两种除草剂防除甘薯田杂草药效试验

用50％乙草胺乳油和50％异丙草胺乳油（地瓜草锄）两种除草剂进行甘薯田杂草防效试验。结果表明：50％乙草胺乳油对甘薯地杂草的防除效果最高在80％左右,每666．7m^2适宜用药量为180—200ml;50％异丙草胺乳油可有效防除甘薯田的禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草,并对甘薯安全,在防效上明显优于50％乙草胺,最高防效可达90％以上,是一种较好的甘薯田除草剂,每666．7m^2适宜用药量为250—300ml。     

10％精喹禾灵乳油防除大豆田禾本科杂草田间药效试验报告

通过对10％精喹禾灵乳油防除大豆田禾本科杂草进行田间药效试验,结果表明：10％精喹禾灵乳油Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ各处理对大豆田禾本科杂草的株防效仍然较高,对禾本科杂草马唐的株防效分别为74．85％、94．85％、98．52％,鲜重防效分别为71．29％、95．19％、99.11％;对禾本科杂草狗尾草的株防效分别为71.5％、94．7％、98.9％,鲜重防效分别为69．61％、96．1％、99.13％;对禾本科杂草稗草的株防效分别为61．4％、90．39％、95.73％,鲜重防效分别为63．26％、92．9％、97．11％;对总草的株防效分别为71.81％、94．09％、98．17％,鲜重防效分别为69．7％、95．09％、98．83％．     

几种除草剂及其混剂药效及对玉米安全性评价

盆栽试验条件下，比较了乙草胺、草净津和莠去津及其三者组成的混剂用作土壤处理与茎叶处理剂对玉米安全性，杀草谱及除草效果。结果表明，药剂各处理对玉米安全。土壤处理，3种单剂对单子叶杂草株防效差别不大，对双子叶杂草株防效依次为：乙草胺＝秀去津＞草净津，杂草鲜重抑制效果相当，ED50、ED90相近，分别为154．4－160．4g.ai/hm^2和715．1－871．1g.ai/hm^2；茎叶处理，对单子叶杂草株防效依次为：乙草胺＝莠去津＞草净津，对双子叶杂草株防效依次为：草净津＞莠去津＞乙草胺，杂草鲜重毒力依次为莠去津＞乙草胺＞草净津，ED50、ED90分别为78－107．9g.ai/hm^2和412．3－1271．4g.ai/hm^2。3种混剂杀草谱较单剂广、效果高。     

不同除草剂防除烤烟苗床杂草的药效比较试验

用50％敌草胺WP、96％金都尔、48％氟乐灵、50％除草通4种除草剂对烤烟苗床杂草进行除草试验。播种40d后调查结果为：4种除草剂对单子叶杂草的防效分别为93．01％，84．79％、94．62％，86．02％，对双子叶杂草防效分别为86．36％、78．18％、92．72％、67．27％。经方差证明，4种除草剂之间差异并不显著，与对照相比，差异达显著水平。     

3种进口麦田除草剂对麦田禾本科杂草防效比较试验

对3种进口麦田除草剂的除草效果进行了防效比较试验。结果显示,施药40d后,15％炔草酸30g对禾本科杂草的总株防效和鲜重防效分别为90．5％和94．7％,3．6％阔世玛25g禾本科杂草的总株防效和鲜重防效分别为87．3％和91．2％,7．5％啶磺草胺12．5g对禾本科杂草的总株防效和鲜重防效分别为88．3％和92．8％。经SPSS11．0统计分析在0．01水平上15％炔草酸30g和3．6％阔世玛25g、7．5％啶磺草胺12．5g差异显著,后两者无明显差异。     

敌草隆、阿灭净防除蔗田杂草试验

应用敌草隆、阿灭净防除蔗田１５种杂草，数量防效在９１．７－９９．４％之间；鲜重防效为９３．０％－９９．８％。播后芽前施药防除禾本科杂草效果明显优于苗期茎叶处理，防除稗草、千金子效果分别提高１６％、３８．７％；但对其余杂草防效差异不明显。苗期施药，阿灭净和敌草隆混用对稗草的防效均显著高于两个单剂的防效，对千金子的效果也优于两种低浓度的各单用效果。混用或播后芽前施药可提高对甘蔗的安全性。     

40％乙草胺水乳剂防除大豆田杂草药效研究

对40％乙草胺水乳剂防除大豆田杂草进行田间试验，结果表明：三种浓度的40％乙草胺水乳剂处理药后30d对杂草的防效仍然很高，对马唐等禾本科杂草的株防效分别为72.02％、89.56％、92.52％，鲜重防效分别为83.19％、94.37％、95．14％；对铁苋菜等阔叶杂草的株防效分别为51.52％、69．06％、77.37％，鲜重防效分别为38.25％、86.54％、91.82％；对总草的株防效分别为67．55％、85，09％、89.22％，鲜重防效分别为68．69％、91.84％、94，07％。     

秧草清防除秧田杂草试验

２７．５％秧草清可湿性粉剂亩施３０、４０、５０ｇ三个剂量进行秧田除草试验，结果表明，秧草清对稗草株防效分别达到７８．９％、９４．３％和９７．１％．对稗草鲜重防效分别达到９４．１％、９８．４％和９９．３％；对杂草总体株防效分别为８２．８％、９０．０％和９２．５％，对杂草总体鲜重防效分别为９０．２％、９６．５％和９７．５％。三个使用剂量对水稻秧苗都很安全。     

30％苄·异丙草胺WP防除水稻移栽田杂草效果

试验研究了30％苄·异丙草胺WP防除水稻移栽田稗草和鸭舌草的效果,并测定了对杂草氮、磷、钾和水分的影响.试验结果表明,30％苄·异丙草胺WP对水稻移栽田的稗草和鸭舌草具有良好的防治效果.有效成分用量90.0～135.0 g/hm2的30％苄·异丙草胺WP施药后50d,稗草的密度防效和鲜重防效分别为89.31％～94.30％、91.69％～96.02％,鸭舌草的密度防效和鲜重防效分别为96.83％～98.76％、96.76％～97.99％,总体防效优于对照药剂72％异丙草胺EC和10％苄嘧磺隆WP.施用30％苄·异丙草胺WP能降低杂草对田间养分和水分的吸收,提高水稻产量.     

5种除草剂对保护性耕作春玉米苗期田间杂草的防效

对保护性耕作春玉米播后苗前采用除草剂封闭土壤试验及苗期除草试验的结果表明,玉米播后苗前用96%金都尔乳油1125 mL/hm2+72%2,4-D丁酯乳油1125 m L/hm2和50%乙草胺乳油2250 mL/hm2+72%2,4-D丁酯乳油1125 mL/hm2对水900 kg喷雾对杂草防效较好,药后30 d的校正防效分别为91.7%、91.1%,药后40 d的校正防效分别为69.5%、70.5%,对杂草的控制时间均在40 d左右.玉米苗期用41%异丙草·莠悬浮剂3750 mL/hm2和48%乙·莠可湿性粉剂3000 g/hm2对水750 kg喷雾对杂草防效较好,施药后15 d的校正防效分别为95.6%、95.7%,施药后40 d的校正防效分别为91.2%、88.2%,鲜重防效分别为94.5%、93.9%,可控制杂草30 d以上     

农田杂草种子库与除草策略

土壤杂草种子库是农田杂草发生的主要根源,种子库对于杂草的防除具有非常重要的意义。目前研究表明,杂草种子库的密度和组成变化很大,与农田所在的生境田间杂草群落具有密切的联系。论述了农田杂草种子库研究的方法,农田杂草种子库的特征与变动规律,在此基础上论证了针对性的杂草防除策略。     

麦田杂草防治技术

分析麦田杂草的危害及技术,并提出杂草防治关键技术。     

田间杂草识别与除草技术智能化研究进展

随着计算机与电子技术的发展,田间杂草识别与除草技术逐步走向智能化,自动除草系统成为国内外研究热点。本文对组成田间杂草识别与自动除草系统的4个主要模块(系统导航模块、图像采集与处理模块、杂草识别模块和除草控制模块)分别进行了综述和分析,并指出目前研究中存在的问题及今后努力的方向。     

Two-Year Weed Seedling Population Responses to a Post-Emergent Method of Site-Specific Weed Management

Field experiments were conducted to determine how a site-specific weed management practice in Zea mays L. influenced the numerical and spatial distribution of a naturally occurring weed infestation in Z. mays and the succeeding Beta vulgaris L. crop. Compared to conventional broadcast herbicide applications, site-specific herbicide applications reduced herbicide load by 11.5 and 98.0% in two separate Z. mays fields. The broad range in outcomes was attributed to the spatial aggregation and density of target weed populations. While herbicide use was successfully reduced at field locations with low weed density, most survivors of multiple control tactics were in locations with the highest initial density. A greater understanding of interactions between weed management and weed density would increase the likelihood that site-specific weed management offers long-term improvements over conventional approaches.     

不同除草方式对稻田杂草群落及其多样性的影响

为了解不同除草方式[人工除草(A_(01))和化学除草(B_(01))]稻田杂草群落和生物多样性的现状,2016年对新疆伊犁河谷2种不同除草方式稻田杂草重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠值进行研究。结果表明:A_(01)和B_(01)稻田杂草种类分别有10目11科12属14种和6目7科10属11种,2种模式杂草群落结构类似,为阔叶类杂草+莎草科杂草+禾本科杂草;A_(01)重要杂草和主要杂草为B_(01)的1.33倍和1.50倍;A_(01)扁秆藨草生态位宽度(0.838 2)最大,B_(01)长芒稗生态位宽度(0.895 9)最大;B_(01)中长芒稗、空心莲子草、扁秆藨草生态位宽度均高于0.6且长芒稗-空心莲子草(A_(01):0.814 8,B_(01):0.790 9)、长芒稗-扁秆藨草(A_(01):0.838 0,B_(01):0.735 3)和空心莲子草-扁秆藨草(A_(01):0.967 9,B_(01):0.614 5)的生态位重叠值也均高于0.6,说明不同除草方式下,稻田杂草种间竞争格局发生改变,长芒稗、空心莲子草和扁秆藨草逐步演替为调查区主要杂草且其在B_(01)稻田表现出抗药性。     

空心莲子草的可利用价值

介绍了外来入侵物种空心莲子草的可利用价值,空心莲子草具有较广泛的应用前景。     

杂草鉴别专家系统

杂草鉴别专家系统包括杂草鉴定、信息查询、杂草处方和系统维护等模块．用户可采用多种鉴定方式,系统给出鉴定结果并列出其性状描述以及彩色模式图,以资对照确认．用户还可以查询各种除草信息并输出最佳的除草处方．采用 Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ ５．０ 编程,利用可视化与面向对象编程技术得到良好的界面,操作方便,系统易于修改和扩充     

Predicting Weed Species Occurrence Based on Site Properties and Previous Year's Weed Presence

Probabilities of Setaria spp., Solanum ptycanthum, Helianthus annuus and Abutilon theophrasti occurrence were predicted based on two site property factors and weed species presence in a previous year using logistic regression models. Weed seedling surveys were conducted just prior to post-emergence weed management in two grower-managed fields in the central Platte River Valley of Nebraska, USA at Alda in 1995 and 1996 and at Shelton in 1994, 1995 and 1997. Weed species density data were re-classified as present or absent at each pair of points on the sampling grid, representing quadrat locations either in the pre-emergence herbicide band or between the crop rows. Site property data were collected in March 1995 at Alda and March 1994 at Shelton. Using factor analysis, two independent factors were derived from correlated attributes of relative elevation, percent organic carbon, pH, nitrate, phosphate, and soil texture measured at Alda. Logistic regression models were estimated and parameterized for each weed species at Alda in 1996 based on the two factors (topography and soil type and soil fertility status) and weed species presence in 1995. Performance of these models for each weed species was evaluated using the independent data set from Shelton. Between and on crop row Setaria spp. and Solanum ptycanthum models described these populations at Alda. At Shelton, on row Setaria spp. occurrence and between row Solanum ptycanthum occurrence were adequately predicted. Helianthus annuus or Abutilon theophrasti occurrence was not well predicted even with knowledge of their presence in the previous year, probably as a result of low actual occurrence within a given year. Maps of predicted occurrence have value in directing weed scouting to field locations where the species is most likely to occur.     

利用植物病原真菌防除杂草研究进展

本文概述了国内外利用植物病原真菌防除杂草研究的历史成就、成功事例及研究进展。