共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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2014~2016年,由于栽培管理及重茬等原因,大白菜枯萎病在我国大面积发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。为了明确引起大白菜枯萎病的病原菌,本课题组从山东、内蒙古、河北、甘肃等大白菜主产区采集了具有典型枯萎病症状的病样,并对样品中的病原菌进行了分离和鉴定。形态学鉴定结果表明:分离物分别具有尖孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、茄病镰刀菌 (F. solani) 和木贼镰刀菌 (F. equiseti)的形态学特征。柯赫氏法则验证结果表明:3种病原菌均能使大白菜发病,且发病症状与田间症状一致。此外,基于病原菌的rDNA-ITS和mt SSU序列的测序比对,3种病原菌与尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌的同源性分别达99%~100%,这与形态学鉴定结果相一致。尖孢镰刀菌引起白菜枯萎病为国内首次报道,而茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌引起白菜枯萎病为国内外首次报道。 相似文献
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采用洗涤检验法和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基法,从甜瓜种子上分离得到23个镰刀菌分离物。采用形态观察和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,并研究其致病性以及对甜瓜种子发芽的影响。通过观察菌落形态和色素颜色,以及大型分生孢子、小型分生孢子和厚垣孢子形态,同时分析ITS-rDNA序列和翻译延伸因子-1α(TEF-1α)基因序列,以确定真菌分离物的分类属性。结果表明,4个分离物为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),5个分离物为层生镰刀菌(F. proliferatum),5个分离物为木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti),9个分离物为轮枝样镰刀菌(F. verticillioides)。这4种镰刀菌均对甜瓜幼苗有致病性,其分生孢子悬浮液对甜瓜种子发芽有抑制作用。这是我国首例开展甜瓜种子携带致病性镰刀菌的研究报道。 相似文献
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采用洗涤检验法和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基法,从甜瓜种子上分离得到23个镰刀菌分离物。采用形态观察和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,并研究其致病性以及对甜瓜种子发芽的影响。通过观察菌落形态和色素颜色,以及大型分生孢子、小型分生孢子和厚垣孢子形态,同时分析ITS-rDNA序列和翻译延伸因子-1α(TEF-1α)基因序列,以确定真菌分离物的分类属性。结果表明,4个分离物为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),5个分离物为层生镰刀菌(F. proliferatum),5个分离物为木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti),9个分离物为轮枝样镰刀菌(F. verticillioides)。这4种镰刀菌均对甜瓜幼苗有致病性,其分生孢子悬浮液对甜瓜种子发芽有抑制作用。这是我国首例开展甜瓜种子携带致病性镰刀菌的研究报道。 相似文献
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Polygonati rhizoma is used as traditional Chinese medicine and nutritional food. Polygonatum kingianum is one of the three source species of polygonati rhizoma. Rhizome rot disease is a serious constraint to the production of P. kingianum in Yunnan Province. Two kinds of purified fungal isolates, named PkF01 and PkF02, were obtained from the rhizome rot samples. Based on morphology, analysis of tef1α and rpb2 gene sequences, two fungal strains PkF01 and PkF02 were designated as Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, respectively. According to pathogenetic tests fufilling Koch's postulates, F. oxysporum and F. solani were identified as causal agents of rhizome rot of P. kingianum. The former showed a stronger pathogenicity on the rhizomes of P. kingianum than that of the latter one. This result is helpful to control rhizome rot on P. kingianum. 相似文献
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河北省甘薯镰孢菌腐烂与溃疡病的病原鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确河北省甘薯镰孢菌腐烂与溃疡病的症状特点和病原种类,在不同种植区采集储藏期和育秧期病样,描述其症状特征;对病原菌进行分离纯化,采用柯赫氏法则回接验证,依据病原菌的形态特征和基因序列确定病原菌种类。结果表明,在储藏期甘薯发病可导致薯块表面腐烂的占总病薯的59.09%,端部腐烂的占40.91%;薯块带有褐色轮纹病斑的占61.36%,病斑没有轮纹或者轮纹不明显的占38.64%;发病初期薯块内部病斑浅、黑褐色的占27.27%,发病后期薯块内部形成空腔、布满白色菌丝的占72.73%;病斑带有苦味的占59.09%,病斑没有苦味或苦味不明显的占40.91%;在育秧田发病导致薯秧溃疡,表现为主茎基部呈点片发生黑色或者褐色病斑,部分有开裂。分离的病原菌能够同时侵染薯块和薯秧;病原菌单瓶梗产孢,大型分生孢子稍弯,两端钝圆,多数3~7个分隔,顶细胞钝圆,基细胞足跟较明显。其rDNA-ITS、EF-1α、β-tubulin基因序列与茄镰孢菌Fusarium solani的同源性分别为97%、99%和98%。初步确定甘薯镰孢菌腐烂与溃疡病的病原菌为茄镰孢菌F.solani。 相似文献
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宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定与致病性测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病的病原菌种类,2015—2018年从宁夏回族自治区固原市、吴忠市、中卫市和石嘴山市4个市12个区县采集马铃薯病样,采用组织分离法对病样进行分离纯化,利用形态学鉴定方法和基于rDNA-ITS与EF-1α序列分析的分子鉴定方法对分离物进行鉴定,并按照柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行测定。结果显示,经组织分离法共获得真菌菌株347株,其中230株镰刀菌属真菌菌株引起马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病,这些镰刀菌分属于5个种,分别为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum、茄病镰刀菌F. solani、锐顶镰刀菌F. acuminatum、木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti、接骨木镰刀菌F. sambucinum,这5种镰刀菌分别为67、29、50、39和45株,分离频率分别为29.13%、12.61%、21.73%、16.95%和19.56%;这5种镰刀菌的致病性有差异,其中接骨木镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌的发病率分别为91.81%和99.99%,病情指数分别为69.56和82.23,均高于其它3种镰刀菌,是引起宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病的优势病原菌。 相似文献
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北京地区西洋参根腐病病原鉴定及其致病性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根腐病是北京地区栽培西洋参的主要病害之一,为了明确引起该类病害的病原菌,对北京怀柔区罹病西洋参参根进行了病原菌的分离及鉴定。结合形态学以及rDNA ITS区、转录延伸因子TEF 1α区的分子序列特征,对分离菌株的鉴定结果显示,分离频率较高的11个菌株分属于茄镰孢(Fusarium solani)、尖镰孢(F.oxysporum)、三线镰孢(F. tricinctum)、多育镰孢(F. proliferatum)、毁灭柱孢(Cylindrocarpon destructans)。通过柯赫氏法则验证,F. solani和F. oxysporum是引起北京地区栽培西洋参根腐病的主要病原菌;致病性测定结果发现F. solani不同菌株的致病性及致病力表现出明显差异。 相似文献
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Simon Gibert Véronique Edel-Hermann Elodie Gautheron Nadine Gautheron Eric Bernaud Jean-Marie Sol Géry Capelle Rachel Galland Arnaud Bardon-Debats Claudine Lambert Christian Steinberg 《Plant pathology》2022,71(7):1550-1569
The pea root rot complex is a major concern for green pea production worldwide. This study aimed at characterizing its composition and dynamics throughout a cropping season in northern France. To this end, fungi and oomycetes were isolated from green pea plant roots with symptoms sampled at the flowering stage in 22 fields in 2017, and at the pea emergence, elongation and flowering stages in two fields in 2018. Out of 646 isolates collected, 317 were identified using molecular markers. Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and F. redolens were highly predominant. Pathogenicity tests separated the isolates into four aggressiveness groups. F. solani isolates were the most aggressive. Phylogenetic analysis of their TEF1 sequences showed that they mainly belonged to the F. pisi lineage, and that F. oxysporum isolates were genetically close to isolates from the UK that did not belong to the forma specialis pisi. In addition, several Clonostachys rhizophaga isolates are reported for the first time to cause pea root rot. The oomycetes were rarely found and were represented by a few Pythium spp. isolates. Lastly, this study shows that the fungal and oomycete communities associated with pea root rot change during the cropping season. The level of dissimilarity of the root-rot-associated communities decreased throughout the cropping season towards a more similar composition at the flowering stage, dominated by F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. redolens. The proportion of nonpathogenic to weakly pathogenic isolates decreased progressively during the growing season in favour of moderately to highly pathogenic isolates. 相似文献
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草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9~2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8~11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。 相似文献