Quantifying economic losses associated with levels of wheat streak mosaic incidence and severity in the Texas High Plains

Wheat streak mosaic (WSM), caused by the Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), which is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella), is the most prevalent virus disease of wheat in the Texas High Plains. Infected plants initially exhibit mosaic symptoms, which lead to severe stunting, complete chlorosis and, in the most severe cases, eventually plant death. Wheat plants infected with WSMV have lower forage and grain yields and exhibit reduced water-use efficiency compared to non-infected plants. The disease impact on water-use efficiency raises an important issue of whether diseased fields should be irrigated as frequently as non-diseased fields. The issue becomes more relevant when energy costs and the dwindling water resources from the Ogallala Aquifer are taken into consideration. This study examined the potential economic losses due to WSM, using data collected from two fields in 2007 and 2009. A hand-held hyperspectral radiometer was used to quantify severity of WSM in multiple 1 m² plots along two transects, each stretching from the edges of the fields to their centers. Grain yield declined exponentially (R² = 0.79, P < 0.0001) with increasing disease severity, as measured by reflectance at 555 nm. For economic analysis, grain yield from each plot was used for determining cost adjustments and linked revenues in relation to WSM severity levels, which allowed calculations of potential profit reduction. The method enables one to compare losses associated with different levels of WSM severity to a baseline with little or no WSMV infection. Results show that losses from the disease are primarily an outcome of reduced revenue due to a decrease in grain yield, and, as expected, losses incurred per unit land area rapidly increase with increasing disease incidence and severity. Furthermore, producers incur additional marginal losses when irrigating fields with WSM because there is little or no return for irrigation inputs, as water-use efficiency of severely diseased wheat is drastically reduced. Results from this study are useful in estimating losses at differing levels of disease incidence and severity and represent the first step in development of an economic threshold for wheat streak mosaic.     

Amylolysis of wheat starches. II. Degradation patterns of native starch granules with varying functional properties

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate degradation patterns of native starch granules from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by different starch-degrading enzymes. The starches examined were from a waxy wheat and four varieties with slightly elevated amylose content, but with different functional properties. Differences in the digestion patterns after partial α-amylolysis of starch granules were noted between the starches. The waxy starch seemed to be degraded by endocorrosion, whereas the amylose-rich starches followed a slower mode of hydrolysis starting from the granular surface. X-ray diffractograms of the amylose-rich starches were not significantly altered by 2 h of α-amylolysis, whereas partial hydrolysis of the waxy starch decreased scattering intensity at higher 2θ angles, consistent with a different mode of attack by α-amylase in the initial digestion stages of granules of waxy and amylose-rich starches. We propose these differences are due to the combined effects of the change in packing density and partial preference for hydrolysis of amorphous material. The native starch granules were also attacked by beta-amylase, isoamylase and amyloglucosidase, which indicates that α-amylase is not the only starch-degrading enzyme that is able to initiate starch hydrolysis of native granules.     

不同小麦品种氮素利用效率特征差异的研究

为了给氮高效优质小麦品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验,研究了郑麦0943、郑麦0856和郑麦7698三个中强筋小麦品种的氮素利用效率特征以及茎叶中氮组分、氮代谢酶活性的差异。结果显示,施氮可显著促进小麦氮素的吸收和累积,不同小麦品种氮素利用效率特征存在明显差异。3个小麦品种中,郑麦0943氮素吸收量最大,氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率均较高,氮素收获指数也显著高于其他两个品种,且籽粒中氮素来源以后期根系氮素的吸收和转移为主,前期地上部营养体的氮素转移能力也明显强于其他两个品种;不施氮条件下,郑麦0943开花期茎叶中具有较高的营养性氮含量和较低的结构性氮和功能性氮含量,且施氮后功能性氮含量增幅最大,硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性也最高;不施氮条件下,郑麦7698氮素干物质生产效率和氮素收获指数均最低,郑麦0856氮素干物质生产效率最高,但氮素收获指数低于郑麦0943。综合而言,郑麦0943的氮肥生产效率最高,而郑麦0856的氮素农学利用效率最高,二者的氮素吸收效率和氮素表观回收率均高于郑麦7698。     

北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种的演变规律

为了给北部冬麦区旱地小麦育种提供参考,利用1986-2015年国家北部冬麦区旱地小麦长治区试点参试品种的试验资料,研究其演变规律,并对产量和主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析。结果表明,28年间北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种产量呈逐年递增趋势,年平均遗传进展分别为68.163kg·hm~(-2)或1.57%。主要农艺性状演变的总趋势是,有效穗数和千粒重增加,穗粒数略有减少,株高降低,抽穗期和成熟期提前,灌浆期延长,其年平均遗传进展分别为0.18%、0.26%、-0.03%、-0.26%、-0.12%、-0.05%、0.17%。从产量及主要农艺性状变化趋势和变异情况及区域布局、气候条件和育种现状分析,选育抗旱节水性好、高产稳产适应性广的品种是北部冬麦区旱地小麦育种面临的挑战和最终目标。为了适应当前耕作制度、生产条件和气候变化的影响,北部冬麦区旱地品种选育应在加强品种抗旱节水性选择的基础上,通过适当降低株高增强抗倒性来进一步增加穗数,通过选育穗子较大、小穗数适中、结实性好的品种来提高穗粒数,通过选择灌浆期长且灌浆速率高的品种来提高品种的千粒重。     

Detection of mutations in the 7A allele of wheat (Triticum aestivum) granule-bound starch synthase (Wx-7A) with a monoclonal antibody produced by targeted peptide immunisation

A peptide sequence unique for the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS1) of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was identified by sequence alignment of the three isoforms. Multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) of different length (16 and 20 AA) were synthesised against the selected sequence. The assessment of the immune response in mice against differently presented forms (resin-bound, free) and two types of adjuvants indicated that the free MAP with the longer peptide is more immunogenic. A 20AA MAP that elicited a strong immune response was used to produce a monoclonal antibody for the 7A isoform of GBSS 1. Epitope mapping of the selected Mab (F5-1F2) revealed that a 12mer partial sequence of the immunising peptide was specifically detected. Based on this Mab, a simple high throughput ELISA was developed that allows the quick identification of wheat lines carrying the 7A allele of GBSS 1 with minute amounts of sample.     

The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain filling in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is not well known. The main objective of this work was to evaluate this contribution through three different experimental approaches: (1) ear photosynthesis was reduced by removing awns or shading the ears (in combination with a defoliation treatment), (2) grain weight per ear was compared in an ‘all shaded’ crop versus plants where only the vegetative parts were shaded (‘ear emerging’), and (3) ear photosynthesis was reduced with DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), a specific inhibitor of photosystem II.     

Genetic analysis of field resistance to tan spot in spring wheat

Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., is an important constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in many countries. Since the inheritance of field resistance to tan spot is poorly understood, this study was conducted to determine the genetic control of resistance in the field. Resistance was measured as disease severity caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1 in four crosses involving five wheat parents: parent 1 (P₁) = catbird; parent 2 (P₂) = Milan/Shanghai-7; parent 3 (P₃) = Alondra/Coc//Ures; parent 4 (P₄) = Bcb//Dundee/Gul/3/Gul); parent 5 (P₅) = ND/VG9144//Kal/BB/3/Yaco/4/Chil. P₁, P₂ and P₃ were resistant and P₄ was moderately resistant, whereas P₅ was susceptible to tan spot. The F₂-derived F₃ families and the parents were field evaluated at El Batán, Mexico, in 1996. When all the plants within a F₃ family expressed low levels of disease severity similar to that of the resistant parent it was classified resistant (R), otherwise the progeny was classified as susceptible (S). The progeny of the three crosses of the susceptible parent with the resistant and moderately resistant parents P₂, P₃, and P₄ segregated as 3R:13S whereas the progeny in the cross with P₁ showed a segregation ratio of 1R:15S. This suggests that each resistant parent possessed two genes conditioning resistance to tan spot severity caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1. Information on the inheritance of resistance measured as disease severity on adult plants under field conditions is of practical importance for wheat breeding programs seeking improvement in tan spot resistance.     

基因枪介导的转 TaGAPDH8基因小麦的获得与鉴定

甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)是参与糖酵解和糖异生途径的关键酶之一,在维持细胞能量供应和植物抗逆性方面具有重要作用。本研究以耐旱型小麦品种长武134及干旱敏感型小麦品种郑引1号为材料,利用基因枪法将 TaGAPDH8基因分别转化这两种小麦的幼胚愈伤组织,经潮霉素筛选和PCR鉴定,最终得到4个下调表达的长武134株系(CW134-3、CW134-6、CW134-12、CW134-13)和8个上调表达的郑引1号株系(ZY1-1、ZY1-3、ZY1-4、ZY1-9、ZY1-10、ZY1-14、ZY1-15、ZY1-17)。对生长于大田的T_2代转基因植株在乳熟期的生长状况进行了测定,获得了与对照相比有明显表型差异的植株。用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术测定了T_3代小麦株系中 TaGAPDH8的表达量,结果表明,4个长武134株系中 TaGAPDH8基因的表达量分别为对照的0.53、0.75、0.21和0.78倍,而8个郑引1号株系中目的基因的表达量分别为对照的3.02、1.22、2.15、1.36、4.02、1.87、1.48和1.97倍。本研究获得了与对照存在明显表型差异的T_2代及稳定遗传目的基因的T_3代小麦株系,为后续的试验提供了研究材料和基础。     

Water use and yield of wheat/maize intercropping under alternate irrigation in the oasis field of northwest China

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alternate irrigation (AI) on the yield, water use and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping system in an oasis region of northwest China in 2006-2008. Three planting patterns, i.e., sole wheat, sole maize and wheat/maize intercropping. Three irrigation levels were applied for each treatment during 3 years. Results showed that land use efficiency of wheat and maize was significantly enhanced by intercropping system; land equivalent ratio (LER) of wheat/maize intercropping system in different treatments was all greater than 1.0. Moreover, significant difference in grain yield was observed between intercropping treatment and sole cropping treatment, in which the yield of intercropped wheat was 55.37-74.88% of sole wheat, and intercropped maize was 66.63-78.87% of sole maize. Wheat/maize intercropping treatments increased water use by 1.8-16.4% than half of the total water use of sole-cropping wheat and maize. Compared to sole cropping wheat treatments, wheat/maize intercropping with alternate irrigation significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) by 30.5-57.7%, 55.5-71.4% and 12.0-19.8%, and increased by 32.7-37.8%, 9.5-15.8% and 4.0-20.8% than sole cropping maize treatments in 2006-2008, respectively. Our results suggest that AI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method on wheat/maize intercropping in arid oasis field where intercropping planting is decreased because of limited water resource.     

湖北省小麦营养品质状况分析

为了解湖北省小麦营养品质状况,对2009年和2010年湖北省主要小麦生产县24份小麦样品的相关指标进行检测和分析。结果表明,(1)8种必需氨基酸赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸和亮氨酸的平均含量分别为3.55、3.70、5.55、4.06、6.03、2.17、1.43和8.79mg·g-1;赖氨酸的平均评分值为49,为第一限制性氨基酸,苏氨酸平均评分值为70,为第二限制性氨基酸;10种非必需氨基酸天门冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和半胱氨酸含量的平均值分别为6.37、6.09、37.93、12.64、5.14、4.44、3.70、3.56、5.85和3.50mg·g-1;小麦蛋白质含量的平均值为13.18%。(2)全氮、全磷和全钾含量的平均值分别为22.6、3.3和3.9g·kg-1,全磷含量比较充足,全钾含量相对不足。(3)微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌、硒含量的平均值分别为68.6、43.5、5.6、34.8和0.057mg·kg-1,铁、锰和锌含量较高,铜含量比较适宜,硒含量较低。(4)重金属元素镉、汞、铅、砷、铬和镍含量的平均值分别为0.053、0.003、0.061、0.020、0.198和0.191mg·kg-1,铅、砷、铬和汞的含量相对较低,处于清洁水平,部分样品中镉和镍的含量超过了限量标准。     

长江中下游麦区小麦地方品种幼苗耐镉性的差异

为了明确不同小麦地方品种耐镉（Cd）性的差异,采用水培方法,测定了长江中下游麦区32个小麦地方品种的苗期生长指标、叶绿素含量、荧光参数和光合参数,并对参试品种的Cd耐性进行了比较和聚类分析。结果表明,32个小麦地方品种镉耐性指数变异系数为10.4%～49.4%,耐Cd性差异较大。根据耐性指数可将参试品种分成耐镉型（7个）、较耐镉型（4个）、中间型（6个）、镉较敏感型（8个）、镉敏感型（7个）5组。     

小麦 TaSABP2基因的克隆及表达分析

为挖掘小麦抗逆基因,进一步解析小麦抗逆机制,采用电子克隆结合RT-PCR的方法,从小麦叶片中分离出 TaSABP2基因;利用生物信息学手段分析其序列特征;运用实时荧光定量反转录PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测其在不同条件下的表达情况。结果表明,小麦 TaSABP2基因的cDNA全长为878 bp,包含一个长度为807 bp的开放阅读框,编码268个氨基酸。 TaSABP2基因的编码蛋白包含Abhydrolase及PLN02211两个结构域及一个酶活性中心(VVLVGHSLGG),属于Abhydrolase超家族的成员。其蛋白二级结构由四种形式构成,包括40.3%的α-螺旋、16.42%的延伸链、4.48%的β转角、38.81%的无规则卷曲。通过与其他植物的氨基酸序列进行多重序列比对,发现功能区域的氨基酸序列较为保守。qRT-PCR结果表明, TaSABP2基因的表达具有较强的组织特异性,植物激素ABA和BR处理及干旱和盐胁迫处理,均能诱导该基因的表达量迅速增加。以上结果表明, TaSABP2基因在小麦抵抗逆境胁迫过程中起到一定作用。     

中国小麦的起源、传播及进化

小麦是由西亚引入我国的主要粮食作物之一,是古丝绸之路物质和文化交流的产物。研究认为,大约3800年前的新石器时代晚期至青铜器时代早期,小麦被引入河西走廊地区,作为春麦种植,逐步引种到祁连山以南地区,到达海东和洮河流域,之后进入关中平原;然后,进化为冬小麦,以适应当地的种植制度。西汉时期,由于朝廷的重视和推广,小麦开始在黄河及淮河流域种植。由于小麦可秋播夏熟,产量稳定,具有救荒救灾的作用,使小麦在中国的种植区域持续扩大。近百年来由于作物遗传育种和栽培技术水平的提高,目前小麦产量已达到每公顷10 500 kg以上。小麦在中国的传播和进化,对中国的农业生产结构以及人们的饮食结构和饮食文化产生了深远的影响。     

小麦LEAsm基因及其启动子的克隆与功能研究

胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)是一个小的高亲水性的蛋白家族,该蛋白家族在逆境胁迫下大量积累,保护植物免受逆境胁迫。LEA蛋白可分为7组,其中重复的11-氨基酸基序是第3组LEA蛋白的特征。为深入分析第3组LEA蛋白在小麦响应逆境胁迫中的作用机制,利用芯片技术从小麦表达谱中筛选出一个渗透胁迫诱导表达的第3组LEA蛋白基因TaLEAsm,然后根据该基因序列设计引物筛选石麦15的BAC文库,获得1个含有该基因的BAC单克隆,以该BAC单克隆质粒为模板,通过BAC延伸测序克隆了TaLEAsm基因及其启动子序列,并对TaLEAsm序列特征、表达模式和启动子功能进行了初步分析。结果表明,TaLEAsm基因序列仅含有1个105bp的内含子,其开放读码框长675bp,编码224个氨基酸。TaLEAsm含有10个11-氨基酸重复序列,属于第3组LEA蛋白。低温、高盐和渗透胁迫均诱导TaLEAsm基因上调表达,但在根和叶中表达模式不同。在TaLEAsm基因起始密码子上游1 500bp序列中,预测含有14个逆境响应顺式元件。在拟南芥中,TaLEAsm基因启动子能够启动GUS基因表达,渗透胁迫诱导GUS基因明显上调表达。以上结果表明,TaLEAsm为小麦脱水响应基因,其启动子为渗透胁迫诱导启动子。     

小麦重组自交系群体大粒品系籽粒灌浆特性研究

为了明确大粒小麦的灌浆特性,以豫农9901/周麦16重组自交系群体中籽粒大小基本一致而饱满度和粒重具有较大差异的11个半冬性品系为试验材料,以周麦18为对照,分析了籽粒灌浆特性及阶段性灌浆参数与粒重的关系.结果表明,籽粒灌浆呈“慢-快-慢”的变化规律,可以用logistic曲线方程拟合其增长趋势;粒重较高的品系W02、W03与对照周麦18具有相似的灌浆特性,其他品系的籽粒灌浆特性与对照周麦18有明显差异,表现在前期灌浆速率高于周麦18且增速较快,后期则明显低于周麦18且下降的幅度较大;在三个灌浆阶段参数中,缓增期灌浆速率、渐增期和快增期持续时间明显低于周麦18,而缓增期持续时间明显长于周麦18.通径分析表明,阶段灌装参数中对粒重直接作用最大的是快增期持续时间,其次是缓增期持续时间,但是缓增期持续时间对粒重的直接正向效应被其较大的负向间接效应所掩盖;快增期和缓增期灌浆速率对粒重的间接效应明显大于直接效应.     

普通小麦品种陕农33矮秆突变体的矮化效应分析

为了解普通小麦品种陕农33矮秆突变体的矮化原因,通过农艺性状调查、茎秆细胞学观察、苗期赤霉素（GA）反应试验、内源激素含量测定和矮秆基因检测,分析了陕农33的13个矮秆突变体植株生长发育、茎秆解剖特征及对GA的敏感性。结果表明,与野生型陕农33相比,矮秆突变体的株高都显著下降,株高的下降与节间数无关,主要是由于节间长度的缩短,其中穗下节和第四节间的降秆效应较大。经进一步细胞学观察,突变体变矮是由茎秆细胞长度减少和细胞变小共同引起的,其中细胞长度减少是主因。从苗期植株对GA₃的反应看,13个矮秆突变体属于赤霉素不敏感型或弱敏感型,说明赤霉素转导途径存在问题,即矮秆突变位点可能在赤霉素转导途径上。从内源激素测定结果看,13个矮秆材料中只有1个材料的茎秆GA₃含量较陕农33略降,其余均增加,而CTK含量均减少,10个材料的IAA含量增加,说明这些材料的株高下降与赤霉素等内源激素代谢变化密切相关。通过矮秆基因检测,13个矮秆突变体和陕农33均含有目前应用范围较广的 Rht-D1b基因,只有两个矮化材料含有 Rht-B1b,因而推测矮秆突变体可能还含有其他致矮相关的基因。     

小麦抗逆相关基因 TaGB1的克隆及其表达特性分析

为了解小麦的 TaGB1基因特性、表达情况及其与双子叶植物同源基因的进化关系,以小麦品种济麦22为研究对象,采用同源克隆的方法获得小麦G蛋白β亚基编码区序列, TaGB1编码区全长1 143 bp,编码380个氨基酸,预测分子量为41 kD,基因组序列中包含6个外显子和5个内含子,分别位于小麦基因组的4A、4B、4D染色体上,不同拷贝的氨基酸同源性高达99.91%。 TaGB1基因结构中包含7个WD40保守域,表达产物位于胞质和质膜上。经系统发育进化关系分析,单子叶植物与双子叶植物的G蛋白β亚基分化形成两大分支; TaGB1在进化关系上与单子叶植物较近,而与拟南芥等双子叶植物较远。 TaGB1在ABA、盐、热和干旱胁迫条件下上调表达,植物的根、茎、叶等部位均有表达,叶片中表达量较高,说明该基因可能参与调控植物的抗逆反应。     

几种生物刺激素对小麦产量形成及品质的调控

为比较农用腐殖酸、生化腐殖酸、海藻酸钠寡糖、氨基酸、复合生物刺激素在小麦上的应用效果,采用盆栽试验,分析了这5种生物刺激素喷施对小麦产量形成及品质的影响。结果表明,喷施5种生物刺激素均可一定程度促进小麦旗叶的生长和提高SPAD值,以海藻酸钠寡糖处理效果最优,其净光合速率和水分利用效率较对照均显著增加,气孔限制值则显著下降。除氨基酸处理外,其他生物刺激素处理均可不同程度增加小麦产量,也以海藻酸钠寡糖处理效果最佳,其穗顶部、中部和基部的籽粒重、穗粒数及千粒重均显著增加。5种生物刺激素处理均能不同程度提高小麦总淀粉含量,以生化腐殖酸处理效果最优;此外,生化腐殖酸、农用腐殖酸和海藻酸钠寡糖处理还可提高支链淀粉含量,降低直/支比。除农用腐殖酸外,其余生物刺激素处理的蛋白质、湿面筋和干面筋含量均显著下降。综合而言,5种生物刺激素中,以海藻酸钠寡糖对小麦产量形成的促进效果较好,但对品质具有不利影响。     

小麦灌浆相关基因TaGIF1的克隆及表达分析

GIF1( grain incomplete filling 1)编码了一种质外体途径中催化蔗糖不可逆水解的细胞壁蔗糖转化酶,主要在组织生长旺盛并且需要供能的库中表达,是影响灌浆的关键基因。根据水稻 OsGIF1基因序列,同源克隆了普通小麦第2部分同源群染色体上的 TaGIF1基因,它包含7个外显子和6个内含子,与水稻OsGIF1基因结构相似。小麦 TaGIF1-2A基因含有237 bp的5′UTR、1 986 bp的ORF、262 bp的3′UTR,编码661个氨基酸。通过分析15份大小粒小麦品种的gDNA序列,在 TaGIF1-2A基因中共发现21个SNP位点,9个位于编码区,12个位于非编码区。SNP分组发现,15份大小粒小麦品种中 TaGIF1-2A基因共存在8种单倍型。氨基酸序列比对显示,共存在2个氨基酸变异位点,其余SNP位点未引起氨基酸的改变。大小粒品种中无特异SNP变异,表明该基因编码区序列高度保守。就 TaGIF1-2A启动子区而言,大粒材料元件数量和种类均多于小粒材料,而且这些元件均与籽粒发育相关,说明 TaGIF1-2A基因启动子的活跃程度与最终籽粒灌浆饱满度的形成可能存在密切联系。qRT-PCR分析表明, TaGIF1-2A在籽粒和颖壳中都有表达,在不同小麦材料中表达模式相同,说明与籽粒大小无关;而在2～6 DAA的籽粒中,表达量剧烈上调,而后急剧下调,由此推测 TaGIF1-2A可能影响籽粒灌浆,在灌浆前期与籽粒发育密切相关。亚细胞定位结果表明,TaGIF1-2A主要作用在细胞壁上。     

利用Fhb1基因分子标记辅助回交育种法改良黄淮冬小麦赤霉病抗性

黄淮冬麦区小麦赤霉病的发生流行程度年际间变化较大,给赤霉病抗性品种的田间选择造成很大困难,因此分子标记辅助选择育种技术的应用显得尤为重要。为明确 Fhb1基因在轮选136背景下对赤霉病抗性的影响,本研究以6个长江中下游麦区抗赤霉病品种(系)为供体,与黄淮冬麦区骨干亲本周麦16的矮败小麦近等基因系进行杂交,并分别与周麦16及其衍生品系轮选136进行2次回交,创建6个BC_2回交育种群体。利用功能标记跟踪后代 Fhb1基因,结合单花滴注接种和自然发病鉴定,检测分子标记选择的效果。根据三个环境表型鉴定结果,发现161个携带 Fhb1抗性等位基因( Fhb1-R)的BC_2F_3株系平均病小穗数和严重度均低于中感赤霉病对照淮麦20和轮回亲本轮选136。其中,60个BC_2F_3株系(37.3%)的病小穗数和严重度在三个环境下表现一致,显著低于淮麦20。在入选的122个BC_2F_4品系中,93个品系(76.2%)的赤霉病抗性优于淮麦20,36个品系(29.5%)优于或相当于中抗对照扬麦158。基因型分析结果表明,赤霉病抗性优于淮麦20的93个BC_2F_4品系除了携带 Fhb1-R外,还携带轮选136的抗性位点 Qfhb.7D。本研究为黄淮冬麦区小麦抗赤霉病分子标记辅助选择育种提供了重要信息和育种材料。