辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）育种的进展

从ＣＭＶ株系的分化，抗ＣＭＶ种质资源的筛选，抗ＣＭＶ的遗传规律和抗ＣＭＶ育种的方法及成就四个方面综述了国内外近三十年来的辣椒抗ＣＭＶ遗传与育种研究进展，并提出了提高我国辣椒抗ＣＭＶ育种效率的若干建议。     

台湾地区樟芝研究概况与发展趋势

樟芝中有超过78种化合物，包括三萜类、苯酸类、木脂素、苯醌及其衍生物、琥珀酸与马来酸及其衍生物及多糖体等。近年来研究表明其在抗发炎、保肝、抗肝癌、抗肺癌、抗乳癌、抗卵巢癌、抗结肠癌、抗口腔癌、抗氧化、降低系统性红斑狼疮性肾炎及抗血小板凝集等方面具有高度发展潜力；不具有基因毒性。对樟芝学名变迁与国际发表研究论文数量变化，台湾樟芝硕博士论文数量与研究领域分布，台湾樟芝研究计划的件数与经费变化，台湾有关樟芝《发明专利公报》、《发明公开公报》与《新型专利公报》数量的变化及特定化合物种类作了介绍，并探讨樟芝研究的发展趋势。     

主要瓜类作物抗霜霉病育种研究进展

从病原菌的生物学特性及生理分化、抗病性鉴定方法、抗霜霉病遗传及抗病机制等方面，对国内外主要瓜类作物抗霜霉病育种的研究进展作了较为全面的综述，并提出了这一研究领域的若干问题。     

桃抗再植病障碍砧木中桃抗砧1号的选育

中桃抗砧1号是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所经过40 a（年）优异种质发掘、杂交育种和多区多点试验等研究，育成的桃多抗砧木新品种，亲本为96-7-6（红寿星×乐园）与红根甘肃桃1号。中桃抗砧1号树势健壮，树姿半开张，具有抗桃树再植障碍、抗土壤南方根结线虫、耐旱、耐贫瘠等特点，与各种桃品种嫁接亲和性好，苗木整齐、健壮，建立了其无性繁殖技术体系，在桃产业可持续发展方面有广阔应用前景。     

萝卜黑腐病研究进展

萝卜是重要的蔬菜作物，黑腐病是其主要病害之一，对萝卜产量和品质影响较大。从黑腐病发生、黑腐病菌特征、黑腐病抗源材料的筛选及抗病育种研究、抗黑腐病基因、抗黑腐病遗传规律和黑腐病综合防治等方面对萝卜黑腐病研究进展进行综述，旨在为黑腐病的研究提供理论基础。     

早熟甜椒新品种“中椒107号”

中椒107号，早熟、定植后30d左右开始采收。果实灯笼形，3～4个心室，平均单果重150～200克。果色绿，果实品质优良，果肉脆甜，果肉厚0．5cm左右。抗烟草花叶病毒，中抗黄瓜花叶病毒。亩产可达4000～5000kg。新一代品种在产量、抗病性、果实商品性方面有较大程度的提高。     

瓜类枯萎病研究进展

摘要：为了更好地认识并防治瓜类枯萎病，从瓜类枯萎病病原菌、病菌致病机理、瓜类抗枯萎病分 子标记、枯萎病防治方法4个方面综述了瓜类枯萎病研究进展，其中致病机理包括毒素作用、机械堵塞 作用、多因素共同作用，防治技术包括农业防治、化学防治、生物防治等，并浅谈了抗枯萎病分子标记 的研究进展；最后进行了展望，即未来需加大分子标记研究，持续加强生物防治研究。     

北方寒地黑壤土蛇豆高产栽培技术

蛇豆营养丰富，抗病虫能力强，是目前最为理想的绿色蔬菜，具有良好的发展前景。从品种选择、育苗定植、铲趟、引蔓、病虫害防治和采收等方面介绍了北方寒地黑壤土蛇豆高产栽培技术。     

番茄抗冷研究进展与新疆加工番茄的抗冷育种

简述了国内外在番茄抗冷性方面的研究进展,包括抗冷性鉴定方法和评价指标、植株体抗冷性产生的机理、抗冷基因及其遗传特性,以及抗冷育种的现状.论述了抗冷育种在新疆加工番茄产业中的重要性以及发展前景.     

园艺植物冷害和抗冷性的研究—文献综述

综述了园艺植物抗冷性的研究结果，包括以下几个方面：（１）冷害的形态表现；（２）叶绿体／线粒体与冷害；（３）细胞膜系与抗冷性；（４）蛋白质与抗冷性。同时提出了植物抗冷性研究领域值得深入研讨的问题。     

竹荪深层发酵产物的毒性及降血脂作用分析

竹荪深层发酵菌丝体的急毒、亚毒及降血脂动物实验表明，该产物对机体无毒性作用，可明显降低血清总胆固醇浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Water decoction of Platycladus orientalis reduces blood glucose and lipids in mice

AIM: To study the effects of water decoction of Platycladus orientalis on reducing high blood glucose and lipids in diabetic and hyperlipidemia mice, respectively. METHODS: The mouse model of hyperlipidemia was established. The increasing rate of weight, hepatic index, lipid content of liver and atherosclerosis index (AI) were measured. Blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin (ADP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. According to these indexes, the function of water decoction of Platycladus orientalis for reducing high blood lipids caused by hyperlipidemia was evaluated. At the same time, the model of diabetes mellitus was established. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. The glucose tolerance test was performed. The insulin resistance index was calculated. The function of water decoction of Platycladus orientalis to reduce high blood glucose caused by diabetes was observed by these above indexes. RESULTS: Water decoction of Platycladus orientalis lowered the increasing rate of weight, hepatic index and lipid content of liver, reduced the blood content of TC, TG and IL-6, and elevated the blood HDL-C and ADP content caused by high-fat diet apparently (P<0.05). The effect of water decoction of Platycladus orientalis at high dose was more effective than that at low dose. Water decoction of Platycladus orientalis obviously alleviated the abnormity of glucose tole-rance test, reduced blood TNF-α and insulin levels, and decreased insulin resistance index caused by diabetes apparently (P<0.05). The effect of the drug at high dose was stronger than that at low dose. CONCLUSION: The water decoction of Platycladus orientalis dose-dependently reduces blood glucose caused by diabetes and blood lipids caused by hyperlipidemia in the mice. The mechanism to reduce blood lipids may be related with elevating blood ADP content and reducing blood IL-6 content, and the mechanism to reduce blood glucose may be related with lowering blood TNF-α content.     

Establishment of an acute renal failure animal model by renal transitory ischemia

AIM: To establish an animal model of acute renal failure (ARF) according to the clinical manifestations by reducing renal blood flow.METHODS: Renal ischemia in rabbits was induced by the ligation of bilateral renal arteries incompletely for 20 min and then the ligation was released. Before and after incomplete ligation of bilateral renal arteries, and after resuming renal blood flow, the urine volume, serum creatinine, electrolytes and blood gas analysis in the experimental animals were determined. One kidney of each rabbit was harvested at different stages for pathological examination.RESULTS: After reducing renal blood flow, the urine volume of the rabbit decreased (P<0.05) and the serum levels of creatinine increased significantly (P<0.01). At the same time, the level of serum K⁺ appeared an elevated trend. pH and HCO^-₃ in the arterial blood decreased, and the negative value of BE increased markedly, indicating that metabolic acidosis developed. After resuming the kidney perfusion, the urine volume of the rabbits increased to normal, the level of serum creatinine also decreased to normal as the renal reflow recovery for 1 h, but metabolic acidosis remained continuously. The level of serum K⁺ decreased for a while and elevated again. No obvious pathological changes of the kidney were observed under microscope at the stage of ischemia for 20 min, reflow for 1 h and 5 h.CONCLUSION: Incomplete ligation of bilateral renal arteries develops multiple clinical manifestations and characteristics of functional ARF. This animal model of ARF is helpful for relevant purposes of teaching and research.     

植物多糖的提取及功能研究进展

介绍了植物多糖的基本信息,总结了植物多糖的提取工艺,包括溶剂提取法、酶提取法、超声提取法和微波提取法。介绍了植物多糖的抗炎、抑肿瘤、免疫调节、降血脂和抗病毒等功能方面的研究进展。     

金耳发酵液对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究

研究表明，金耳发酵液对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用，同模型对照组相比．大剂量组差异显著（P〈0.05）；同时，大剂量组对糖尿病小鼠摄食、饮水量的减少及体重的增加均有显著影响（P〈0.05）     

浅谈菊花的饮食文化

菊花起源于中国,是中国的十大名花之一。菊花因含有多种生物活性因子,具有抗衰老、明目、清热、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂等保健作用。在中国传统的饮食文化中,菊花占有一席之地,不仅食用方法多：泡茶、酿酒、制食,而且文化底蕴深厚。     

Enhanced external counterpulsation improves common carotid artery blood flow in sudden cardiac arrest dogs

AIM: To investigate the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), common carotid artery blood flow following sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dogs. METHODS: Dog SCA model was induced with alternating current, then 10 dogs were randomly divided into EECP group (n=6) and control group (n=4) after successful ROSC. The arterial blood pressure (BP), quantity of right common carotid artery blood flow (Q) and intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CCP) equaled to BP minus ICP. Resistance of common carotid artery equaled to mean BP/mean Q. RESULTS: The animal model of SCA-ROSC in 10 dogs were successfully established. No significant difference of mean blood pressure (MBP), maximum systolic pressure (MSP), mean ICP, systolic ICP, diastolic ICP, mean CPP and maximum systolic CPP at all time points between the 2 groups was observed. Compared with control group, the maximum diastolic pressure (MDP) and maximum diastolic CPP was significantly elevated, the resistance of common carotid artery was significantly decreased, and right common carotid artery blood flow was significantly increased in EECP group. CONCLUSION: EECP does not affect MBP, MSP, ICP, mean CPP and systolic CPP,but improves common carotid artery blood flow possibly by increasing diastolic BP, diastolic CPP and reducing the resistance of common carotid artery or other mechanisms.     

Effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine on blood pressure and renal function in sympathectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on blood pressure and renal function in sympathectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: The neonatal SHR were sympathectomized by guanethidine monosulfate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was monitored by tail-cuff method. Urine excretion of norepinephrine (NE) was measured by metabolic cage collection. The levels of ADMA and NE in the kidneys were analyzed by HPLC. Nitric oxide (NO) content in SHR kidney was detected by colorimetry. The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined by Western blot. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was examined to evaluate the renal function. RESULTS: Neonatal chemical sympathectomy produced significant decreases in urinary NE excretion, renal NE and ADMA contents, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the sympathetically intact SHR (P<0.05). Moreover, the level of NO content and protein expression of eNOS in the kidneys were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in microalbumin, urinary sodium excretion and GFR between the sympathetically intact SHR and the sympathectomized SHR. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system affects blood pressure by reducing the release of ADMA and NE, and increasing NO synthesis and eNOS expression. The regulation of ADMA generation by sympathetic nervous system does not influence renal function.     

Protective effect and mechanism of ulinastatin on rats with hemorrhagic shock

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin on rats with hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: A prospective, controlled animal study was designed. The model of hemorrhagic shock in rats was produced by Chaudry method. After 60 min, rats were resuscitated by transfusion of shed blood and normal saline, but a half of them were treated with ulinastatin. At different time points after reperfusion, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were detected. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA significantly increased and the activity of SOD decreased. In the ulinastatin-treated groups, the blood pressure and heart rate were obviously improved; the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA significantly decreased and the activity of SOD had little change after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ulinastatin has a protection effect on rats with hemorrhagic shock by suppressing the production of inflammatory factors and reducing oxidative damage.