浅析异地引进种用畜禽存在的问题

近年来．由于加大畜牧业的发展力度。各省、市、县都在加大力度引进种用畜禽．以改良本地品种或扩大本地的畜牧生产规模。省与省之间、县与县之间种用畜禽的调运更加频繁．给动物疫病的防疫、检疫、监督带来了新的挑战。为防止动物疫病在引种时带入发生,引种单位应充分按照《动物防疫法》、部令14号《检疫管理规范》、GB16567-1996、     

黑山羊批量引进及管理

为切实做好引进山羊的疫病防控和饲养管理工作,有效防止山羊疫病的发生及流行,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》等畜牧兽医法律法规及国家技术监督局《畜禽产地检验规范》(GB16549—     

产地检疫存在的问题及建议

1．动物检疫项目有缺陷。《动物防疫法》第三十一条第三款明确规定，动物检疫员应当按照检疫规程实施检疫。国标GB 16549—1996、GB 16567—1996、GB 16568—1996分别给出了畜禽产地检疫、种畜禽检疫、奶牛检疫的技     

北京市乳用、种用动物跨省调运管理暂行办法

<正>第一章总则第一条为规范乳用动物、种用动物及其精液、胚胎、种蛋(以下简称乳用、种用动物)跨省(自治区、直辖市)(以下简称"跨省")调运工作,加强引进乳用、种用动物的监督管理,防止外源性动物疫病传入,保障畜禽养殖健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》和《动物检疫管理办法》的有关规定,制定本办法。第二条本办法适用于本市     

动物及其产品的调运管理初探

为有效防止动物及动物产品调入可能引入疫病的问题发生，1996年浙江省义乌市人民政府制定《义乌市牲畜及畜产品定点调运管理办法》，采取了对口供应基地定期考察考核，调动人员资格审查，牲畜及畜产品定点定线调运等措施，有效地遏制了外来疫病的进入，较好地保障了近年来义乌市动物防疫和畜产品安全。     

动物卫生监督标准化现状分析及几点建议

1 动物卫生监督标准化建设现状及分析 多年来,国家先后出台了《畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程》、《新城疫检疫技术规范》、《猪瘟检疫技术规范》、《种畜禽调运检疫技术规范》、《畜禽产品消毒规范》、《畜禽屠宰卫生检疫规范》等标准及技术规范,这些标准对于规范动物卫生监督工作,预防、控制和扑灭动物疫病、促进养殖业发展．发挥了重要作用。但也存在动物卫生行业管理规范少,现有的管理规范缺乏系统性,有的规范内容不完善等问题。     

湖南省动物检疫承诺制度实施方案

为了进一步加强我省动物检疫监督管理,规范动物检疫行为,提高动物检疫工作质量,防止动物疫病流行,严禁染疫动物及其产品进入市场,保护养殖业发展和人体健康,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《湖南省实施<中华人民共和国动物防疫法>办法》、《动物检疫管理办法》(农业部令第14号)和《湖南省动物检疫管理办法》等法律、法规的规定,结合我省实际,制定本方案。各地依照本方案制定具体的动物检疫公开承诺细则,向广大生产者、经营者、消费者公开承诺。1指导思想1.1建立动物检疫公开承诺制度,是以保障畜牧业生产和人民身体健康为目的,强化动物…     

关于以省为单位实施动物疫病区域化管理及对跨省动物采取无疫区检疫措施的探讨

本文重点探讨对跨省移动动物实施调运前许可,通过指定通道输入的合法性和可行性。研究的基本依据是《动物防疫法》中有关动物疫病区域化管理和无规定动物疫病区的规定,提出的基本做法是以省为单位实施动物疫病区域化管理,对跨省移动的动物采取无疫区的管理措施,即调运前许可,通过指定通道进入各省,调入后实施隔离检疫等措施。     

浅谈当前产地检疫工作中存在的问题

产地检疫是指畜禽出售或调运离开饲养地前进行的检疫,通过产地检疫可以及时发现和处理染疫畜禽,最大限度控制畜禽疫病的传播和流行。因此,在当前动物疫情这么复杂的情况下,产地检疫工作能否到位,将对重大动物疫病防控和畜产品安全监管工作产生十分重要的作用;同时,产地检疫也是做好防疫工作的重要手段之一,"以检促防"为充分发挥逆向监督起到保障作用。笔者针对当前产地检疫工作     

跨省引进种用乳用动物检疫审批制度亟待完善

在《动物检疫管理办法》修改之际,本文就跨省引进种用乳用动物的检疫审批工作,列出了在实际操作中存在的具体问题,如审批程序不合理、技术支撑体系不健全、审批条件界定不清晰等。结合工作实践,现提出明确种用乳用动物的定义、制定种用畜禽健康标准、修订跨省调运条款、修订跨省调运产地检疫规程、重新制定跨省引进动物检疫审批表等一系列建议和对策,以期为《动物检疫管理办法》的修改提供借鉴和参考。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in Brazil

Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.