有关仔猪多大日龄断奶最宜 ,国内外进行了大量的试验研究 ,旨在寻找一个既能提高仔猪存活率 ,又能提高其增重和生产性能、健康状况 ;既能减少仔猪腹泻的发生 ,又能缩短母猪的哺乳期、增加年产窝数、提高经济效益的合适的仔猪断奶日龄。在传统的养猪生产中 ,仔猪常在 45～ 6 0日龄断奶。为使哺乳母猪尽早…     

复合生物菌对仔猪生产性能的影响

采取单因子试验设计方法，试验分为2组，按每组4头母猪，试验用各组仔猪数按每组母猪所产仔猪实际数计算。试验组仔猪从7日龄开始用复合生物菌，按0．2％剂量混入饲料，不加抗生素，至28日龄转群至保育舍。对照组从补饲开始在饲料中添加0．04％的盐酸金霉素至60日龄。重点研究了复合生物菌对仔猪生产性能、防止断奶应激、防治仔猪肠道疾病的影响，并初步探讨复合生物菌在生产应用中发挥作用的理论机制。     

补饲VE对转群仔猪抗应激的影响

应激因子包括物理、生产工艺、化学、心理以及其它人为因子。养猪生产中一些非特异性的应激因于能造成猪只生产力、抵抗力以及饲料利用率降低，其中转群是一个主要的应激因子。为此我们做了试验，试图通过在转群前的饲料中加入VE粉末缓解转群这一应激因子对仔猪增重和饲料利用率及抗病力的不良影响，从而提高生产效益和经济效益。一、材料与方法1．供试仔猪及分组选译出生日期相近、体重相近，即将转群的健康断奶仔猪48头，随机分成4组，每组12头，同时使1窝仔猪均匀分布到4个组中。2．饲料和VE粉的添加仔猪生后7天开始补料，并依照程序进…     

仔猪断奶腹泻的综合防治

工厂化养猪多采取一刀切断奶法．以便全进全出这种方“法有利于做空舍清毒．但这种断奶方法对母仔均不安全．仔猪易发生腹泻．母猪易发生乳房炎。在不破坏全进全出的基础上、笔者采取挑选式断奶法。对26日龄以上、体重达70kg的仔猪实施断奶。其余较小仔猪待到35日统—断奶＊断奶后仔猪在产房空栏内放置2～3天后转至育仔舍饲养。1减小转群应激仔猪断奶是仔猪出生以后第1次应激．能否顺利通过这个危险期．对于仔猪日后的生长至关重要，因此必须采取一些措施来减轻转群应激。1．1转群前控料在转群前12h，要控制仔猪采食量、使仔猪有一种饥饿感…     

断奶仔猪饲养管理体会

加强断奶仔猪的饲养管理，可降低断奶应激带来的损失，提高断奶仔猪成活率，增加养猪业的经济效益。１断奶仔猪的饲养为了使断奶仔猪尽快地适应断奶后的饲料，减少腹泻发生，减轻断奶造成的影响，保证仔猪的快速生长发育，应采取以下措施：１．１对哺乳仔猪进行强制性补料，从仔猪出生后７日龄开始喂给教槽料，教槽料必须是易消化吸收具有特殊香味的颗粒饲料。每天抓几粒教槽料放入仔猪嘴里，每天喂２～３次，连续５天，到１２日龄时，大多仔猪都能开食，１５日龄可全窝仔猪开食，以后每天少添勤添料，为断奶打基础。１．２断奶前３天，减少…     

仔猪断奶方法和断奶仔猪生长发育特点分析

断奶仔猪是指断奶后至70日龄左右的仔猪。此阶段由于仔猪的抗体水平比较低,加之转群、环境和饲料变化等不同程度的应激,给断奶仔猪的饲养管理带来了一定难度,如果饲养管理跟不上,往往造成仔猪成活率下降或者仔猪后期生长发育受阻。要想养好断奶仔猪,必须根据断奶仔猪的生理特性,采用综合的饲养管理措施,保障仔猪顺利度过断奶关,并使仔猪以后的生长发育正常。     

规模化猪场断奶仔猪的饲养管理

正断奶仔猪是指仔猪断奶后至70日龄左右的仔猪。此阶段由于仔猪抗体水平比较低,加之转群、环境、饲料变化等不同程度的应激,给断奶仔猪的饲养管理带来了一定的难度。如果饲养管理跟不上,往往造成仔猪成活率下降或仔猪后期生长发育受阻,相应的损失较大。要想养好断奶仔猪,必须根据断奶仔猪的生理特性提供相适应的必要条件,采用综合的饲养管理手段来满足仔猪的生长发育需要,     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。