肉仔鸡肾型传染性支气管炎的诊治研究

鸡传染性支气管炎是由传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的危害养鸡业的重要传染病之一。该病的特点是病情复杂,血清型众多,又具有高度传染性,鸡群同时感染不同毒株或使用弱毒疫苗发生基因重组而不断变异,使IBV侵害鸡体的靶器官也发生了变化。IgnjatovicJ等用澳大利亚分离的25株IBV人工感染SPF鸡,比较了其致病性,发现12株肾致病型IBV,10株呼吸型IBV,3株混合致病型IBV,侵害肺、肾。为有效防制本病,我们对其病原进行了分离与鉴定。     

干扰素在治疗肉鸡肾型传染性支气管炎上的应用

在使用球虫药时,应避免使用对肾脏刺激性比较大的磺胺类药物。鸡传染性支气管炎是由病毒引起的一种急性高度接触性传染病,肾型传染性支气     

肉仔鸡肾型传染性支气管炎的诊治

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBD)嗜肾型毒株引起的一种急性高度接触性传染病。本病仅发生于鸡,各种年龄的鸡均可发病,但雏鸡最为严重,死亡率也高,一般以40日龄以内的鸡多发。其传播途径主要为呼吸道和消化道传染,病毒在鸡群中能迅速传播与感染鸡。同置一层的易感鸡通常在48h内出现症状。其传染源为病鸡和带毒鸡,病鸡和带毒鸡从呼吸道、粪便排出的病毒经空气、飞沫传染给易感鸡,也可通过饲养人员、被污染的饲料、饮水、用具等经消化道感染。本病一年四季均可发生,但以冬春季多发,尤其是鸡群拥挤、过热、过冷、通风不良…     

Pathogenesis of H13 nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

A nephropathogenic Massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) designated H13-IBV was isolated from the kidneys of commercial broilers. H13-IBV caused respiratory distress, depression, and diarrhea in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Gross renal lesions included pale coloration, swelling, and urate deposition. Histologic renal changes were interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Lesions in respiratory tissues included thickening and edema of the air sacs, congestion of the tracheal mucosa, and frothy serous exudate. Histologic tracheal lesions were deciliation, mucous gland distortion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and squamous metaplasia. Clinically, H13-IBV was highly pathogenic in birds infected at 1 day of age and mildly pathogenic in birds infected at 4 weeks of age. Kidney lesions were of marked severity only in birds infected at 1 day of age. Tracheal lesions were similar in severity in both age groups.     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒组织嗜性的研究

本研究用鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒 (肾型 IBV) C90 0 1株人工感染 14日龄 SPF鸡 ,于接种后定期采集病鸡的各组织器官制备成石蜡切片 ,用建立的检测石蜡切片中肾型 IB病毒的免疫酶组化染色技术 ,对人工感染肾型传染性支气管炎 (肾型 IB)鸡发病后病毒的组织器官亲嗜性和动态分布规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,肾型 IBV在胞浆内复制 ,主要亲嗜气管黏膜的上皮细胞和固有层腺体细胞、肺各级支气管上皮细胞以及肺房和呼吸性毛细管上皮细胞、气囊上皮细胞、肾和输尿管上皮细胞、消化道上皮和固有层腺体细胞、肝小叶间胆管上皮细胞、胰腺导管上皮细胞和腺泡上皮细胞、法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质区淋巴细胞和网状细胞、胸腺小叶髓质区淋巴细胞和网状细胞、脾小体淋巴细胞、盲肠扁桃体弥散性淋巴组织的淋巴细胞以及心肌细胞 ,病毒出现的先后顺序为气管、肺脏、肾脏、输尿管 ,消化道、法氏囊、肝脏、胰脏、胸腺和气囊 ,盲肠扁桃体 ,脾脏 ,心肌。病毒在肾脏和输尿管持续 2 0天 ,气管为 13天 ,消化道和法氏囊为 11天 ,肝脏、胰脏和肺为 10天 ,胸腺为 6天 ,气囊为 5天 ,盲肠扁桃体、脾脏、心肌呈一过性感染     

不同治疗方法对肾型传染性支气管炎的影响

肾型传染性支气管炎是受到广泛重视和研究的一种由IBV引起的禽的急性、高度接触性传染病，它以肾肿大，尿酸盐沉积为主要症状，造成雏鸡大量死亡，蛋鸡产蛋量下降。IB在我国的大部分地区都有流行，经免疫接种的鸡群也时有暴发，给养鸡业造成严重的损失，所以在发病后能及时有效的进行治疗，是发病后减少损失的一个重要手段。本试验主要对     

1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的鉴定

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)具有不同致病特性,将IBV XDC-2株接种9日龄SPF鸡胚培养,可引起鸡胚死亡和出现侏儒胚,病毒EID50达5×10-5.33/mL。将IBV XDC-2株接种18日龄SPF鸡,饲养观察14 d,病鸡临床症状表现为:精神沉郁,羽毛凌乱,双翅下垂,轻微腹泻,多数拉白色水样稀粪。病死鸡出现肾肿大、呈花斑状、大量尿酸盐沉积。鸡发病率为100%,死亡率为25%。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织制作组织切片,发现病理变化明显,主要为:肾小管扩张,上皮细胞呈玻璃样变性,部分管腔内可见坏死脱落之上皮细胞,于肾间质可见大量单核细胞浸润,肾间质有充血、出血现象;肺内动脉、毛细血管充血,淋巴细胞浸润。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织接种鸡胚分离病毒,RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,表明该分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,具有很强的嗜肾性。     

肾型传染性支气管炎病毒对鸡嘌呤代谢的影响研究

用T株肾型传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)人工感染14日龄非免疫土种鸡建立感染模型,于攻毒前、攻毒后48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h 采集血样,测定血浆黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)活性,探索鸡嘌呤代谢变化与肾型IBV致病机理之间的关系.结果表明,与攻毒前相比较, 攻毒后48 h和72 h血浆XOD活性明显增强, 差异显著(P<0.01,P<0.05).结果提示,XOD活性升高引起的嘌呤代谢紊乱可能是鸡肾型IB的病理机制之一.     

控制传染性支气管炎

众所周知,传染性支气管炎（Infectious Bronchitis,IB）病毒很容易发生变异。最新的检测方法（RT-PCR和基因序列测定法）能够检出IB病毒基因组中极小的变化。问题是在实际生产中控制传染性支气管炎是否需要一种新型疫苗以应对每一种新出现的IB变异株？或者现有的疫苗是否足以产生充足的交叉保护力可抗击这些新出现的血清型或变异株（保护型）呢？     

An outbreak of nephropathogenic H13 infectious bronchitis in commercial broilers

A nephropathogenic Massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus, designated H13-IB virus, was isolated from the kidneys of broilers in a commercial flock. Respiratory distress, diarrhea, depression, and high mortality were present. Gross renal lesions consisted of pale coloration, mottling, urate deposition, and swelling. The trachea contained a serous to catarrhal exudate. Microscopically, renal changes were primarily associated with the medullary region. Lesions included an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, urate deposition, edema, and degenerative and necrotic tubular changes. Tracheal changes included marked thickening of the mucosa, desquamation of ciliated and glandular epithelia and replacement with a stratified undifferentiated epithelium, and inflammatory cell infiltration.     

Characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated in 2007 from Delmarva commercial broiler chickens

A study was performed in 2007 to isolate and characterize infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) in commercial broilers grown in the Delmarva (DMV) Peninsula region of the United States. Bursae of Fabricius were collected weekly from 1 to 4 wk of age from broilers on 10 farms with a history of poor performance. Microscopic pathology was used to determine the infectious bursal disease (IBD) status of the broilers. Bursae from 1- and 2-wk-old broilers did not show IBD microscopic lesions. Moreover, broilers on 1 of the 10 farms were IBD lesion free at 3 and 4 wk of age. However, 3 of 9 and 9 of 9 farms yielded broilers with IBD-affected bursae from 3- and 4-wk-old commercial broilers, respectively. Ten IBDV isolates were recovered from 3 of 3 lesion-positive bursal pools at 3 wk of age and 7 of 9 lesion-positive bursal pools at 4 wk of age. Analysis of the viral protein (VP) 2 genes identified all isolates as serotype 1 Delaware (Del) variant viruses. Five field isolates, each representing different molecular clades of the Delaware variant viruses, were selected for further study. Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens with isolates DMV/4813/07, DMV/4947/07, DMV/4955/07, DMV/5038/07, and DMV/5041/07 produced gross and microscopic pathology of the bursa consistent with Delaware variant infection. Monoclonal antibody testing showed DMV/4813/07, DMV/4947/07, DMV/ 4955/07, and DMV/5041/07 to be similar to previous recognized variant viruses. However, DMV/5038/07 was found to be unreactive with the monoclonal antibodies that typically recognize reference strains STC, Del E, GLS, RS593, and AL2. In a challenge of immunity study, 10-day-old progeny from breeders immunized with a commercially available inactivated IBDV vaccine containing the Del E and classic strains were protected to a lesser degree against isolate DMV/5038/07 compared to Del E challenge based on microscopic lesion scores (P < 0.01) of the bursa. This result suggests the virus is antigenically different from the Del E strain contained in the vaccine. Collectively, the monoclonal antibody and progeny challenge of immunity findings suggest DMV/5038/07 is antigenically different from the Del E strain contained in the vaccine.     

嗜肾型传染性支气管炎病毒X株的分离和致弱培育

利用鸡胚分离法从发生肾变病型传染性支气管炎的病鸡分离嗜肾型传染性支气管炎病毒X株,该病毒株能引起鸡胚发育受阻,鸡胚和雏鸡肾脏肿大、输尿管尿酸盐沉积,能被传染性支气管炎病毒M型血清部分中和,初步研究表明是一个新的毒株。通过SPF鸡胚连续传代,获得了嗜肾型传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗毒株X 93。结果显示,X株经过鸡胚传代,对鸡胚的致死率由原代的0上升到90代的82%;在每0.1 mL鸡胚中的病毒含量由原代的10^5.0E ID50上升到90代的10^7.8E ID50;对3日龄SPF雏鸡的致病率和致死率分别由40代时的70.0%和40.0%下降到90代时的0值;与X 93接种鸡一同饲养的实验鸡全部健康存活;X 93回归雏鸡连传5代,未见毒力返强现象。     

Variant serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial layer and broiler chickens.

Twenty infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) field isolates obtained from commercial layer and broiler chickens in 1987 and 1988 were serotyped using the virus-neutralization (VN) test. Six different previously unrecognized variant serotypes were identified from a total of seven isolates from layer chickens. Only two isolates, both from Maine, were the same variant serotype. Variant serotypes also were recovered from layer flocks in Illinois and Washington and the province of Ontario, Canada. Two different variants were isolated from the same multi-age layer complex in Connecticut. Only one of 13 broiler chicken isolates was found to be a new variant serotype, that being from birds reared in Delaware. Cross-protection studies in specific-pathogen-free chickens indicated that vaccines containing the Holland, L-1, or Connaught strains of Massachusetts (Mass) combined with Arkansas produced a broader spectrum of immunity against challenge with the layer variants than Mass (Holland) alone or Mass (L-1) + Connecticut. All vaccines tested produced solid immunity (greater than or equal to 80% protection) against the broiler variant virus.     

Serologic and cross-protection studies with several infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Delmarva-reared broiler chickens

Five isolates, from broiler-type chickens, capable of causing acute respiratory disease were identified as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The agar-gel precipitin (AGP) test was effective in identifying the isolates as IBV. Virus-neutralization (VN) and cross-challenge tests indicated two of the isolates to be Massachusetts types and one to be a JMK type. The remaining isolates were different from strains normally encountered in chickens reared on the Delmarva Peninsula. One isolate, although serologically similar to the Connecticut strain, was able to infect Connecticut-virus-immune chickens. Another isolate was similar to Arkansas 99, a strain not previously reported in Delmarva.