关于高校教师综合素质的探讨

在对高校教师社会职能定位系统分析的基础上，深入地探讨了现代社会高校教师的综合素质，认为高校教师综合素质体系应包括人文精神和科学精神、教育素质、科技创新意识和能力及稳定的心理素质4个方面；最后对高校教师综合素质培养的保障措施进行了分析。     

高校教师绩效管理水平提升策略探讨

20世纪90年代末开始的高校扩招使我国高等教育在短短十几年的时间内实现了从精英教育到大众教育的转身，然而与之相伴的是高等教育质量的下滑，并呈现出加速的态势，其中，高校教师教育理念扭曲是一个重要的助推因素。在此背景下，许多高校纷纷开始改进绩效管理的模式，强化对高校教师的考核，希望借此来实现高校办学水平的持续提升。由于高校教师这一群体特殊的工作特点，高校教师绩效管理工作又存在缺失，所以提升高校教师绩效管理水平已经刻不容缓。     

科学发展观视野下的高校思想政治教育

高等院校是培养高素质人才的摇篮,高等院校中的教育工作者,要以科学发展观为指导,关注当代大学生的全面发展,不断对教育理念加以更新,体现学生的重要位置,充分发挥学生各个方面的潜能,培养大学生的责任感,不断提高广大学生思想政治方面的综合素质,促进大学生全面稳定健康发展。     

“容错”理念下当代学生创新思维养成的路径探索

《国家教育事业发展"十三五"规划》的出台,为我国教育事业的未来发展指明了方向,而当代学生创新思维的养成作为"核心素养时代"的重要组成部分,一直以来备受政学两界关注。创新思维是当代学生个人成长与社会发展的重要能力,也是国家走向"创新型强国"的重要影响因素,但当前我国"重结果轻过程"的教育行为桎梏了当代学生创新思维的养成。究其原因主要是教育理念偏离了当代学生身心发展的差异性,忽略了"量变成就质变"的成功哲学论。因此,秉持"容错"理念,继而通过提高社会宽容度,创新环境建设激发当代学生思维养成;转变教育教学理念,以问题为导向培养当代学生创新思维;以教师队伍建设为引领,培养具有创新意识与创新能力的教师;以实践为依托,改革当代学生考核评价体系等方式,促进当代学生创新思维的养成,以适应"核心素养时代"人才的现实需求。     

浅析高校青年教师思想政治工作的有效途径

高校青年教师是高校教师队伍的重要组成部分,他们的思想政治素质如何,直接关系着高等学校培养什么样的人的问题。习近平总书记指出,高校教师要坚持教育者先受教育,努力成为先进思想文化的传播者、党执政的坚定支持者,更好地担起学生健康成长指导者和引路人的责任。因此,加强和改进高校青年教师的思想政治教育工作具有十分重要的意义。本文针对目前高校部分青年教师在思想政治方面存在的一些深层次问题,提出做好高校青年教师思想政治工作的一些方法和基本途径,以期对高校教师队伍思想建设有所帮助。     

邓小平以人为本的师资队伍建设思想及启示

以人为本是世界与中国教育未来的发展趋势.邓小平同志非常关心教师队伍建设,体现了以人为本的教育管理理念.邓小平把教书育人作为教学的核心,强调通过提高教师的地位特别是经济地位、改革教师的选聘任用制度等出发建立一支充足而有高素质的教师队伍,并根据国内外教育形势的变化不断加强师资培训,以提高教师的业务水平和职业道德水平.其思想对新时期建设高校教师队伍有启示作用,即建立教师的培养机制、创新教师管理机制、培育良好人文环境.     

从校园文化建设看台湾地区职业教育理念——以高雄餐旅大学为例

台湾地区高等职业技术教育理念随台湾地区经济的发展而不断发展,从过去的“工具论”转变为“本质论”,即职业教育不仅要教会学生知识和技能,更应强化学生的人文素养和综合能力,为学生今后的继续发展提供原动力。校园文化建设应在环境文化、制度文化、行为文化、校企共建等方面为教育理念的贯彻落实提供帮助,成为学生综合素质和能力培养的有效载体。     

高校细胞生物学课程教学改革实践与思考

<正>现代社会的飞速发展越来越彰显人才的特殊地位,同时对人才的培养方式提出了更高的要求。高校作为人才培养的重要场所,其在提高国民素质、提升综合竞争力方面的重要性不言而喻。如何革除当前高等教育的弊病,更好培养数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才,成为摆在学校管理者、教改理论研究者和教育行动的实际执行者——高校教师面前的具体挑战。笔者通过对细胞生物学实际授课过程中的体会和思考,提出     

高校工会维护青年教师专业发展权益途径研究

随着高等教育改革步伐的加快，高校教师专业发展已成为高等教育研究的重要课题。高校教师队伍建设目标逐步从单一的学历提升、结构优化向提高教师专业化水平转移。基于此，高校青年教师的专业发展应列为高校教师培养计划的重点。但目前青年教师的专业发展仍受到一系列制约，专业发展权益得不到保障。     

应用型本科专业人才综合素质评价研究

应用型本科专业培养的人才要求具有较高的创新和实践能力。本文从定性和定量相结合的角度,以现代教育理念和教育评价理论为基础,运用层次分析法和综合评价法对应用型本科专业学生综合素质评价模型进行研究,建立了一套科学的、便于操作的、复合性、导向性与激励性较强的综合素质评价方法,更加全面、客观地评价应用型本科专业人才的综合素质。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -