高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株主要囊膜糖蛋白GP5的遗传变异分析

为了探究高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒（HP-PRRSV）的遗传变异特征,本研究对GenBank中235株HP—PRRSV GP5序列的遗传进化、主要氨基酸基序、抗原性以及N-糖基化位点数量和位置的变异进行了分析。结果表明HP-PRRSV之间的同源性较高,与其他参考毒株相比,这些病毒处于一个相对独立的分支中,而且与经典疫苗株的亲缘关系较远。这有助于解释经典疫苗株对于HP—PRRSV为何起不到理想的免疫保护效果。在病毒的中和表位序列中存在着规律的点突变,同时抗原性比较显示HP-PRRSV与经典毒株之间存在着一定的差异。绝大多数的HP-PRRSV的N-糖基化位点在数量上多一个,而且位置要向羧基端平移2个氨基酸,从而使得中和表位两侧直接与糖链相连,可能会造成中和表位被糖侧链所遮掩,本研究由此推测减弱中和抗体对HP-PRRSV的有效识别,促进病毒逃避机体体液免疫。     

我国高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展

近年来我国学者对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)做了大量调查研究,表明HP-PRRSV在我国已是长期带毒、持续流行状态,给我国养猪业带来巨大的经济损失,现就近期国内对该病的流行病学、诊断和免疫方面的相关成果作一综述。     

An attenuated live vaccine based on highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) protects piglets against HP-PRRS

Porcine infections with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) cause significant morbidity and mortality and currently there are no effective vaccines for disease prevention. An attenuated strain, HuN4-F112, was obtained by passaging the HP-PRRSV HuN4 on Marc-145 cells (112th-passage). PRRSV-free pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with HuN4-F112 (10^2.0, 10^3.0, 10^4.0, 10^5.0 and 10^6.0 TCID₅₀ for groups 1–5, respectively). The groups 3–5 could resist the lethal challenge and did not show any obvious changes in body temperature nor clinical signs throughout the experiment, the pathological lesions were milder and the gained weight at a greater rate (P < 0.05), compared to group 1 and control. Sequence analysis of the HuN4 passages showed a conserved epitope in GP5 protein was mutated (¹⁹⁶QWGRL/P²⁰⁰ → ¹⁹⁶RWGRL/P²⁰⁰), as a result the monoclonal antibody could not recognize the HuN4-F112 any more. These results suggested that the HuN4-F112 could protect piglets from lethal challenge and might be a candidate vaccine against the HP-PRRSV.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子流行病学调查

2006年6月份以来,我国多个省份暴发高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征,给我国养猪业造成了巨大经济损失.为全面了解高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒在我国的流行情况以及遗传变异规律,本研究采用RT-PCR的方法,对从2006年8月至2007年10月期间,来自于19省(市)共474份样品进行高致病猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸的检测,结果检出阳性样品294份.在各省不同时期样品中均有阳性样品检出.通过对阳性样品进行Nsp2基因和ORF5基因扩增,序列分析发现所有检测的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒株高度同源,为同一毒株遗传变异而来,所有猪繁殖与呼吸综合征毒株与HB-1株遗传关系最近;且Nsp2均缺失30个氨基酸.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离鉴定及其体外传代遗传变异分析

从临床"高热综合征"病例分离到高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株,经细胞传代和蚀斑克隆.培育成功增殖性能稳定的新毒株,命名为PRRSV-HBR.该毒株接种细胞后能够产生细胞病变(CPE),随传代次数增加毒价显著提升,第45～60代毒价测定达107.5TCID<,50/mL.采用免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验(IPMA)检测病毒抗原分布在细胞浆中;电镜观察到的病毒粒子呈圆形,直径约50 nm～55 nm.分离株Nsp2基因序列中第483位和535～563位氨基酸存在缺失,属PRRSV变异株.该毒株Nsp2基因序列比较发现,经细胞传40代后第3 115位核苷酸处插入12个碱基序列(GAGATCGCCTTT).用该毒株第5代培养物滴鼻接种试验猪(1.0×104.5TCID<,50),临床表现为持续高热(≥40.5℃,9 d～12 d)、食欲下降、精神萎靡、消瘦、眼睑水肿、体表淋巴结肿大等,发病率为100%(10/10),死亡率为30%(3/10).研究表明,PRRSV-HBR分离株对靶动物具有高致病力,培育的细胞适应毒株体外繁殖能力稳定,并产生了标志性基因突变,为该病毒致病机理、遗传变异规律、疫苗免疫等研究奠定了基础.     

Identification of two dominant linear epitopes on the GP3 protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV)

Glycosylated protein 3 (GP3) of PRRSV is variable between different PRRSV strains, so it is helpful for subtype classifying by using distinct epitopes. In this study, two dominant linear GP3 epitopes that were recognized by highly dilute serum in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were identified. Sequence alignments of 36 North American (NA) PRRSV isolates revealed that the epitope H⁸⁷DELGFMV⁹⁴ is well conserved, whereas the epitope T⁵⁹RQAAAEILE⁶⁸ differs in other low-virulence NA-type strains, which have at least one amino acid mutation in this region. A mutational analysis revealed that none of these mutations could be recognized by the purified antibodies directed against the corresponding epitope, indicating that the genetic variations altered the antigenicity of the antigenic region. Using ELISA, we also found that antibodies directed against the two epitopes were present in more than 45 of 50 HP-PRRS-positive pig sera, suggesting that their antigenicity is excellent in vivo.     

Molecular evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from central China

To investigate the genetic diversity of prevailing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Henan Province of China, 61 ORF5 gene sequences, originating from Henan Province during 2003–2010, were subjected to amino acid variation and phylogenetic analysis. The analyzed PRRSV ORF5 sequences carried evidence of one unique recombination event. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Henan isolates belonged to type 2 genotype and were divided into two subgroups. The dominant isolates had shifted from subgroup 1 to subgroup 2 during 2003–2010. Amino acid variation analysis of the glycoprotein 5 revealed that Henan PRRSV strains tended to accumulate more substitutions within the N-terminus and hypervariable region. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence that some ORF5 sites have likely evolved in response to immune pressure.     

6株高致病性PRRSV ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为了监测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)流行毒株的基因变异情况,对四川省2014-2015年蓝耳病发病猪场分离到的6株PRRSV毒株ORF5基因进行了克隆测序及序列分析。同源性分析表明,6株PRRSV分离株ORF5基因核苷酸(氨基酸)与VR2332株的同源性为88.9%~89.4%(86.5%~88.7%),与CH-1a株同源性为93.7%~94.7%(90%~92%),与JXA1株同源性为97.2%~98.5%(95%~97%),与美国新出现的变异株NADC30同源性为85.9%~86.7%(85.5%~87.5%),与欧洲型代表株Lelystad virus同源性为62.7%~63.7%(56.5%~57.5%)。遗传进化树分析表明,6株PRRSV与JXA1、HuN4等高致病毒株亲缘关系近,并位于同一分支。氨基酸序列分析表明,6株PRRSV ORF5基因编码氨基酸在PRRSV毒力相关位点aa13、aa151和区分野毒与疫苗毒的位点aa137均与JXA1、HUN4等强毒株相同,表明6个分离株均为较强的野毒株。在中和表位(aa37~aa45)和非中和表位(aa27~aa30,aa180~aa197)等区域与国内外参考毒株VR2332、CH-1a、JXA1、HUN4、NADC30、HENAN-XINX、JL580等相比,也出现了不同程度的变异。抗原性分析结果表明,6株PRRSV ORF5基因编码产物的抗原表位主要位于aa30~aa39,aa50~aa60,aa128~aa132,aa136~aa141,aa146~aa155,aa161~aa183,aa191~aa200,与JXA1具有相似的抗原性特征,而与VR2332差异较大,主要表现在aa30~aa39相较于VR2332株抗原区域明显变窄。而在6个分离株中,SN9的抗原表位明显低于其他任何毒株。本研究结果表明,四川省PRRSV流行毒株仍然为JXA1变异株,但在当前高频度活疫苗免疫下,其基因的变异和抗原表位的改变在加剧,需加强对PRRSV基因变异的监控。     

贵州省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及遗传变异分析

利用已建立的猪呼吸和繁殖障碍类病毒性疫病多重PCR检测方法对2017年以来贵州9个不同地区采集的150份病料进行检测,对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)检测为阳性的病料采用细胞接毒培养技术、病毒的形态结构观察和间接免疫荧光试验等分离鉴定PRRSV,并对其ORF5和Nsp2基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行差异性分析。结果表明:分别接种Marc-145细胞并连传5代,获得5株PRRSV,分别命名为GZ-Fq、GZ-Bj、GZ-Kl、GZ-Hz和GZ-Zy;病毒粒子在电镜下呈球形或卵圆形,直径约30~80nm;5株毒株与近年来国内各地流行的高致病性PRRSV(HP-PRRSV)同源性较高,分别为96.2%~100%和97.1%~98.6%,其中,ORF5基因的第13位氨基酸均为精氨酸(R),第137位氨基酸均为丝氨酸(S),Nsp2基因的氨基酸均存在第481位和532-560位氨基酸2处不连续的缺失位点;其ORF5基因及Nsp2基因均与2008年之后流行的HP-PRRSV亲缘关系较近。研究表明,贵州省PRRSV发生了变异,与近年来国内各个地区的HP-PRRSV序列的变异位点一致,属于美洲型PRRSV的变异株。     

Immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (HuN4 strain) with or without the immunization with CH-1R attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The result showed that in comparison with the piglets received the immunization, the piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone had the thymus atrophy, decreased serum levels of IL-4 and increased serum levels of IL-10 and INF-γ. These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.     

New insights into the genetic diversity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

The complete ORF5 sequences of 66 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) field virus strains (1991-2001) and three European modified live vaccine strains were determined, as well as ORFs 6 and 7 of 19 selected strains. The variability of the deduced ORF5 amino acid sequences was analysed using statistical process control (SPC), allowing for the objective assessment of variable and conserved regions. Four variable and four conserved regions as well as five hypervariable amino acid positions were defined. The effects of genetic variability on possible structural and functional properties were discussed with emphasis on immunogenic features. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed that the genetic distances between the strains has greatly increased over time. The data do not support an evolutionary influence of the geographical location or the time of sample collection, nor of PRRSV vaccination on strain development. In contrast to other authors who tended to concentrate on the samples from either a common geographic origin or a short sampling period, we could not confirm geographically separate PRRSV clusters nor did we find evidence of positive selective pressure as measured by the ratio of synonymous to non-synonymous substitutions in ORF5, 6 or 7. Immunological implications and vaccination strategies are discussed.     

湖南高致病性猪蓝耳病隐性感染情况调查

用ELISA和RT-PCR的方法对采集自湖南省内20个规模场1007份血清和3个市级定点屠宰场50份猪肺门淋巴结进行蓝耳病血清抗体检测和高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒的检测。结果1007份血清中,蓝耳病抗体阳性率为72.9%(734/1007),高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒携毒率为3.2%(32/1007),50份肺门淋巴结病毒阳性率为16%(8/50),其中,蓝耳病免疫与非免疫猪血清其抗体阳性率相差不显著,种猪的抗体阳性率明显高于商品猪,而其病毒携毒率为0%。部分规模猪场和眼观健康的育肥猪存在高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒的隐性感染。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞的差异转录基因文库构建

为鉴定高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)HuN4株感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)后,细胞内转录发生差异的基因,本研究采用抑制性消减杂交技术,以HP-PRRSV HuN4株感染后48 h的PAM细胞mRNA为实验方(Tester),以未感染的PAM细胞为驱动方(Driver)进行消减杂交,得到了HP-PRRSV HuN4株感染后PAM内转录后发生上调的基因.反之,实验方与驱动方互换进行消减杂交,得到了HP-PRRSV HuN4株感染后PAM内转录后发生下调的基因.将2种杂交所得的差异转录基因经PCR扩增后分别克隆到T载体中并转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,从而构建了正向(上调)和反向(下调)的差异cDNA文库.随机挑取文库中的多个克隆用PCR方法进行鉴定,结果表明差异文库中的cDNA具有较好的多样性.本研究为下一步的文库克隆的序列测定与差异基因的功能分析奠定了基础.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗纯化浓缩效果的研究

为进一步研究浓缩纯化后的高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)疫苗的效果,本研究使用一组不同孔径的滤器,将HP-PRRSV培养液(107.5 TCID50/mL)过滤除去杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗,对其进行杂蛋白去除率检验、内毒素检验、无菌检验、病毒含量测定;并将检验合格的纯化浓缩及未纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗溶液分别添加保护剂冻干后制成冻干疫苗,将两种疫苗进行免疫对比.结果表明:经10倍纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗杂蛋白去除率在90％以上,病毒含量增加8.5倍,内毒素含量降低3倍;并且将纯化浓缩后疫苗样品免疫猪体后,PRRSV特异性抗体增长幅度比未纯化的疫苗显著,免疫过程中接种猪的副反应明显减小,该研究为兽用疫苗的浓缩纯化提供一定的参考.     

1株临床高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究从江苏省某猪场患有明显呼吸道临床症状和高热死亡的仔猪肺脏组织中分离到一株病毒,经病毒生物学特性测定、血清学试验、病毒基因鉴定,确定为美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)。人工猪体感染发病试验表明,该分离株可以引起商品仔猪出现明显临床症状和死亡,证实我国已经出现临床高致病性PRRSV毒株。     

免疫压力下HP-PRRSV田间流行毒株的遗传进化分析

为研究在免疫压力下HP-PRRSV田间流行毒株的遗传进化情况,选取2家疫苗免疫猪场、2家未免疫猪场,连续2年每季度采集血清利用ELISA检测PRRSV抗体;采集血清、组织病料及精液通过RT-PCR检测PRRSV病原,并对阳性样品进行扩增、克隆、测序分析。结果,共获得Nsp2基因序列91个,ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因序列各98个,均属于美洲型高致病性变异毒株(HP-PRRSV);Nsp2、ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因核苷酸及其推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别为90.1%¹00%和91.6%100%和91.6%¹00%、83.3%100%、83.3%¹00%和81.1%100%和81.1%¹00%、96.6%100%、96.6%¹00%和96.0%100%和96.0%¹00%、91.1%100%、91.1%¹00%和91.4%100%和91.4%¹00%,表明ORF6基因的同源性最高、ORF5基因的同源性最低;Nsp2、ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因的平均进化速率分别为4.30×10-4、4.09×10-5、2.65×10-6、4.89×10-6 substitutions/site/day(s/s/d),表明Nsp2基因最容易发生变异,而ORF6基因最稳定;Nsp2、ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因的平均进化速率在免疫猪场分别为4.42×10-4、4.20×10-5、2.71×10-6和4.93×10-6 s/s/d,在非免疫猪场分别为4.18×10-4、3.98×10-5、2.59×10-6和4.84×10-6 s/s/d,表明免疫猪场中HP-PRRSV流行毒株的进化速率高于非免疫猪场中HPPRRSV流行毒株的进化速率。本研究结果为掌握HP-PRRSV的分子流行病学规律提供了详细的基础数据。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白NSP1对猪体免疫抑制作用

为了研究高致病性PRRSVNSP1蛋白的免疫作用,本研究将高致病性PRRSVNSP1重组腺病毒（rAd—NSP1）接种体外培养的猪肺泡细胞（PAM）,用实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA方法分别检测IFN-γ和IL-10水平,结果为rAd—NSP1接种PAM细胞72h后可显著降低细胞上清中IFN-γ的水平,而IL-10的含量显著提高。将rAd—NSP1接种无PRRSV感染的30日龄商品仔猪,分别检测其外周血液淋巴细胞增殖作用和IFN-γ与IL-10的水平,结果显示,NSP1可显著减低淋巴细胞增殖和IFN-7的表达,同时诱导产生较强的IL-10反应。采用无PRRSV感染的30日龄商品仔猪免疫猪瘟疫苗后1周接种rAd—NSP1,结果猪瘟抗体的水平明显低于wtAd组（P〈0．05）,证明高致病性PRRSVNSP1蛋白具有免疫抑制作用。