神经肽S研究进展

神经肽S(Neuropeptide S,NPS)是2002年发现的一种神经肽,由20个氨基酸组成,因其氨基端残基在所有动物均为丝氨酸而得名。NPS通过其受体(NPSR)发挥作用,NPSR至少有2种,即NPSR-A和NPSR-B,属G蛋白藕联受体。NPS及其受体主要分布于脑内,在其他组织器官也有少量分布。NPS具有引起唤醒、增加觉醒、抑制各期睡眠、减少摄食、产生焦虑样行为反应和调节免疫功能等作用。     

神经肽W对猪睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响

为了明确神经肽W(NPW)对猪睾丸间质细胞功能的影响,本试验采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光(IFA)技术研究了NPW受体NPBWR1(GPR7)、NPBWR2(GPR8)基因和蛋白在睾丸间质细胞的表达与分布,用MTT法和放射免疫分析(RIA)技术研究了不同浓度的NPW(NPW-30)对睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响。结果表明,NPBWR1和NPBWR2 mRNA在猪睾丸间质细胞中表达,NPBWR1在睾丸间质细胞上分布;10-6和10-8mol/L NPW处理睾丸间质细胞24 h可分别极限著或显著促进睾酮的分泌(P0.01,P0.05),10-10mol/L NPW可极显著促进睾丸间质细胞的增殖P0.01)。研究结果提示,NPW可促进猪睾丸间质细胞的增殖和睾酮的分泌,进而参与生殖的调控。     

神经肽Orexins的研究进展

orexins是一组神经肽，分为orexin A、orexin B（OXA、OXB）2种，它们来源于同一前体。orexins主要由下丘脑神经元产生，通过其神经纤维的直接投射或释放入脑脊髓液作用于靶位点，激活2种与G蛋白耦联的细胞表面受体OX、R、OX2R，参与机体对摄食、能量代谢、睡眠—觉醒循环等生理活动的调节。     

神经肽Y与动物的肥胖

神经肽Y是一种由36个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽,它具有广泛的生理功能,涉及食欲、体重、性行为、生殖功能、能量平衡、神经内分泌功能、心脏血管功能、记忆的保持等调节过程.特别是它具有很强的促进食欲作用,是导致动物肥胖的重要原因之一.本文着重讨论NPY与动物肥胖的关系.     

畜禽的神经肽Y及其与繁殖性能的相关性

神经肽Y广泛存在于无脊椎动物及所有脊椎动物体内,是中枢神经组织含量最高的神经肽之一,参与调节动物的摄食行为、生物节律性、平滑肌的收缩以及性成熟等活动。本文对其在动物体内的分布、生理作用、基因多态性与繁殖性状的相关性进行了综述。     

神经肽Y受体在摄食调控中的作用

神经肽Y(NPY)是下丘脑最主要的神经化学信号物质之一,在机体的摄食活动中发挥了重要作用。大量研究表明,NPY可以通过受体介导来刺激食欲。文章主要综述了NPY相关受体在采食调控中的作用,以期为生产实际中调控动物采食量提供理论参考。     

奶牛患子宫内膜炎时神经肽的免疫调节作用研究

肥大细胞（MC）作为免疫系统中重要效应细胞，对器官局部功能和免疫水平具有重要的调节作用。神经肽（SP、VIP等）是MC释放细胞因子的一个重要调节物质。神经肽对MC功能的调节可能是“免疫-神经-内分泌”网络相互作用的一个侧面，深入研究神经肽对MC作用的机理，将推动神经免疫的发展，有助于加深人们对“免疫-神经-内分泌”网络的认识。为此笔者研究通过测量比较正常和患病牛的血液和子宫内膜中神经肽（SP、VIP）的含量，以探讨神经肽对子宫局部免疫的影响。     

神经肽Y的研究进展

神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）是一种含３６个氨基酸的活性多肽，广泛分布于动物中枢和外周神经元及机体组织、器官和腺体内，影响动物采食、激素分泌、心血管效应、调节体温、生物节律、性行为及动物情绪等多种功能。     

神经肽Y的研究进展

神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）是一种含３６个氨基酸的活性多肽，广泛分布于动物中构和外周神经元及机体组织，器官和腺体内，影响动物采集，激素分泌，心血管效应，调节体温，生物节律，性行为及动物情绪等多种功能。     

Kisspeptin在鸵鸟间脑内的定位和分布研究

<正>Kisspeptin亦称Metastin,是由黑色素瘤转移抑制基因(Kiss-1基因)编码的肽类激素,为G蛋白偶联受体GPR54的内源性配体。Kisspeptin及其受体在脑和多种器官组织分布,具有影响癌细胞的生长和转移、调节生殖功能和影响内分泌等作用。W.Kuohung等[1]在研究Kisspeptin和其受体GPR54在细胞移行     

Central neuropeptide W has anorexigenic effect in rats

Neuropeptide W (NPW) is produced in neurons located in hypothalamus, brain stem and antral G cells and its receptors are present in the hypothalamus, in particular in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). There are two forms of the peptide, designated as neuropeptide W‐23 (NPW23) and neuropeptide W‐30 (NPW30). Neuropeptide W is an endogenous ligand for G‐protein‐coupled receptor, GPR7 and GPR8 receptors (R), which in humans are expressed in the hypothalamus and probably involved in the control of energy homoeostasis and neuroendocrine axes. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of NPW on feeding intake and energy expenditure in Wistar rats. Systemic (icv) injection of both forms of neuropeptide W (NPW23 and NPW30) to ad libitum feeding Wistar rats decreased dark feeding and fasting‐induced feeding. One week of systemic treatment with NPW23 decreased feeding intake and weight gain during the treatment period. On the other hand, systemic treatment with antineuropeptide W antibody increased feeding intake. Moreover, systemic treatment with neuropeptide W‐23 raised body temperature and consequently thermogenesis. These results strongly suggest that neuropeptide W may play an important central role in the feeding intake and energy balance control in mammals.     

Presence of neuropeptide Y in somatotrophs of cattle

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid member of the pancreatic polypeptide family, was found to be present by immunohistochemistry in the bovine adenohypophysis. NPY mRNA expression was confirmed in the adenohypophysis by RT-PCR. NPY immunoreactivity was present in about 38% of adenohypophyseal cells in the pars distalis. However, NPY immunoreactive cells (NPY-ir cells) were scarce in the zona tuberalis. Immunohistochemistry of NPY and specific hormones using mirror sections revealed that NPY was colocalized in GH immunoreactive cells. Over 90% of somatotrophs corresponded to NPY-ir cells. These results indicate that endogenous NPY is present in the bovine somatotroph and may act as an endocrine intercellular mediator in the adenohypophysis.     

Expression of neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors and neuronal markers following axotomy in the rat spinal cord and gracile nucleus

Using immunocytochemistry, the effects of denervation on the expressions of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor, neuropeptide Y and neuronal markers were investigated in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. Ten, 17 and 24 days after unilateral sciatic nerve section, the distribution of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor was seen in lamina II in the ipsilateral and contralateral side of the lumbar spinal cord and gracile nucleus, whereas neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity located strongly in laminae I–II and moderately in laminae III–IV in the ipsilateral side. Denervation, following section of the sciatic nerve, resulted in no change in the distribution of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor in the spinal cord. This suggests that the neuropeptide Y that is expressed in myelinated afferents following nerve section does not affect the expression of this receptor. This is particularly apparent in the gracile nucleus which shows clear neuropeptide Y staining following sciatic nerve section and no expression of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor.     

Blockade of satiety factors by central injection of neuropeptide Y in sheep

The ability of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to stimulate feed intake was tested in combination with two treatments known to depress feed intake in sheep. Six ewe and three wether lambs (mean BW = 40 kg) fitted with lateral cerebral ventricular guide cannulas and ruminal cannulas had free access to a nutritionally complete, pelleted diet. Balloons placed into the rumen were filled with either 0, 30 or 60 ml of water/kg BW and left in place for 6 h; intake was measured. Based on the decline in feed intake observed with increasing balloon volume in the rumen, Exp. 2 was designed to test effects of NPY injection (0 or 3.0 nmol) into the lateral cerebral ventricle and ruminal distension (0 or 35 ml/kg BW) for 6 h. During the 6-h test period, feed intake was depressed (P less than .05) by intraruminal balloon distension, but feed intake was increased by NPY injection (P less than .05); no interaction between NPY and distension was detected. Ruminal evacuation revealed that digesta occupied only 43% of the rumen's total volume capacity. Balloons occupied 14% of capacity, whereas meal size in control sheep following a 1.5-h fast equaled 7% of capacity. In Exp. 3, intraruminal infusion of 8 mmol/min of propionate depressed (P = .11) feed intake, whereas NPY injection enhanced (P less than .05) intake. There was no interaction between NPY and propionate infusion. In none of these experiments was cumulative feed consumption at 24 h influenced. We conclude that NPY is a versatile feeding stimulant. It promotes feed intake in feed-satiated, ruminally distended and propionate-infused sheep.     

Involvement of neuropeptide Y in hyperphagia in human growth hormone transgenic rats

We have previously produced human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic (TG) rats that show low circulating levels of both hGH and endogenous rat GH. Although body length of the TG rats is normal, they develop hyperphagia and severe obesity. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the causes of hyperphagia in the TG rats by focusing on temporal changes in plasma ghrelin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) contents. In both wild-type (WT) and TG rats, the highest value of plasma ghrelin levels was observed just before the dark phase, and thereafter plasma ghrelin levels were maintained higher in the TG than WT rats. Although NPY contents also showed the peak level just before the dark phase in both the arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the values in the ARC, but not the PVN, of the TG rats was always lower than those of the WT rats, suggesting increased transport of NPY from the ARC to PVN in the TG rats. In addition, treatment with antagonists for Y1 and Y5 receptors for NPY reduced food intake much more effectively in the TG than WT rats. Intermittent treatment with recombinant hGH for a week significantly decreased food consumption, adipose tissue weight and plasma triglyceride concentrations in the TG rats. These results suggest that, in the TG rats, insufficiency in circulating GH stimulates the ghrelin-NPY system with a resultant increase in food intake.     

家畜中枢神经系统神经肽的分布定位研究进展

本文简要综述了家畜中枢神经系统生长抑素、类阿片肽、血管活性肠多肽、胆囊收缩素、催产素和加压素、促黄体激素释放激素、脑钠肽和心钠肽、甘丙肽、神经肽Y和内皮素等神经肽的分布定位及生理作用 ,为进一步研究家畜生长、生殖和内分泌的调控机制提供了形态学资料     

Evidence for a potential role of neuropeptide Y in ovine corpus luteum function

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurohormone that is typically associated with food intake, but it has also been reported to affect the production of progesterone from luteal tissue in vitro. However, NPY has not been previously immunolocalized in the ovine ovary or in the corpus luteum (CL) of any species, and the effects of this neurohormone on luteal function in vivo are not known. Thus, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) to localize NPY in the ovine ovary and used avidin-biotin immunocytochemistry (ICC) to further define the intracellular localization within follicles and the CL. We then infused NPY directly into the arterial supply of the autotransplanted ovaries of sheep to determine the in vivo effect of exogenous NPY on ovarian blood flow and on the luteal secretion rate of progesterone and oxytocin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the NPY antigen was localized to cells within the follicles and CL, in the nerve fibers of the ovarian stroma, and in the vessels of the ovarian hilus. In the follicle, the NPY antigen was localized to nerves and vessels within the theca interna layer, and strong staining was observed in the granulosal cells of antral follicles. In the CL, NPY was localized in large luteal cells and in the vascular pericytes and/or endothelial cells of blood vessels, found dispersed throughout the gland and within the luteal capsule. In vivo incremental infusions of NPY at 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/min, each for a 30-min period, into the arterial supply of the transplanted ovary of sheep bearing a CL 11 d of age increased (P ≤ 0.05) ovarian blood flow. The intra-arterial infusions of NPY also increased (P ≤ 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner the secretion rate of oxytocin, which was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with the observed increase in ovarian blood flow. The infusions of NPY had a minimal effect on the secretion rate of progesterone, and similar intra-arterial infusions of NPY into sheep with ovarian transplants bearing a CL over 30 d of age had no significant effect on ovarian blood flow or on the secretion rate of progesterone. These results suggest that NPY acts on the luteal vascular system and the large luteal cells to rapidly stimulate blood flow and the secretion of oxytocin, respectively, which collectively implies a putative role for NPY during the process of luteolysis when increasing amounts of oxytocin are secreted from the ovine CL in response to uterine pulses of prostaglandin F2α.     

神经肽Y免疫阳性神经元在江汉鸡延髓内的分布

为了探明江汉鸡延髓内神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y，NPY）免疫反应神经元的分布状况，采用石蜡切片和免疫组织化学链霉亲合素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合法（SABC法），对10羽江汉鸡的延髓进行了研究，并与北京鸭、乌鸡、肉鸡及大鼠的相关研究结果进行了比较。在光镜下观察分析了阳性神经元的分布状况，并用图像分析系统进行半定量分析。免疫组织化学染色结果显示，NPY阳性神经元主要存在于延髓下橄榄核中，孤束核及中缝核也有少量表达。表明，江汉鸡延髓NPY阳性神经元的分布与肉鸡、乌鸡、大鼠的大体相似；下橄榄核可能是NPY在延髓-小脑传递通路中的一个重要枢纽。