云贵高原地区干季灌溉对白三叶种子产量的影响

研究了云贵高原区干季(3～4月)6个水分调控处理对海法白三叶种子产量构成要素及实际种子产量的影响,结果表明:水分主要是通过影响单位面积花序数、每花序小花数、每花序荚果数和单粒种子重等产量构成要素来影响种子产量,当土壤含水量≥田间持水量的65％时,种子产量达767kg/hm2.白三叶种子产量(y)与水分供应量(x)之间的回归方程为:y=-3E-05x3 +0.0206x2-1.7474x+146.48(R2 =0.9821).当水分供应量达410mm时,白三叶种子产量达到最大值.云贵高原地区正常年份干季降雨量不能满足白三叶种子生产的需要,实际生产中合理灌水量的确定应综合考虑白三叶种子价格、灌水成本和3～5月份的实际降雨量等因素.     

水分胁迫对白三叶种子发育与质量的影响

田间水分状况对白三叶(Trifolium repens L)种子生产的影响至关重要.在云南研究不同土壤水分亏缺对白三叶种子发育和种子质量的影响,结果表明:各处理种子含水量均呈下降趋势.处理间比较,水分亏缺越大,含水量下降越快.两年种子干鲜重不灌水处理均最早达到最大值,轻度水分胁迫、中度水分胁迫次之.白三叶种子发育过程中可溶性糖含量逐渐下降,水分亏缺越大,可溶性糖含量下降越快.水分亏缺增加白三叶收获种子的硬实率,对白三叶种子的发芽和活力没有影响.     

施石灰对红壤地区白三叶生长发育及种子生产的影响(简报)

白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)原产欧洲,是世界温带和亚热带地区广泛使用的重要豆科牧草之一,在我国西南、华中、华北、东北等地区均有栽培,是南方广为种植的豆科当家牧草^[1]。目前我国白三叶种子基本依靠进口,价格昂贵。云南具有白三叶种子生产的自然优势,但大多地区土壤酸性较强,影响土壤养分转化及植物生长发育。Bailey和Laid law研究表明:在强酸性土壤施石灰能显著增加白三叶植株干物质的产量^[2]。Low ther认为土壤pH值在4.7~5.0时施石灰能显著促进白三叶的生长^[3]。但关于在强酸性土壤施石灰对白三叶生长发育及种子生产影响的研究较少,国内尚未见报道。     

水分对白三叶种子产量及产量构成要素的影响

研究水分对白三叶(Trifolium repens L)种子产量及产量构成要素的影响。结果表明:处理间花序小花数和花序荚果数差异不显著;对照与其他处理间单位面积花序数差异显著(P<0.05);对照和轻度水分胁迫区单位面积结荚花序数较多;对照小花胚珠数、荚果种子数和千粒重最小,与其他处理间差异显著(P<0.05);对照潜在种子产量和表现种子产量最高,轻度水分胁迫区实际种子产量最高,达44.97g/m²,收获系数8.7%;产量构成要素中花序数及花序小花数与种子产量间相关显著(P<0.05);无水分胁迫区主要影响因子是花序小花数及千粒重;轻度水分和重度水分胁迫区及对照区主要影响因子是花序数及花序小花数,中度水分胁迫区则是荚果种子数;种子成熟过程中胁迫越大含水量越低;水分对白三叶种子发芽率无影响,各处理硬实率偏高,均达80%以上,但差异不显著。     

云南白三叶种子生产研究现状及发展对策

全面地回顾了国内外白三叶种子生产现状与发展潜力,分析了白三叶种子生产技术研究及其种子生产中存在的问题,提出了有效地提高云南省白三叶种子产量的对策。     

云南白三叶种子生产研究现状及发展对策

全面地回顾了国内外白三叶种子生产现状与发展潜力,分析了白三叶种子生产技术研究及其种子生产中存在的问题,提出了有效地提高云南省白三叶种子产量的对策.     

行距和播量对白三叶生育及种子产量的影响

研究行距和播种量对白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)生长发育及种子产量的影响。结果表明:行距和播量影响白三叶的生育进程,随着播量和行距的增大,生育时期延长,冠层高度、生殖枝高度和种子产量增加;各处理干物质分配规律不同,在收获时,处理2的花和种子比例最大,分别达34.93%和12.98%;处理3种子产量最高,其潜在和实际种子产量分别达1046.2和443.1kg/hm²。     

白三叶种子生产研究

安化县自１９８７年开始人工种植白三叶牧草，同时观测基生长发育并开展了种子生产试验，１９９１年接受国家农业部下达的白三叶种子生产课题计划，同年，采用综合技术措施开展田间试验，经４年努力，白三叶种子产量达１８１．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，发芽率达９０．５％，研究表明，南方亚热带地区可以生产白三叶种子。     

水分对白三叶生长发育及种子产量的影响

研究水分对白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)生长发育的影响,结果表明:水分处理影响白三叶的生长发育进程,导致生育期延长,冠层高度、匍匐茎密度和叶面积减小,可育节数、茎叶比及种子产量增加;水分胁迫程度越大,匍匐茎密度越小,可育节数越多;各处理地上部干物质积累均呈“S”型增长,水分胁迫增加,积累速度减缓;地下部干物质积累呈不同规律;干旱胁迫越大,单位面积干物质中花的比例越大,对照在收获时花的比例达到总干物质的22.72%;轻度和中度水分胁迫降低叶的比例,分别为21.76%和19.85%,促进种子产量增加,分别为44.97和43.63g/m².     

大麦对白三叶生长发育的影响及其控制杂草的效果

海法白三叶(Trifoliun vepens L. cv.Haifa)是云南省草地建设与生态保护中的重要牧草品种.在进行种子生产时,苗期杂草危害十分严重.本文对保护作物大麦对白三叶生长发育的影响及其杂草控制效果进行了研究.结果表明,混播大麦能提高白三叶密度,有效地控制杂草.与不混播大麦对照相比,白三叶播种量6 kg/hm2、行距30 cm、混播大麦80 kg/hm2处理,白三叶密度提高27.1%,苗期和分枝期杂草干物质产量分别降低16.9%和52.2%,实际种子产量提高5.9%;白三叶播种量9 kg/hm2,行距40 cm、混播大麦80 kg/hm2处理,白三叶密度提高46.8%,苗期和分枝期杂草干物质产量分别降低16.9%和50.6%,实际种子产量降低4.8%.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

文山黄牛的现状与保种措施

文章阐述了文山黄牛的品种特性、现状和保种措施。文山牛保种可采用原产地活体保种,迁地活体保种和现代生物技术保种等多种方式。文山牛体型较大,性情温顺,产肉性能好、活动敏捷、结构紧凑、肌肉强健、肉品质优良、耐粗饲、适应性广、繁殖力和抗病力均较强等特点。文山牛是云南省一个地方良种,种质资源保护刻不容缓。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.