海洋弗氏链霉菌HNM0089抗真菌活性成分研究

为了从海洋微生物中寻找农药先导化合物,本研究通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对具有抗真菌活性的海洋放线菌HNM0089的种属进行鉴定,并对其抗真菌的活性成分进行研究。结果表明:海洋放线菌HNM0089被鉴定为弗氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)。利用高分辨质谱、一维和二维核磁波谱技术,将其主要活性成分鉴定为星形孢菌素(Staurosporine)。该化合物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、薯蓣炭疽病菌和橡胶炭疽病菌均有抑制活性,具有开发成农用抗菌素的潜力。     

茶树炭疽病菌拮抗链霉菌的筛选及其抑菌特性研究

茶炭疽病菌刺盘孢菌（Colletotrichum camelliae）是引起茶树炭疽病的重要致病菌,为获得对C.camelliae具有拮抗作用的链霉菌,采用稀释涂布法和平板对峙法从茶园生境中分离筛选出对其具有明显拮抗作用的链霉菌菌株,并结合形态学观察、生理生化特征和16 SrRNA基因序列分析对其进行种属鉴定;开展基于链霉菌菌株的抗菌谱测定、茶炭疽病菌菌丝生长抑制试验和孢子萌发抑制试验;通过菌丝生长速率法测定其无菌发酵滤液对茶炭疽病菌的抑菌活性及其抑菌活性稳定性,并测定其产胞外降解酶能力、抗菌物质合成基因、挥发性与非挥发性代谢物抑菌活性。结果表明,筛选获得一株对茶炭疽病菌C.camelliae具有良好抑菌效果的菌株XS-4,对茶炭疽病菌的平板抑制效果为76.42%;结合形态学观察、生理生化特征,以及16 SrRNA基因序列分析,将菌株XS-4鉴定为多产色链霉菌（Streptomyces polychromogenes）;菌株XS-4对其他8种植物病原菌均具有较好的抑菌效果,抗菌性能具有广谱性。扫描电镜结果表明,菌株XS-4能抑制茶炭疽病菌菌丝生长。孢子萌发抑制试验发现,拮抗菌XS-4发...     

不同酚类成分及其组合对P.aeruginosa PAO1的抑制效果研究

为研究茶叶酚类成分及其复方对P. aeruginosa PAO1的体外抑制作用,筛选出用药量最低的最佳抑菌组方,采用倍比稀释法结合刃天青显色测定5种酚类成分对P. aeruginosa PAO1的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并采用响应面法研究对P. aeruginosa PAO1具有较强抑制作用的最佳配伍。结果表明5种酚类成分对P. aeruginosa PAO1均有不同程度的抑制作用,5种茶叶活性成分对P. aeruginosa PAO1的抑菌性大小为：EGCG> TF60=ECG> EGC> EC。响应面分析结果表明,EGCG、EGC、ECG、TF60这4种酚类成分以1.0∶4.0∶4.81∶4.0的比例配伍时对P. aeruginosa PAO1具有最佳抑菌效果。     

拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的解淀粉芽孢杆菌LX1菌株的鉴定及其抗菌蛋白基因的克隆

收集海南不同盐碱地的土样进行拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的微生物分离,对具有较强抑菌作用的菌株进行形态特征、生理生化和分子鉴定,并克隆其抗菌蛋白基因.结果分离到1株具有较强抑制香蕉枯萎病菌能力的细菌LXl,经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).抑菌实验发现LX1菌株的发酵上清液中粗蛋白有一定的抑菌作用,经过Sephacryl S-200HR柱层析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析分离纯化了其中抑菌作用最强的抗菌蛋白.质谱鉴定结果表明,抗菌蛋白与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42内切葡聚糖酶同源性最高.根据质谱结果克隆了该抗菌蛋白的编码基因,该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42的内切葡聚糖酶的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别达99％和100％.拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的芽孢杆菌LX1可作为潜在的防治香蕉枯萎病的的生防制剂,其抗菌蛋白基因也可通过遗传工程应用于香蕉枯萎病的防治.     

Secondary Metabolites Produced by a Cockchafer-derived Streptomyces sp. BCa1

对一株分离自昆虫铜绿金龟子幼虫肠道的链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1的次生代谢产物进行化学研究。采用摇瓶发酵,并用柱色谱技术对该链霉菌的次生代谢产物进行分离纯化和利用光谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从菌株Streptomyces sp. BCa1的发酵液中分离获得1个具有Hsp90蛋白抑制活性的格尔德霉素（geldanamycin）以及2个萘醌型大环内酯类化合物。所有化合物均为首次从昆虫来源的链霉菌中发现,且格尔德霉素为其主要产物,表明昆虫来源的放线菌具有良好的开发前景。     

海洋共生菌Aspergillus sp.HDf2新活性次生代谢产物研究(英文)

对紫海胆共生真菌Aspergillus sp.HDf2的次生代谢产物进行分离和鉴定。采用摇瓶液体发酵,运用柱层析等方法对其发酵液成分进行分离纯化,经波谱解析和质谱分析进行结构鉴定,并运用滤纸片法对化合物进行体外抗金黄色葡萄球菌的活性测试。结果从该真菌发酵产物中鉴定出2个secospiculisporic acid新类似物,分别为secospiculisporic acid B(1)和secospiculisporic acid C(2),其中化合物1具有弱抗菌活性,抑菌直径为9.2 mm(20 mg/mL)。首次对化合物1的NMR数据进行了归属,化合物2为secospiculisporic acid类的新化合物。     

Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. QYM12

One new diterpenoid, diaporpenoid A (1), two new sesquiterpenoids, diaporpenoids B–C (2,3) and three new α-pyrone derivatives, diaporpyrones A–C (4–6) were isolated from an MeOH extract obtained from cultures of the mangrove endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. QYM12. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and a comparison of the specific rotation. Compound 1 had an unusual 5/10/5-fused tricyclic ring system. Compounds 1 and 4 showed potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 21.5 and 12.5 μM, respectively.     

海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp. HNWSW-49的次生代谢产物研究

对1株具有抗芒果炭疽病菌活性的海口湾海泥来源放线菌Streptomyces sp.HNWSW-49发酵液的化学成分进行研究。采用多种色谱技术对化合物进行分离纯化,以波谱数据确定化合物的结构。从来源于海口湾海泥的放线菌Streptomyces sp.HNWSW-49发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定了7个含氮化合物,分别为:环-(苯丙-丙)二肽(1),环-(亮-甘)二肽(2),环-(苯丙-缬)二肽(3),环-(羟脯-苯丙)二肽(4),N-(2-苯基)乙酰胺(5),β-腺苷(6),和2-哌啶酮(7)。所有化合物均为首次从该放线菌中分离得到,其中化合物6为首次从微生物中分离得到。      

3种分子量的壳聚糖对香蕉枯萎病病原菌室内抑菌活性测定

以香蕉枯萎病病原菌的6个菌株为试验材料,测定3种不同分子量的壳聚糖对香蕉枯萎病病原菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,3种不同分子量的壳聚糖对香蕉枯萎病菌有一定的抑制作用,对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌落形态、菌丝生长和孢子萌发等均有一定的影响。高分子量的抑菌效果优于低分子量的抑菌效果,其中C-290k的抑制效果最好,浓度为1 000 mg/L时对R1-248菌株的抑菌率达90.27％。     

Zhaoshumycins A and B,Two Unprecedented Antimycin-Type Depsipeptides Produced by the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. ITBB-ZKa6

Marine actinomycetes are prolific chemical sources of complex and novel natural products, providing an excellent chance for new drug discovery. The chemical investigation of the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ITBB-ZKa6, from Zhaoshu island, Hainan, led to the discovery of two unique antimycin-type depsipeptides, zhaoshumycins A (1) and B (2), along with the isolation of the four known neoantimycins A (3), F (4), D (5), and E (6). The structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of the analysis of diverse spectroscopic data and biogenetic consideration. Zhaoshumycins A (1) and B (2) represent a new class of depsipeptides, featuring two neoantimycin monomers (only neoantimycin D or neoantimycins D and E) linked to a 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring via an imino group. Initial toxicity tests of 1–6 in MCF7 human breast cancer cells revealed that compounds 5 and 6 possess weak cytotoxic activity. Further structure–activity relationship analysis suggested the importance of the NH₂ group at C-34 in 5 and 6 for cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells.     

Deoxyvasicinone with Anti-Melanogenic Activity from Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. CNQ-617

The tricyclic quinazoline alkaloid deoxyvasicinone (DOV, 1) was isolated from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. CNQ-617, and its anti-melanogenic effects were investigated. Deoxyvasicinone was shown to decrease the melanin content of B16F10 and MNT-1 cells that have been stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In addition, microscopic images of the cells showed that deoxyvasicinone attenuated melanocyte activation. Although, deoxyvasicinone did not directly inhibit tyrosinase (TYR) enzymatic activity, real-time PCR showed that it inhibited the mRNA expression of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). In the artificial 3D pigmented skin model Melanoderm^TM, deoxyvasicinone brightened the skin significantly, as confirmed by histological examination. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the marine microbial natural product deoxyvascinone has an anti-melanogenic effect through downregulation of melanogenic enzymes.     

一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的链霉菌分离和鉴定

从海南温泉中分离到1株对香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种有强拮抗作用的链霉菌菌株HW1,对该菌株进行了形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析。并对该菌株和香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种在土壤中进行了不同温度下的共培养试验。结果表明,其在PDA培养基上,内生菌丝无横隔、不断裂;孢子圆形,簇聚在气生菌丝上。在PDA培养基上,菌落生长开始为白色,培养成熟后,气丝逐渐由白色变灰,最后因为产生孢子变为褐色,并可产黄色可溶色素。以16S rDNA序列为基础构建了菌株HW1的系统发育树,其与模式链霉菌株的16S rDNA序列的同源性为99%。初步将该菌株鉴定为Streptomyces costaricanus。HW1菌株和香蕉枯萎病病原菌4号小种在土壤中的共培养试验表明,HW1菌株在45℃温度的生长环境中,表现出对香蕉枯萎病病原菌较好的抗性。     

红菇菌丝体液体培养营养因子的筛选

采用液体培养的方法.研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长激素单个营养因子对两个红菇菌菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:在室温振荡培养条件下,0443菌株菌丝生长最适宜的碳源为葡萄糖,而0005菌株菌丝生长最适宜的碳源为乳糖;两个菌株对无机氮源(NH4)2SO4的利用率均为最高;不同的无机盐和生长激素对两个菌株菌丝生长的促进作用有一定的差异,ZnSO4和VB1对0443菌株菌丝生长的促进效果最好,而MnCl2和VB2对0005菌株菌丝生长的促进效果最好.     

南亚瓦鳞苔水提液对柱花草种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响

为研究苔藓植物对柱花草幼苗生长的影响,选取苔藓植物中的苔类植物南亚瓦鳞苔(Trocholejeuneasandvicensis)为试材,以其配子体水提液分别对热研2号、热研5号和热研7号等3个柱花草品种进行处理,测定其发芽率、生长量、鲜重和干重。结果表明,在水提液浓度为2.5～7.5 g/L时可显著提高热研5号、热研7号柱花草种子萌发率;在浓度2.5～7.5 g/L时可显著提高热研2号种子发芽指数;在浓度为100 g/L时,可显著降低热研5号的鲜重,浓度为5.0 g/L时,可显著提高热研7号的幼苗干重。