有机水稻生产中病虫草害防治技术

察布查尔县具有生产有机水稻得天独厚的条件,种植有机水稻已达6年.发展有机水稻生产的关键技术是病虫草害的防治,本文结合伊犁河谷地带病虫草害发生以及当地有机水稻生产等情况,探讨及初步提出有机水稻病虫草害综合防治技术.     

四川有机水稻病虫草害绿色防治技术

有机水稻生产具有很高的技术要求,田间病虫草害防治区别于传统水稻防治模式。该文结合四川省苍溪县实际情况,分析了有机水稻病虫草害防治要求,论述了有机水稻常见病虫草害绿色防治技术,包括农业防治、物理防治与生物防治技术。     

天津地区水稻病虫草害综合防治技术

目前,天津稻区水稻病虫害主要以稻曲病、胡麻叶斑病、稻水象甲及二化螟为主。通过喷施苯甲.丙环唑防治稻曲病和胡麻斑病;通过水稻苗期、本田移栽前田埂四周及时施用拟除虫菊酯类或有机磷类药剂防治稻水象甲;通过推广苄嘧磺隆等除草剂,形成了低毒节本高效的病虫草害综合防治技术。     

机插水稻主要病虫草害防控的关键技术

由于机插水稻生育特点与手插秧有较大差别,其病虫草害发生规律亦有明显差异。重点介绍了机插水稻病虫草害防控的关键技术,其中油菜茬和麦茬机插水稻要特别注意防治草害、稻曲病和稻飞虱。     

北方稻田病虫草害防治对策

我国北方大部分稻区受到各种虫害的侵害,局部地区虫害也是呈现爆发趋势。水稻病虫草害的防治,是水稻栽培过程中防止减产和实现高产的重要措施。     

湛江市有机水稻病虫草害防治技术研究

湛江市有机水稻生产过程中,病虫草害综合防治技术主要包括物理防治、生物防治及农业防治等,采用多项绿色的综合防控技术措施,对水稻病虫草害的防治效果达到85%以上,防治效果较好。     

对水稻病虫草害防治工作的探析

详细介绍了水稻病虫草害防治的经验,主要是充分利用物理防治和生物防治;在水稻不同生育期一旦病虫草害发生,即要进行化学防治,以期指导大面积水稻生产科学防治病虫害。     

水稻病虫草害防治探析

详细介绍了水稻病虫草害防治的经验,主要是充分利用物理防治和生物防治;在水稻不同生育期一旦病虫草害发生。即要进行化学防治,以期指导大面积水稻生产科学防治病虫害。     

冀东稻区绿色A级米标准化生产技术

总结了冀东稻区绿色A级水稻生产技术,包括产地环境与品种选择、育秧、插秧、肥水管理、病虫草害防治、收获、储藏及加工等内容,为冀东稻区绿色A级米标准化生产提供参考。     

水稻病虫害综合防治技术

水稻作为主要的粮食作物，由于受气候、栽培方式、品种特性以及管理方式等多种因素的共同影响，在水稻生产中病虫草害发生较为严重，对水稻的产量和品质造成了一定的影响。在北方水稻栽培区，水稻病害主要有水稻干尖线虫病、立枯病、青枯病、纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病、水稻条纹叶枯病等；水稻虫害主要有稻水象甲、二化螟、粘虫、稻飞虱等；稻田杂草主要有稗草、莎草科杂草等。为了深入探索这些水稻病虫害的发生特点、发展规律，切实有效地控制其危害，笔者依据多年的工作经验，按照“预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，根据水稻不同生育期的生长特点，通过几年的实验、示范，总结出了一套切实可行的水稻病虫害综合防治技术。     

有机水稻生产关键技术与探讨

本文从有机水稻的生产角度出发,对有机水稻的生产关键技术进行探讨,同时从有机稻田的准备、有地稻田培肥、病虫害的防治等方面下手分析,掌握有机水稻生产技术的关键。     

有机稻生产过程中病虫草害防控技术

病虫草害是制约有机稻生产的重要因素。从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、草害防控等方面对有机稻生产过程中的病虫草综合防控技术进行总结。     

有机水稻生产中病虫草害综合控制技术研究

选用水稻抗病品种、石灰水浸种、稻田养鸭、稻田养蟹等传统的农业防治手段,结合利用现代生物技术生产的BT和苦参碱等生物农药能有效地控制在有机水稻生产中病虫草的危害。     

Improved crop protection and biodiversity of the agroecosystem by reduced tillage in rice paddy fields in southern China

Agricultural sustainability has benefited from the broad adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) practices for decades, in which the reduction of mechanical disturbances to soil (also known as reduced tillage, RT) is one of the most essential principles for CA implementation. Many studies have recommended the advantages of CA practices in the promotion of biodiversity, but the integrated impacts on crop productivity and biodiversity remain unclear. Since CA has been applied in rice production in the subtropical area of southern China for several years, the effects of CA, particularly the RT methods, need to be evaluated for the local and long-term adoption. In this study, we established an integrated network to illustrate how the reduction of tillage intensity influenced organisms including invertebrates (such as rice pests and their predators), pathogens and weeds, and then led to an impact on rice yield. The two-year study demonstrated that major rice pests, such as rice planthoppers, stem borers and apple snails, were effectively controlled by RT practice. Similarly, the occurrence of common diseases declined with less tillage. Compared to the conventional tillage (CT) treatment, the density of weeds in paddy fields deceased significantly in the RT treatment. In addition, the diversity and richness of pest predators increased remarkably in paddy fields where either reduced or no tillage was applied, which highlighted the significance of a CA strategy for the promotion of biodiversity in the agroecosystem. More importantly, the rice yield gradually increased after the two-year reduction of tillage. Taken together, our results suggest that the reduction of tillage intensity is beneficial for the protection of rice crops from various pests, and facilitates the sustainability of the agroecosystem and rice yield, which provides a solid basis and novel insights for the establishment of sustainable agroecosystems by CA-related practices in rice production in southern China.     

稻鸭共作系统的生态学效应研究进展

稻鸭共作技术作为一项环保型的生态农业技术,现已在中国多个省份和其他许多亚洲国家中得到应用和推广。稻鸭共作系统中具有很多的生态学效应。对该系统中鸭子活动对水稻植株产量性状、群体结构、稻田杂草、水稻病虫害与天敌、稻田土壤、稻田水体、稻米品质、稻田环境质量的影响效应等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并指出今后应加强对上述生态学效应的内在机理与生态学过程等方面的深入研究,以便更好地服务于实践。     

水稻田除草剂的应用及杂草抗药性现状

稻田杂草是造成水稻减产的最大影响因素,化学除草技术已经成为杂草防除的重要手段。针对水稻田杂草开发了多种除草剂,形成了独特的稻田杂草化学防除体系。近年来,由于除草剂大量、高频率的不合理使用,稻田杂草抗药性呈明显上升趋势,稗草、雨久花、慈姑、耳叶水苋等稻田杂草的抗药性问题已较为严重。文章综述了我国水稻田主要除草剂的应用及稻田抗药性杂草的发生现状,并对几类代表性除草剂品种的抗药性机理进行了简要分析,提出了稻田抗性杂草的治理策略。     

轻型栽培稻田杂草发生及其危害性研究

１９９５￣１９９７年通过对４种轻型栽培方式（麦田套稻,水直播,早育抛栽,盘育抛栽）和水育秧人工移栽稻田杂草种群调查及杂草发生与危害差异性试验,结果表明：５种种植方式对稻田主要杂草发生频度的影响不明显,但是对稻田主要杂草优势度及杂草发生量有明显差异。麦田套稻,水直播、旱抛栽、塑盘抛栽、水育秧人工移栽稻田杂草危害分别使水稻产量下降７０．６％、６３．５％,４９．５％,１６．２％。     

10%新得力可湿性粉剂防除稻田杂草药效研究

[目的]研究10%新得力可湿性粉剂防除稻田杂草的药效。[方法]在小区设10%新得力WP 60、75、90 g/hm2,塔山牌敌扑混剂WP 1.5 kg/hm2(标准药剂对照)和空白对照5个处理,施药后15、30 d分别调查禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草残存活株数,施药后50d调查主要杂草的残存活株数和鲜重,计算防除效果。[结果]10%新得力可湿性粉剂1次施药,能有效控制水稻整个生育期的田间杂草,对水稻具有良好的安全性,增产效果明显,增产达10%以上。从使用的剂量来看,90 g/hm2防除杂草的效果最好,鲜重减退率达99.66%。[结论]10%新得力可湿性粉剂能够有效防除稻田杂草,根据农药安全、经济、有效的使用原则,建议在生产中采用75 g/hm2示范推广应用。     

稻鸭共育对病虫草害及经济效益的影响（英文）

[Objective] Study on the effects of rice-duck mutualism on weeds and insects pests and economic benefits of paddy field.[Method] Comparison of the incidence of weeds,sheath blight and insects pest under rice-duck mutualism,conventional cultivation and control treatment,the yield and economic benefits were analyzed under the 3 treatments.[Result] Average occurrence of weeds in rice-duck mutualism group decreased by 2.33 and 52.08 ind/m2 compared with that in conventional cultivation and control treatment;the control rate of mutualism was up to 75% against rice hopper,but just between 25%-60% against rice leaf roller and Chilo suppressalis.The rates of diseased plant and diseased holl against rice sheath blight were higher and disease indices were lower compared with control group.The yield of mutualism group was identical with conventional cultivation,which was greatly higher than that of control group.The results suggested an higher economic benefits and lower cost benefit ratio for rice-duck mutualism treatment.[Conclusion] Rice-duck mutualism gives birth to a positive effect to control the diseases,insect pests and weeds,as well as to economic benefits,providing basis on extension of rice-duck mutualism system.     

稻鸭共育对病虫草害及经济效益的影响

[目的]研究稻鸭共育对稻田病虫草害及经济效益的影响。[方法]调查稻鸭共育处理、常规栽培处理及对照处理的杂草、纹枯病及虫害发生情况,并比较分析3种处理下的产量及经济效益。[结果]共育处理杂草平均发生数较常规处理和对照分别减少2.33和52.08 ind/m2;共育处理对稻飞虱的控虫率平均为75%,但对稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟的控制率仅为25%~60%;共育处理水稻纹枯病病蔸率和病株率较高,病情指数较低;共育处理产量与常规处理一致,远高于CK;共育处理稻田的经济效益显著增加,但成本收益率较低。[结论]稻鸭共育利用鸭子在田间的捕食和活动,对水稻病虫草害和经济效益产生了积极影响。该研究可为稻鸭共育的推广提供依据。