犬猫管理与流浪犬猫治理

正不负责任的饲养行为和犬猫无序繁殖导致的遗弃,使得近年来流浪犬猫不断增多。由此引发的疾病传播、犬猫被虐待捕杀、社区环境卫生等方面的问题正严重地危害着人与动物和谐共处。根据最新统计,北京市昌平区回龙观地区共有52个小区、7个村,目前家养犬只数量6562只左右,其中有养犬证的4162只,未注册犬2400只。流浪犬猫580只左右,其中包括流浪猫420只,流浪犬160只,这个数据还是不完全统计,     

犬常见皮肤病的诊断及防治

近年来，泰安、济南地区犬皮肤病的发病率比较高，约占临床病例的20％左右。犬皮肤病种类繁多，原因复杂，既不易根治，又容易误诊。有些病例，尤其是顽固性皮肤病屡治屡发，久治不愈，一直是临床上比较棘手的一种顽症。笔者自2001年以来共收治犬各类皮肤病274例，其中顽固性皮肤病147例，现将诊治情况总结如下。     

狗狂犬病的防治措施

当前宠物犬的数量快速增加,这也是造成城市内流浪犬数量增加的主要原因。流浪犬数量的增多,直接导致狗狂犬病数量呈现上升趋势。本文通过对狗狂犬病的临床诊断进行介绍,重点阐述狗狂犬病的防治措施。     

我国城市流浪犬猫安置的现状与分析

正1流浪犬猫的产生流浪犬猫主要是指散布在城市公园、社区以及城乡结合部的人口较少且无主人的猫和犬。它们的来源主要有两种:一是由被弃养的伴侣犬猫组成,这主要包括畜主的主动抛弃和被迫遗弃;二是由先前存在的流浪犬猫自由交配、繁殖产生的后代。流浪犬猫群体几乎是与城市化的建设共同发展的,可以说,有城市的地方就有流浪犬猫。流浪犬猫问题的产生并不是偶然现象,这一方面与畜主个人素质以及薄弱的公共意识有关,另一方面与我     

浅谈流浪犬的治理问题

近年来,因为一部分犬主好恶的改变或缺乏爱心、社会责任感而发生丢弃犬的行为导致犬流离失所,沦为流浪犬。流浪犬的命运令人同情,同时还带来了不少社会问题,例如它们会传播疾病、影响交通安全、破坏环境卫生、甚至扰民伤人。在公园、街道、居民小区"游荡"的流浪犬,日益成为城市生活的隐忧。一、流浪犬问题社会争议随着流浪犬的增多,一些地方频频发生流浪犬伤人的恶性事件,引发社会大众关注。     

犬常见皮肤病的种类、病因及症状

近年来，犬皮肤病的发病率比较高，犬皮肤病种类繁多，原因复杂，约占临床病例的20％-30％。笔者自2001年以来，先后收治各类皮肤病患犬286例，其中顽固性皮肤病186例。     

獭兔疥螨病和真菌性疾病的防治

随着獭兔饲养水平的提高,獭兔常见病逐年减少,相反的一些顽固性皮肤病却日益增多。笔者先后对一些獭兔养殖场进行调查,獭兔真菌性皮炎、疥癣病为其他皮肤病之首。一旦发生感染,其病程较长,感染面积较大,传播途径广泛,治愈难度大而且严重影响獭兔皮毛的质量。现就獭兔疥螨病和真菌性皮肤疾病的流行特点及防治方法作简单介绍。     

中西复方制剂治疗犬皮肤病

近年来．由于城乡养犬数量的不断增加，特别是城乡结合部位．被遗弃的患有严重皮肤病的流浪犬越来越多。由于没有一种较为全面治疗皮肤病的良药．对于一些缺乏诊断手段的兽医门诊．当病犬就诊时往往盲目用药．导致疗效不佳，甚至无效。针对这一现象．笔者以中西医结合方法，研制出一种较为全面的治疗犬皮肤病的透皮制剂。现将其介绍如下。     

犬猫常见皮肤病的诊治

宠物皮肤病近年来发病率较高,约占临床病例的30%,虽然皮肤病一般不会导致死亡,但治疗周期长、易复发,而且有些病例,尤其是顽固性皮肤病久治不愈。笔者根据皮肤病的发病原因和类型,总结了犬猫常见皮肤病的诊断及治疗。     

犬顽固性皮肤病的中西药结合疗法

犬皮肤病给畜主及犬本身造成的危害较大，尤其是外形优美的观赏犬将会失去其使用价值而被淘汰，特别是犬顽固性皮肤病且不易彻底治愈。近年来，笔者用螨净等药物治愈犬顽固性皮肤病13例，疗效确实，报道如下：     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.