菊属植物远缘杂交亲和性研究

 开展了不同倍性菊属物种间远缘杂交试验,比较不同杂交组合的杂交亲和指数,并对授粉后生殖生物学过程（柱头花粉附着、花粉萌发、花粉管生长、受精及子房发育）进行荧光显微观察。结果表明,具相同倍性的种间及四倍体与六倍体物种间杂交较易结籽,而二倍体与四倍体或六倍体间难以结籽,表现杂交不亲和性。菊属远缘杂交不亲和表现为柱头上花粉粒粘附少,花粉萌发率低,花粉管生长异常难以进入花柱,诱导柱头胼胝质生成,受精胚败育。     

树莓种间杂交亲和性研究

用荧光显微镜观察树莓种间品种授粉后不同时间花粉在母本花柱萌发及花粉管生长情况,研究树莓种间杂交亲和性。结果表明:花粉管萌发情况与杂交结实率一致,杂交组合胜利×牛叠肚、秋福×茅莓和对照(秋福自交)亲和性好,花粉管大都在授粉后16~24 h到达花柱基部并进入子房与胚珠结合,结实率分别为63.7%、97.9%、92.0%;茅莓×秋福杂交亲和性差,花粉管在授粉后16~48 h停止生长,花粉管最终到达花柱总长的2/5处,并伴有回长和胼胝质现象,结实率为21.8%。     

不同授粉方式对青海细叶百合与亚洲百合杂交结实研究

用青海细叶百合(Lilium pumilum)和亚洲百合杂种系:精粹(Elite)、耀眼(dazzle)、波安娜(pollyanna)3个品种作母本,采用柱头直接授粉和切割花柱授粉两种不同的授粉方式授以不同品种的父本花粉进行杂交试验.通过对各组合间杂交结实进行调查分析,以蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率作为判断指标来研究不同杂交配组的亲和性.结果表明:切割花柱授粉并不能克服所有品种的自交障碍,只能在一定程度上促进具有一定亲和性的杂交组合结实,对蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率有一定的影响.     

9个新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性研究

【目的】了解新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性,为授粉树的配置提供理论依据。【方法】以9个新疆杏品种为试材,测定各品种的花粉量、花粉活力,设置不同品种间72个授粉组合,测定杂交组合的花粉管生长状况及坐果率等指标,以判定不同杂交组合的亲和性。【结果】9个品种平均花粉量为每花药1 474.4粒,品种间差异极大。各品种平均花粉萌发率为44.0%,其中,‘库曼提’花粉萌发率较高,为80.0%,‘树上干’较小,仅17.5%。不同授粉组合的平均坐果率为25.9%,较自然授粉平均高2.7倍,以‘阿克阿依’为母本,‘轮台白杏’为父本的授粉组合坐果率最高,达64.2%。荧光显微观察结果表明,所有杂交组合花粉多在授粉后24 h萌发并伸长,授粉96 h后到达花柱基部进入子房,但各组合花粉在花柱原位萌发的速度及花粉管生长速度存在差异,以‘佳娜丽’为母本,‘库尔勒托永’为父本等9个组合,花粉管生长延长到花柱中下部后,停止向下生长,只有个别能正常生长到达子房。【结论】各品种间花粉量、花粉活力差异极大。在72个授粉组合中,坐果率小于6%的授粉组合,花粉管未到达花柱基部或到达基部的速度慢,比率小,表现为杂交不亲和;坐果率较高的授粉组合,花粉管到达花柱基部的速度快,比率大,亲和性强,适宜搭配建园。     

桃和杏杂交亲和性试验

以桃为母本，杏为父本，进行了桃与杏的杂交亲和性观察。结果表明，桃与杏杂交有一定的亲和性，但亲和力较小。亲和力的大小主要取决于母本。混合花粉授粉降低杂交亲和性，重复授粉、衰老柱头及喷布赤霉素均可提高杂交亲和性。     

柰李授粉坐果习性的研究

选用保10、保7、保3、早生日光和普通桃等5种不同花粉,对柰李3个株系的授粉母树进行授粉试验,以探求柰李在自花授粉、不同株系间异花授粉、与普通李亚种间异花授粉,以及桃属间异花授粉情况下,坐果和生长的情况.试验结果表明,坐果率高低依次为亚种间杂交>株系间杂交>自交>属间杂交.不同的授粉方式对果实生长速度也有影响,其纵径生长量大小依次为亚种间杂交>自交>株系间杂交>属间杂交.     

自花授粉花柱提取物对澳洲坚果品种间杂交亲和性的影响

【目的】明确澳洲坚果品种间杂交的亲和性，为快速鉴定品种间杂交亲和程度和授粉品种配置提供理论依据和实践支撑。【方法】以澳洲坚果13个品种为母本试材，10个品种为父本试材，设置115个杂交组合，利用母本自交花柱提取液培养基培养父本花粉，测定杂交组合的花粉萌发率及花粉管生长情况，结合花粉萌发受影响程度指数（pollen germination,PG）与花粉管生长受影响程度指数（pollen tube growth,PTG），判定品种间杂交亲和性程度。【结果】明确了115个杂交组合的亲和性程度，筛选出54个强杂交亲和性组合，其中有9对杂交组合可互为亲本；另外筛选出28个中等杂交亲和性组合和33个弱杂交亲和性组合。品种HAES863、O.C、HAES820可以作为杂交育种父本材料，在果园构建中可以作为13个参试母本的授粉树；品种HAES863、D4、HAES951、HAES816、HAES842为极好的杂交育种母本材料。【结论】建立了澳洲坚果品种间杂交亲和性室内鉴定标准，将杂交亲和性划分为强（PG值≤0.5,PTG值≤0.2）、中（0.5相似文献   

马蔺与溪荪种间杂交亲和性研究

 以鸢尾属植物马蔺（Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis Koidz.）和溪荪（Iris sanguinea Hormen.）为试材,对常规授粉后结实性及花粉管的行为进行了观察,并研究不同授粉方式对马蔺和溪荪正反交结实率的影响,探讨了其种间杂交的亲和性。结果表明：马蔺与溪荪杂交表现不亲和性,常规授粉正反交结实率均为0;常规授粉2 h后,溪荪的花粉在马蔺的柱头上能萌发,但花粉粒萌发和花粉管的伸长较两亲本自交滞后,柱头和通道内胼胝质现象明显;马蔺的花粉在溪荪的柱头上不能萌发。几种不同授粉方式处理中,马蔺 × 溪荪组合最适授粉方式为0.1% 6-BA处理柱头后授粉,结实率和有胚率分别为10%和16.67%。溪荪 × 马蔺组合的最适授粉方式为提前授粉,结实率和有胚率分别为15%和25.70%。     

唐菖蒲授粉生物学特性的研究

通过对唐菖蒲四个品种的花粉发芽力、花粉生活力、花粉畸形率、授粉时间、不同花朵授粉结实率的研究,得出唐菖蒲花粉在发芽率、生活力、畸形率上存在相关性,但花粉发芽率与花粉生活力间正相关不显著,发芽率与畸形率间负相关也不显著。最佳授粉时间是11:00~12:00,最佳位置在第3朵。     

中华猕猴桃品种间亲和性研究

采用离体培养法观察中华猕猴桃株系花粉活力,利用荧光显微镜进行了常见品种杂交亲和性的研究,并统计坐果率。雄株花粉活力大小依次为楚源M4、湘平83-3、金魁、魁密。不同品种雌、雄株间授粉,柱头的识别反应快,花粉在柱头粘附多,生长快且萌发率高,亲和性较强且坐果率较高。24个组合中亲和指数最高的是金魁 × 楚源M4,亲和指数为924.61,坐果率为94.44%;最低的是早鲜 × 金魁,亲和指数417.44,坐果率71.11%。同种间的不同品种的亲和性和坐果率存在差异,亲和指数与坐果率密切相关,因此进行猕猴桃最佳授粉树的选择在实际生产中具有重要意义。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.