干巴菌外生菌根及菌丝的观察

干巴菌（Ｔｈｅｌｅ－ｐｈｏｒａｇａｎｂａｊｕｎ）是一种外生菌根真菌，主要与云南松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）形成单轴二叉分枝和单枝的菌根。干巴菌的双校菌丝呈淡黄色和白色两种菌丝，分枝均稀少，菌丝分隔，菌丝具有锁状联合，有“Ｈ”型的菌丝细胞接合现象。     

外生菌根真菌的研究进展

外生菌根真菌在维护生态平衡和保护生物多样性方面起着至关重要的作用,是维持森林生态系统平衡的重要组成部分,在生态系统的物质和能量循环中起关键作用。近年来随着外生菌根研究的不断深入,在外生菌根真菌的生物学特性和应用研究方面取得了较大的成果。对国内外外生菌根真菌的分类鉴定、多样性分布机制、应用、形成与持续性、驯化栽培方面的阶段性研究成果和进展进行了简要综述,旨在为外生菌根真菌的研究提供参考。     

油松外生菌根真菌名录

该文对30多年来对油松外生菌根真菌的调查结果进行了总结,油松外生菌根真菌隶属于2个门、2个亚门、4个纲、10个目、20个科、27个属,其中已定名的种有43种。旨在了解油松外生菌根真菌的多样性,并为今后高效外生菌根真菌菌剂的开发提供依据。     

粤北山区的红菇资源

红菇(Russula)野生菌在林间地上常有发生,夏秋季更为常见。菇体通常较大,多数种类菌盖直径3～14厘米,菇柄较粗;菌肉组织疏松,肉质至海绵状,质脆,容易长蛆而至腐烂;多数菌盖色鲜艳,颜色则随种类不同而异,其中以红、绿、黄至黄褐、白等颜色居多。这些菌类中很多是可食的,粵北各地不少群众有采食的习惯,鳞盖红菇(南雄等地称“红菌”或“大红菇”)是最著名的一种。部分种类还可作药用,但有部分红菇的种类是有毒的。红菇的菌类都是与树木共生的外生菌根真菌,故到目前尚未能进行人工     

外生菌根菌的分离与培养的研究进展

外生菌根菌在生态、经济等方面发挥的重要作用使其成为大型真菌领域研究及发展的主要对象。归纳了真菌研究过程中基础且关键的步骤即分离与培养,从分离材料、分离方法、分离部位、分离过程、培养基的选择,培养条件的筛选等方面进行综述,同时结合已分离培养成功的外生菌根菌的例子,旨在为未培养成功的外生菌根菌提供参考,以及为外生菌根菌的深入研究和资源拓展打下基础。     

菌根菌及其利用

高等植物的菌根是真菌与植物的共生联合体,真菌与植物的共栖关系,对植物生长很重要。有些树木的生长常依赖其根部形成的菌根的真菌,如果缺乏真菌,植物就长不好。现知有菌根的植物达数百余种。有木本植物,也有草本植物,有野生植物,也有农作物。菌根有内生菌根、外生菌根和内外生菌根三     

不同生长调节物质对松乳菇菌丝生长的影响

松乳菇是1种外生菌根真菌，目前还难以完全实现人工代料栽培，本试验设计研究4种不同的生长调节物质对松乳菇菌丝生长的影响。结果表明，分别添加浓度为40mg·L^-1的维生素B。、5mg·L^-1的赤霉素、1．0mg·L^-1的三十烷醇和40mg·L^-1的肌醇时，菌丝的生长速度最快。其中，添加浓度为5mg·L^-1的赤霉素对松乳菇菌丝生长的促进作用最为显著。     

外生菌根真菌组织分离培养基比较试验

外生菌根真菌中包括了大量美味可口的食用真菌,开展对外生菌根菌的研究乃是野生菌驯化中的主要内容。外生菌根菌纯培养的取得,可采用孢子分离法、子实体分离法和菌根组织分离法,其中子实体组织分离法是一种较常用的分离方法。用组织分离法获得     

刍议菌根菌的驯化利用问题

许多大型真菌与高等植物的根系形成共生关系,通常把这种关系称为外生菌根。人们发现这种现象已有百年历史,在我国已知的有600种以上,例如伞菌类中的红菇属、乳菇属、鹅膏菌属、牛肝菌属,腹菌类的硬皮马勃菌属、豆包菌,以及子囊菌类的块菌属等。外生菌根菌的菌丝附着于植物根系上并深入根的皮层细胞间,扩大根系吸收水分和溶于水中营养物质的面积,并能产生刺激生长和具     

干巴菌物种复合群与云南松形成的外生菌根形态特征及分子鉴定

对干巴菌(Thelephora ganbajun)隐存种与云南松形成的外生菌根的形态结构和解剖结构特征进行了观察和描述。该外生菌根具有如下特征:二叉分支,黄褐色,外层、中层和内层菌套同为密丝组织结构,菌套表层具有由膨大菌丝细胞形成的菌丝网,外延菌丝有锁状联合,多分支,分支处有锁状联合,菌丝接合呈"H"型。首次用分子生物学方法对干巴菌隐存种形成的外生菌根进行了鉴定。对云南不同地区干巴菌的外生菌根形态和解剖结构特征研究将会对该复合群分类研究提供一些依据。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.