盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响

[目的]探讨盐胁迫下水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分变化。[方法]6叶1心的水稻幼苗在不同浓度NaCl胁迫不同时间后用于提取类囊体膜脂肪酸,并用1890气相色谱仪分析脂肪酸组分。[结果]随着NaCl胁迫浓度增加和时间的延长,2个供试材料Pokkali和Peta水稻类囊体膜14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1脂肪酸组分含量在前4 d变化不大,之后略为上升;Pokkali和Peta的16∶0、饱和脂肪酸含量(LS-FA)前4 d变化也不大,之后Pokkali的明显上升,而Peta的呈下降趋势;Pokkali和Peta的18∶3组分和不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)一直下降,100 mmol/L较200 mmol/L NaCl处理下降幅度小,且在相同的条件下,Pokkali较Peta的下降幅度小;而Pokkali和Peta的饱和度水平上升,且Peta上升幅度较Pokkali小。[结论]在不饱和脂肪酸指数方面,Pokkali较Peta耐盐。     

ABA对低温胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

以耐冷型水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种东农418和冷敏感型水稻品种松粳9号为材料,在三叶期以脱落酸(ABA)及其合成抑制剂钨酸钠进行喷施处理,通过抗氧化酶活性的响应,探讨低温胁迫下ABA对水稻苗期耐冷性的调节作用。结果表明,低温处理使叶片SOD活性降低,POD活性和MDA含量升高;外施ABA减缓了叶片SOD活性的降低,并可减少POD活性和MDA含量升高的幅度,而钨酸钠处理则加剧了SOD活性降低及POD活性和MDA含量的升高,说明ABA提高了水稻幼苗耐冷性。低温胁迫以及ABA对水稻抗氧化酶活性的影响因品种而异,外施ABA对耐冷型品种的调节作用效果更明显。     

茉莉酸对低温胁迫水稻幼苗的生理效应

茉莉酸(JA)是一种广泛存在于高等植物中的生长调节物质,作为内源信号分子参与低温冷害、高温胁迫、盐胁迫、水分胁迫、病虫害以及机械伤害胁迫等抗逆反应。选用抗冷性存在明显差异的两个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种日本晴和IR50作为材料,通过设置对照(未经低温处理)、低温、低温+茉莉酸(JA)3种处理,研究茉莉酸对水稻幼苗的抗冷生理效应。结果表明,添加茉莉酸溶液在一定程度上能减缓低温胁迫对水稻幼苗造成的伤害,有效地提高抗冷性,但这种缓解效应在不同水稻品种间存在一定差异。     

盐胁迫对蓖麻Na~+、K~+吸收分布特点和叶绿素荧光的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the salt resistance of castor. [Method] Under salt stress, the growth, osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Na~+ and K~+ uptakes and transports in the seedlings of two Ricinus communis varieties (cultivar castor ‘Zibi 6’ and wild castor which grew naturally in coastal saline-alkali land), were comparatively studied. [Result] Wild castor preformed better in halophilism than that of cultivar castor Zibi 6 under the NaCl treatment. One of the salt tolerant mechanisms of castor is to improve K~+ uptake and transport to overground portion, thus to maintain K~+/Na~+ homeostasis in leaves; on the other hand, the high stability of Photoreaction System Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) plays a key role in maintaining the leaf photosynthetic rate under salt stress. [Conclusion] The results of this study provided theoretical basis for the extension and application of castor in saline beach.     

T-DNA插入产生的水稻小粒突变体的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the genetic characteristics of a grain shape mutant and its possible role in genetic improvement of grain yield in rice. [Method] On the basis of the collection of T-DNA tag lines, the progeny of homozygous plants carrying T-DNA insertion were screened for mutants with mutated phenotypes. The genetic analysis of the mutant and test for the linkage between the mutated phenotype and the T-DNA insertion were carried out to determine its genetic characteristics. [Result] In the present study, a grain shape mutant induced by T-DNA insertion in rice was identified, which showed small grain. Genetic analysis of the mutant showed that the two types of phenotype, normal and small grain in the segregating populations derived from the T-DNA heterozygotes, fit the ratio of 3∶1. Test for Basta resistance showed that all the mutants were resistant while the normal plants segregated for resistant and susceptible by the ratio of 2∶1. The results indicated that the mutant phenotype cosegregated with Bar gene. The small grain mutant caused by T-DNA insertion was confirmed by PCR amplification aiming at T-DNA. [Conclusion] The grain shape mutant is useful for isolation of the tagged gene and genetic improvement in rice.     

低温下外源水杨酸对水稻幼苗光合作用的影响

以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种西农优1号为材料,用0.5 mmol/L外源水杨酸(SA)对水稻幼苗进行叶面喷施和灌根预处理。结果表明,用0.5 mmol/L SA预处理使水稻幼苗叶片在低温胁迫下总叶绿素含量增加,气孔导度及胞间CO2含量下降,净光合速率增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。说明SA可能为低温胁迫下水稻幼苗的光合器官提供保护作用,从而减轻低温胁迫对水稻幼苗的伤害,提高水稻幼苗的抗寒性。     

高温胁迫下水稻幼苗几个相关生理指标的变化

以谷优1292杂交籼稻为供试材料,研究了38℃的高温胁迫对水稻幼苗的相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,随胁迫时间（0、1、3、5、7d）的延长,幼苗叶片中的丙二醛（MDA）、游离脯氨酸（Pro）的含量逐渐升高,而叶片的相对含水量（RWC）、叶绿素的含量以及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）的活性则逐渐降低。表明水稻幼苗受到高温的伤害,并且高温持续越久,伤害越严重。     

膜下滴灌旱种对寒地水稻品质的影响

以94份寒地早粳稻为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了膜下滴灌旱种对寒地水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品质的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌旱种对糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米粒长、精米粒宽、精米长宽比、精米垩白粒率、精米垩白度、精米白度、糙米蛋白质含量、糙米直链淀粉含量、糙米脂肪含量和米饭食味评分的影响具有双向性。膜下滴灌旱种减小了糙米率、精米率、整精米率、精米粒长、精米粒宽、精米长宽比、精米垩白度、精米白度、糙米蛋白质含量和米饭食味评分值的变异度,增加了精米垩白粒率、糙米直链淀粉含量和粗脂肪含量的变异度。糙米率、精米率、精米粒长、精米粒宽、精米长宽比、精米白度、糙米直链淀粉含量、糙米蛋白质含量、糙米粗脂肪含量和米饭食味评分值对膜下滴灌旱种的反应较迟钝,整精米率、精米垩白粒率和精米垩白度对膜下滴灌旱种的反应较敏感。     

盐胁迫对东北薄荷种子萌发的影响

为了研究4种单盐对东北薄荷Mentha sachalinensis(Briq.)Kudo.种子萌发特性的影响,明确种子萌发期对4种盐胁迫的耐受性。人工模拟不同浓度NaCl、Na_2SO_4、NaHCO_3和Na_2CO_3胁迫条件,采用双层滤纸法培养各胁迫处理种子,测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间等发芽指标,并通过相对发芽率与盐浓度建立的函数方程确定东北薄荷种子萌发期对4种盐胁迫的耐盐适宜浓度、耐盐半致死浓度和耐盐极限浓度。结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,4种盐胁迫处理下的平均发芽时间逐渐延长,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数逐渐下降;Na_2CO_3胁迫处理下的发芽势呈逐渐下降趋势,而其他3种盐处理下的发芽势均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。东北薄荷种子萌发期对NaCl、Na_2SO_4、NaHCO_3和Na_2CO_3的耐盐适宜浓度为119.44、64.64、64.32和19.27 mmol·L~(-1),耐盐半致死浓度为153.36、66.70、86.54和22.23 mmol·L~(-1),耐盐极限浓度为191.21、105.33、108.07和25.07mmol·L~(-1);东北薄荷种子对4种盐胁迫的耐受性由大到小依次为NaCl、NaHCO_3、Na_2SO_4、Na_2CO_3。     

Effects of Salt Stress on Fatty Acid Composition of Thylakoid Membrane of Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

类囊体膜脂不饱和度的增加对番茄耐盐性的影响

【目的】探讨类囊体膜脂脂肪酸组成与耐盐性的关系。【方法】以野生型（WT）,转反义番茄叶绿体ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶（LeFAD7）基因株系T2-8（-）和转正义LeFAD7基因株系T2-7（+）为试材,测定了类囊体膜脂脂肪酸组成,盐胁迫后的光合参数,叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体活性氧清除酶活性。【结果】转正义基因番茄植株类囊体膜脂中亚麻酸（18﹕3）含量升高,亚油酸（18﹕2）含量下降,导致膜脂脂肪酸不饱和程度升高,而转反义基因番茄植株类囊体膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量下降。盐胁迫下亚麻酸含量高的转正义基因植株的PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光合速率（Pn）下降程度较小,而转反义基因植株的下降程度较大。与WT相比,盐胁迫下转正义基因植株维持较高的叶绿体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性, 和H2O2的含量较低。【结论】番茄类囊体膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量的增加提高了番茄光合机构的耐盐性。     

水稻盐胁迫相关基因sos 5的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR扩增的方法,从水稻(Oryza sativa)中克隆获得了1 574 bp的cDNA片段.基因测序和序列同源性分析结果表明,所克隆的基因片段包含1 284 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个含有427个氨基酸的多肽,该蛋白与拟南芥SOS 5蛋白同源性达45.6%,与小麦同源性达71%.     

水稻盐胁迫相关基因sos5的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR扩增的方法,从水稻(Oryza sativa)中克隆获得了1 574 bp的cDNA片段。基因测序和序列同源性分析结果表明,所克隆的基因片段包含1 284 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个含有427个氨基酸的多肽,该蛋白与拟南芥SOS 5蛋白同源性达45.6%,与小麦同源性达71%。     

自然盐分胁迫下棉花耐盐性评价

在田间中度盐分自然胁迫下,对14个棉花品种进行耐盐性鉴定评价,分析了籽棉产量、株高、果枝数、成铃数指标的变化,结果表明,在盐胁迫下,各指标均有不同程度下降,其中籽棉产量下降34.3％,下降幅度最大;株高、成铃数、果枝数分别下降26.1％、25.3％、21.7％.棉花综合耐盐性以冀3268、冀杂1号最好,鲁棉6号最差.生...     

The Effect of Acid Stress Treatment on Viability and Membrane Fatty Acid Composition of Oenococcus oeni SD-2a

To obtain ready-to-use wine malolactic starter cultures with high viability, the effects of acid stress treatments on the growth, inoculation viability, freeze-drying viability, and membrane fatty acid composition of the native Oenococcus oeni SD-2a strain were studied. The results showed that pH 3.5 and 3.2 adaptive treatments did not strongly decrease cell biomass but increased distinctly inoculation viability and freeze-drying viability. Concerning the membrane fatty acid composition, it was observed that acid stress conditions increased significantly the relative concentration of lactobacillic acid （C19cycl 1） and the unsaturated：saturated fatty acid ratio in cell membrane lipids. We assumed that acid-induced cross protective responses could be used in preparing ready-to-use O. oeni SD-2a malolactic starter cultures, and the accumulation of lactobacillic acid in the membrane of O. oeni SD-2a cells appears as an acid stress response mechanism, which might be related with the enhanced viability.     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以抗虫棉品种为材料,研究了水杨酸(SA)对盐胁迫下棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在高浓度(>0.9%)NaCl下,棉花种子萌发受到显著抑制;在0.9%NaCl胁迫下,0.1~1.0 mmol/L SA均能够显著提高棉花种子发芽率和发芽势及幼苗的生长,并以0.5 mmol/L的SA处理对盐胁迫的缓解效果最好。研究认为水杨酸能缓解盐胁迫对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。