血红蛋白粉对仔猪血液中血红蛋白、铁及转铁蛋白含量的影响

选择35日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪84头,按遗传基础相似、公母各半的原则,随机分成4组,第I组为对照组,其余为试验组,每个处理组设3个重复,分别用0%、1%、2%、3%的血红蛋白粉替代其日粮中相应比例的鱼粉(其中试验Ⅲ组中替代2%的鱼粉和1%的豆粕),并进行了为期30d的饲养试验。试验结果表明,仔猪的日增重试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05),且试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);仔猪的血红蛋白浓度随血红蛋白粉添加量的增加而成正相关;仔猪血浆中转铁蛋白的含量随日粮中血红蛋白粉添加比例的增加而上升,并且各组间差异是显著的(P<0.05);仔猪的血浆铁含量试验Ⅲ组显著高于其它组(P<0.05)。     

Beta-globin chain hemoglobin polymorphism and hemoglobin stability in black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis)

To evaluate the syndrome of acute intravascular hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), the hemoglobin of this species was evaluated by use of isopropanol- and heat-stability tests and was further characterized by electrophoretic studies. Samples were obtained from 22 apparently healthy captive North American black rhinoceroses, though 3 of the study animals had survived previous hemolytic events, and 3 others were parents of 3 offspring that had suffered hemolysis. The eastern African (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and the southern African subspecies (D b minor) were represented. Comparative samples were also obtained from 2 white (Ceratotherium simum) and 1 Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis) rhinoceroses. The hemoglobin of all 3 species appeared stable when tested by use of the heat and isopropanol methods. Thus, an unstable hemoglobin does not appear to be involved in the hemolytic crises of captive black rhinoceroses. Black rhinoceros hemoglobin had a striking polymorphism. Thirteen of the samples from black rhinoceroses had a single hemoglobin band, based on results of alkaline electrophoresis. Nine had, in addition to this major band, a slow (more cathodic) minor band that comprised about 10% of the total hemoglobin. Further studies indicated that the major band and the slower minor band may contain globin chains analogous to human beta- and delta-chains respectively; these bands have been tentatively designated B and C. Phenotypes B and BC are common, in a ratio of 4:3. A genetic mechanism is proposed that assumes beta b and beta c gene loci and that beta c-locus-expressed (beta c+) and beta c-locus-inhibited (beta c degrees) are common alleles for the beta c-locus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Use of the ADVIA 120 for differentiating extracellular and intracellular hemoglobin

BACKGROUND: The use of cell-free hemoglobin (Hgb) solutions, such as Oxyglobin (Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA, USA), as a blood substitute for the treatment of acute anemias is increasing in veterinary medicine. These solutions interfere with colorimetric tests, which do not discriminate between cellular Hgb (Hgb-cell) from the patient and extracellular Hgb (Hgb-delta) from the Oxyglobin, and therefore make the monitoring of anemia, based on Hgb concentration, difficult. The ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) evaluates Hgb by 2 methods, a standard cyanmethemoglobin colorimetric method and flow cytometry, and therefore might provide the means to differentiate extracellular and intracellular Hgb. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of the ADVIA 120 in differentiating extracellular from intracellular Hgb. METHODS: Anticoagulated whole blood samples from 10 healthy dogs were analyzed in triplicate on the ADVIA 120. Hgb-delta concentration was determined by adding Oxyglobin (13 g/dL) to the whole blood samples at dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32. Hgb-cell and Hgb-total values were calculated and compared with actual values by linear regression. Analyses were done in triplicate and repeated 9 consecutive times to evaluate intra-assay precision of Hgb-total and Hgb-cell determinations. RESULTS: Correlation between Hgb values obtained by colorimetric (Hb-total) and flow cytometric (Hgb-cell) methods on whole blood samples was high (R(2) = .99; n = 10) with a slope of 0.96 and intercept of 0. Correlation between actual and predicted Hgb-cell values also was high (R(2) = .99), with a small positive bias (0.289 +/- 0.185; n = 60). Intra-assay precisions were high, with most coefficients of variation <2%. CONCLUSION: The ADVIA 120 is capable of differentiating Hgb-cell from Hgb-delta. The flow cytometric method is accurate and precise when compared with the cyanmethemoglobin method. A small bias between the results is unlikely to be clinically significant but may affect the ability of the ADVIA to differentiate small quantities (<0.3 g/dL) of Hgb-delta.     

Evaluation of three methods for measurement of hemoglobin and calculated hemoglobin parameters with the ADVIA 2120 and ADVIA 120 in dogs, cats, and horses

BACKGROUND: Besides flow cytometric detection of cellular hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, the ADVIA 2120 uses a novel cyanide-free colorimetric method to determine extracellular total HGB concentration. In human samples, the results are equivalent to those of the cyanmethemoglobin method on the ADVIA 120. Cyanide-free HGB measurement has not been evaluated in animal samples. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the 3 methods of HGB analysis on the ADVIA 2120 and ADVIA 120 in blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses. METHODS: Consecutive fresh K(3)EDTA blood samples from 119 dogs, 113 cats, and 151 horses submitted to the Central Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, were included. A CBC was performed on each sample using the ADVIA 2120 and ADVIA 120. Colorimetric and cellular HGB concentrations and all calculated variables based on HGB measurement were compared using linear regression, Passing Bablok regression, and Bland Altman plots, using the ADVIA 120 as the reference method. RESULTS: In samples from all species, an excellent correlation was found for colorimetric HGB results (r=0.99). HGB measured with the cyanide-free method was overestimated on the ADVIA 2120 compared with the cyanide-based method on the ADVIA 120, with a mean proportional bias of -21.0% (dog), -22.0% (cat), and -19.4% (horse). The correlation of cellular HGB concentration between analyzers was excellent (r=0.99); however, imprecision was higher than for colorimetric methods. Excellent to fair agreement was found for all calculated variables. CONCLUSION: The cyanide-free method of HGB determination is appropriate for use in blood samples from animals, provided the proportional bias is considered.     

Diagnostic utility of glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in the cat

Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) concentrations, K values (% disappearance of glucose/min after an intravenous injection of 1 g/kg dextrose), and blood glucose concentrations were examined in eight cats before and during the induction of diabetes, and in four of these cats after they were placed on insulin treatment. There was a statistically significant separation of GHb, K values, and fasting blood glucose concentrations between healthy and diabetic cats. Changes in GHb correlated best with the K value and single weekly fasting glucose concentrations averaged over eight periods for each cat while diabetes was induced (R = 0.80 and 0.78, respectively); however, fasting blood glucose concentrations obtained on the day of the GHb measurement were also highly correlated (R = 0.69; P < 0.001). The correlation between GHb and single weekly glucose concentrations obtained in insulin-treated cats at the time of insulin peak action and averaged over an 8-wk time period for each cat was less but still significant (R = 0.53; P < 0.001). It is concluded that GHb measurements are a simple and reliable way to monitor changes in glucose control in the diabetic cat over a prolonged period.     

Fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin in the assessment of glycaemic control in dogs

Fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were measured simultaneously in 222 dogs (96 healthy and 126 sick dogs). The dogs were divided into 3 groups according to the glucose concentration: hypo, hyper and euglycaemic dogs. Serum fructosamine concentrations were measured by the reduction test with nitroblue tetrazolium. A turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay and specific polyclonal antibodies were used to evaluate glycated hemoglobin concentrations. A significant correlation was found between glucose concentration and either fructosamine (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001) or glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.82, p < 0.0001). The correlation was higher in hyperglycaemic dogs for fructosamine (r = 0.80, p < 0.0001) and in hypoglycaemic dogs for glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.91, p < 0.005). We found a significant correlation between serum fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001 ) when all the dogs were studied. A significant correlation was observed between serum fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin only in hyperglycaemic dogs (r = 0.82, p < 0.0003). Thus, fructosamine and HbA1c may be considered for use in screening tests for diabetes mellitus in dogs and clinical tests for monitoring control and evaluation of the diabetic animal's response to treatment. The choice of the analytical assay depends on the characteristic and analytical opportunities of the laboratory, as well as the number of serum samples to be analysed.     

Assessment of the Hemocue-b for measuring hemoglobin in horse blood

Our purpose was to assess the accuracy and precision of a point of care hemoglobinometer (HemoCue‐B hemoglobin photometer) for measuring hemoglobin concentration in horse blood. Samples of jugular venous blood from 12 healthy adult horses were collected in EDTA. In order to test the device over a wide range of values, each sample was divided into nine aliquots, and autologous plasma was added or removed from the aliquots to produce blood with PCV values that approximated 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The aliquots were rocked to ensure mixing of plasma and cells. Then hemoglobin by HemoCue‐B (Hb_HQ) and hemoglobin by the cyanmethemoglobin method (Hb_CY) were measured on each aliquot. The PCV of each aliquot was also measured and this value was used for subsequent analyses. To test repeatability, hemoglobin was measured twice by the HemoCue‐B on approximately 40% samples. Samples with Hb_HQ >25.4 g dL^?1 required dilution prior to analysis. Hb_CY ranged from 1.6 to 33.4 g dL^?1. After regression, Hb_CY = ?0.16 + 1.04 Hb_HQ (n = 101; r² = 99.6%). By inspection of a modified Bland‐Altman plot, Hb_HQ values <16 g dL^?1 closely approximated Hb_CY; however, at greater values, Hb_HQ underestimated Hb_CY by as much as 3.2 g dL^?1. The difference between repeated measurements with the HemoCue‐B was 0.02 ± 0.16 g dL^?1 (mean ± SD; n = 10) and nonsignificant. After regression, PCV = ?0.76 + 2.78 Hb_HQ (n = 101; r² = 99.4%). We conclude that HemoCue‐B can be used to measure hemoglobin concentration in horse blood, and that it is accurate when hemoglobin is <16 g dL^?1. PCV can be estimated by multiplying Hb_HQ by 2.8 and then subtracting 0.8.     

Evaluation of three methods for measurement of hemoglobin and calculated hemoglobin variables with the ADVIA 120(R) and ADVIA 2120(R) systems in goats

The present study investigated 3 methods of hemoglobin (Hb) determination in goats using the ADVIA 120 and ADVIA 2120 systems. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anticoagulated caprine blood samples (n = 40 goats) were subjected to Hb determination via the cyanmethemoglobin methods in both instruments and a novel, cyanide-free, colorimetric method with the ADVIA 2120. Statistical analysis of the data included a linear regression, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman diagram. Colorimetric Hb results determined with both analyzers had excellent correlation (r = 0.98); however, a mean proportional bias of -19.1% was present in comparison to the reference method. There also was excellent agreement between cellular Hb concentrations when measured with both analyzers (r = 0.96), and the constant bias was close to zero. However, imprecision was higher compared to colorimetric methods. Excellent to fair agreement was evident for all calculated erythrocyte and Hb variables. Because of the excellent correlation between the ADVIA 120 and ADVIA 2120, the cyanide-free method of Hb determination could be used with caprine blood specimens; however, the proportional bias must be considered.