人工林经营与森林可持续发展

针对环境与资源这一热点问题 ,论述人工林经营与森林可持续发展的关系。首先提出森林可持续发展的内涵和概念 ,并结合蒙特利尔进程的森林可持续经营的标准方案 ,阐述了我国森林可持续发展的重要性及其与育林学之间的关系 ,认为生态系统管理是森林可持续经营的有效手段 ,进而提出营养管理是生态系统管理的核心这一新观点     

城市生态系统健康评价研究进展

生态系统健康理念越来越被社会所认同,本文在查阅国内外有关生态系统健康文献的基础上,综述了城市生态系统健康的发展过程、概念、指标、评价方法,旨在对城市生态系统实施可持续性管理和合理利用,为生态社会、经济的整合与协调及城市森林生态系统健康评价等提供参考。       

生态问题与森林生态系统管理

从当代生态问题的严峻形势出发,分析了生态问题的形成,与人类对生态过程的认识.进而从生态系统管理的基本概念出发,提出森林生态系统管理研究的重大意义,并从理论到实践上提出了研究森林生态系统的一些基本原则.     

森林生态系统健康及其内涵理解

本文粗略地介绍了生态系统健康的研究历史,并主要从管理目标途径、生态系统途径和综合途径三种思路对森林生态系统健康的定义、概念理解及森林生态系统健康的内涵理解进行了详细的探讨。为推动我国目前的森林生态系统健康研究,我们应该更多关注生态系统的特性。参16。     

Non-market forest ecosystem services and decision support in Nordic countries

The need to integrate non-market ecosystem services into decision-making is widely acknowledged. Despite the exponentially growing body of literature, trade-offs between services are still poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of published literature in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland) on the integration of non-market forest ecosystem services into decision-making. The aim of the review was two-fold: (1) to provide an overview of coverage of biophysical and socio-economic assessments of non-market ecosystem services in relation to forest management; (2) to determine the extent of the integration of biophysical and socio-economic models of these services into decision support models. Our findings reveal the need for wider coverage of non-market ecosystem services and evidence-based modelling of how forest management regimes affect ecosystem services. Furthermore, temporal and spatial modelling of ecosystem impacts remains a challenge. We observed a few examples of multiple non-market services assessments. Integration of non-market services into decision support was performed with either biophysical or socio-economic models, often using proxies and composite indicators. The review reveals that there is scope for more comprehensive and integrated model development, including multiple ecosystem services and appropriate handling of forest management impacts.     

赤峰市红山区森林生态系统服务功能与综合价值评估研究

对赤峰市红山区现有森林生态系统服务功能和经济价值进行评估,包括直接经济价值和固碳释氧、水源涵养及净化大气等间接经济价值,经评估,合计为35006.93万元,其中间接经济价值是直接经济价值的11.03倍。       

森林生态系统管理研究概述

森林生态系统管理是实现森林可持续经营的一条生态途径。生态系统管理思想的发展历程与生态学的发展历程密切相关, 是生态学理论与管理学思想的融合过程。文中在概述森林生态系统管理思想的发展历程与背景的基础上, 重点讨论了森林生态系统管理的概念和内涵, 并分别从生态学、社会学和经济学3个角度论述了目前森林生态系统管理的主要研究方向和内容, 指出森林生态系统管理本质上是一种森林资源管理方法, 其应用不仅仅关系到自然科学, 而更多地关系到文化和社会, 因此要根据特殊的国情和林情, 研究适合我国现阶段社会经济发展背景的森林生态系统管理模式。     

论红松果材林的生态经济问题

本文全面主红松果材林生态系统的特点,划分了吉林省红松果材林的栽培区域。提出了红松果材林复合生态系统类型和红松果材林经营的技术问题。     

A concept in adaptive ecosystem management—An engineering perspective

Uncertainty how ecosystems will behave and look like in the future has been increasing. Several concepts, such as sustainable, adaptive, or risk-based management, were proposed to cope with uncertain, incomplete knowledge, and with changing environmental conditions. However, there is a lack of agreement what those concepts mean and how they differ from traditional forest management approaches. The paper aims at (1) exploring general systems theory, control theory, and risk management theory for general principles that may be guiding the future development of ecosystem management, and that (2) developing a concept in adaptive ecosystem management that may act as a shared mental model for both scholars and practitioners.     

徐州市城郊森林生态系统健康评价及管理对策

论述了生态系统健康的概念和标准,对徐州市城郊森林健康状况进行了实例研究,建立了生态系统健康评价指标体系,共8个标准25个指标,对该森林生态系统健康状况进行了评价,得分2.2057分,健康状况等级为较差到一般之间。根据评价结果,提出了对该生态系统扩大边界、进行植被管理、建立核心保护区、加强野生动物保护等生态系统管理对策。       

论河南省天然林在生态体系建设中的作用’

在深入分析河南省天然林现状及其在生态体系建设中发挥的重要作用的基础上,提出了天然林保护与可持续经营的措施．     

Spatial mapping of the social value of forest services: A case study of northern Jordan

ABSTRACT

Despite the growing body of research on ecosystem services and their valuation, Jordan still faces many challenges with integration of ecosystem service concepts into forest sustainability policy and management planning. One major challenge is the incorporation of local communities into policy design, planning, and implementation. This article aims to provide information about the social value of forests’ provisioning and cultural services in a spatial context using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The study utilizes a new approach to mapping value in rural areas by projecting local forest value from interview data. A value index is created based on indicated importance of services as well as proximity to households, permitting interpolation of value in forested areas between survey points. The resulting maps illustrate ecosystem service “hotspot” areas of significance to planning and management. This mapping technique can be applied in other locations where homes are situated near and within the ecosystems being assessed. The resulting maps serve to inform forest management policy and planning by better integrating communities’ preferences into development and conservation efforts, ensuring more efficient utilization of ecosystem services.     

山地次生林退化生态系统诊断技术初探

以黑龙江省林业科学院江山娇实验林场天然次生林生态系统为研究对象,以恢复生态学为研究理论基础,叙述了退化生态系统的概念、退化生态系统诊断技术研究进展以及江山娇实验林场天然次生林退化生态系统特征。提出了天然次生林生态系统退化程度诊断技术方法,并结合样地实测数据,采用常用的专家咨询法进行权重赋值,计算样地退化指数,依据退化指数分析了样地的退化程度。     

徐州绿地生态系统发展规划

坚持以科学发展观为指导,以打造生态城市为战略取向,以改革创新为内在动力,狠抓网络,完善山区,突破三产,全面构筑"绿色生态网络,绿色生态产业和绿色森林文化"为中心的"绿色生态徐州"。为此,必须强化组织领导,建立征占用城市绿地生态系统用地审批前公告、人民代表和市民听证制度和长效财政投入机制,加强资源保护,强化科技支撑。       

商品竹林植物型复合经营理论与实践及其研究进展

为维护商品竹林立地生产力持久发挥和稳定,提高竹林生态系统稳定性和多功能效益,促进竹林高效可持续经营,在分析现行竹林经营中存在的主要问题基础上,按照生态系统综合管理原则,明确了实施竹林复合经营的必要性,介绍了商品竹林复合经营的概念与目标,阐述了竹林植物型复合经营的理论基础及其实践经验,提出了超高产复合经营植物材料选育、高效栽培模式与技术、生态系统稳定性和效益发挥评价等竹林植物型复合经营的重点研究领域与方向。     

基于VAR模型的森林生态系统适应性管理与经济发展动态关联分析———以黑龙江省大小兴安岭森林生态功能区为例

将衡量森林生态功能区森林生态系统适应性管理效果的指标分解为气候调节、生态保持、产品供给、休闲服务4项,通过主成分分析计算得到各个指标的重要性; 利用VAR模型分析黑龙江省大小兴安岭森林生态系统适应性管理与经济发展的相互影响; 根据脉冲响应函数分析得到森林生态系统适应性管理与经济发展之间的动态关联关系,据此给出若干提高森林生态系统服务水平和促进经济发展的对策和建议。     

Biodiversity and the lexicon zoo

Ecologists and natural resource managers struggle to define and relate biodiversity, biocomplexity, ecological integrity, ecosystem services, and related concepts; to describe effects of disturbance dynamics on biodiversity; and to understand how biodiversity relates to resilience, resistance, and stability of ecosystems and sustainability of resource conditions. Further diversifying this “lexicon zoo” are the ecological roles of rare species and refugia, and measures of surrogates and indicators of biodiversity parameters. To impart order on this lexicon zoo, a “concept map” framework is suggested for clearly defining biodiversity parameters and related terms, relating biodiversity to ecosystem services and sustainability, describing how disturbance affects biodiversity, and identifying biodiversity parameters for management and monitoring. Many relations among these concepts are poorly understood in managed forest environments and are presented here as testable tenets.     

我国森林生态学研究的现状及其思考

森林生态学是研究森林及其与环境间相互关系的科学,森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统中一个重要类型和组成部分,对自然环境和人类的作用是明显的,在实现可持续发展中具有不可替代的作用。由于森林生态系统的复杂性和研究手段的相对滞后,目前森林生态学研究虽然取得很大的进展并成功应用于林业实践,但也存在一些问题。本文简要回顾和评述了我国森林生态学的发展和研究现状,着重指出目前研究中存在的不足,并结合现今森林生态学的发展趋势以及我们相关研究基础对森林生态系统的结构和功能研究、森林生态系统管理、森林流域生态学研究、森林生态系统健康等进行了讨论。参21。     

Ecosystem management based on large-scale disturbance pulses: A case study from sub-boreal forests of western Quebec (Canada)

The northern Témiscamingue region (western Québec) sustained regional-scale pulses of natural disturbances during the 1850–2000 period, such as severe fires during the 1908–1926 period, two severe spruce budworm outbreaks that occurred in 1909–1918 and 1974–1984, and two birch dieback episodes around 1940 and 1980. These disturbances produced synchronous fluctuations in forest characteristics over large spatial scales. In this paper, we review possible responses of flora and fauna to pulsed large-scale disturbance events and speculate on whether they should be emulated to reduce the impacts of forest management on non-timber resources. The importance of large-scale disturbance pulses for biodiversity and forest ecosystem integrity is potentially great, but this aspect has been poorly investigated by previous research, and thus there is little information available to guide forest management. Large-scale, synchronous disturbances could be emulated by clustering harvesting activities in time, for example by creating “harvest pulses” of 10–20 years, separated by periods of 50–100 years or so with low harvest rates. A potential disadvantage of this strategy is that when our capacity to predict future natural disturbances is low, there is a higher probability of accidentally taking the forest ecosystem outside of the range of natural variability compared with a status quo forest management scenario. From a socio-economic perspective, another potential disadvantage is in creating irregular wood flows to the forest transformation industry. Nonetheless, in a context where the forest has been over-disturbed in the recent past, a forest management strategy involving fluctuating harvest rates could provide the means for faster ecosystem recovery compared with a status quo strategy. We recommend that the potential importance of disturbance pulses for boreal and sub-boreal ecosystems be more thoroughly investigated by future research to inform management and conservation policies.     

森林生态系统的生物多样性保护问题

生物多样性的保护和可持续的利用对森林的保护与可持续经营具有特别重要的意义，生物多样性保护在森林生态系统管理中也越来越显示其重要性。讨论全球森林生态系统生物多样性保护的发展趋势及森林生态系统生物多样性保护的理论和对策，以及生物多样性指数在评价生物多样性管理的应用，提出我国生物多样性保护研究应该加强的方向。