检测猪细小病毒血清抗体乳胶凝集试验方法的建立及初步应用

将猪细小病毒在IBRS-2细胞上同步培养增殖,待出现细胞病变后,反复冻融,收获病毒液,用甲醛灭活。随后用经硫酸胺沉淀、透析后浓缩的细小病毒液进行方阵滴定,选择致敏乳胶的最佳条件,制成细小病毒乳胶凝集试验（LAT）抗原。抗原与细小病毒阳性血清反应出现肉眼可见的凝集颗粒,而与生理盐水、PBS、犊牛血清、猪瘟、衣原体、口蹄疫、伪狂犬病、弓形体及萎缩性鼻炎等阳性血清不出现凝集现象。用所建立的细小病毒乳胶凝集试验（LAT）与血凝抑制试验检测了203份猪血清,其中血凝抑制抗体阳性为161份,阴性为42份,阳性率为79.31％;乳胶凝集抗体阳性为150份,阴性为53份,阳性率为73.89％,两种方法阳性符合率为93.16％,经统计学检验P＞0.05,两者差异不显著。结果表明,乳胶凝集试验可以作为临床上大量血样进行血凝抑制试验前的初筛,具有简便、准确的优点,在检测细小病毒（PPV）抗体上具有较好的应用前景。     

乳胶凝集试验检测鸡传染性法氏囊病毒血清抗体的研究

以鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因工程抗原致敏乳胶微粒,用IBDV阳性血清进行方阵滴定,以最佳致敏系件制成乳胶抗源,建立乳胶凝集试验(LAT),用来检测血清中IBD抗体。对467份待测血清分别、同时作LAT和双向琼琼脂免疫扩散试验(DATA)。结果,LAT阳性419份,阴性48份;DAGT阳性425份,阴性42份.试验表明乳胶凝集试验操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强,可用于现场检测,适合基层单位检测IBDV血清抗体。     

乳胶凝集试验检测牛、羊淋巴结中的沙门氏菌

用沙门氏菌多价血清致敏乳胶并制成乳胶抗体,建立沙门氏菌乳胶凝集试验检测方法（LAT）。用该方法和常规分离培养检测法检测38份牛淋巴结、101份羊淋巴结,结果乳胶凝集试验牛淋巴结阳性21份,羊淋巴结阳性44份;常规分离培养检测法牛淋巴结阳性22份,羊淋巴结阳性48份,两种方法的阳性符合率牛淋巴结为81.8%,羊淋巴结为81.3%。试验表明乳胶凝集试验操作简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性强且可用于现场检测,是一种适合基层单位用来检测沙门氏菌的可靠方法。     

乳胶凝集试验检测成品饲料中的沙门氏菌

用沙氏菌多价血清致敏乳胶并制成乳胶抗体,建立沙氏菌乳胶凝集试验检测方法。用所建立的乳胶凝集试验方法和常规分离培养检测法检测75份成品饲料,结果乳胶凝集试验成品饲料阳性16份,常规分离培养检测法成品饲料阳性18份,两种方法的阳性符合率成品饲料为83.3%,结果表明乳胶凝集试验具有操作简便、省时、特异性强且可用于现场检测等优点,是一种适合基层单位用来检测沙门氏菌的可靠方法。     

ELISA检测鸡新城疫病毒特异性IgM抗体的研究

以新城疫病毒单克隆抗体包被板,用10％小牛血清-PBS封闭后,捕获尿囊液中的新城疫病毒作固相抗原.在此板上应用酶标抗鸡IgM单克隆抗体进行间接ELISA试验检侧鸡血清中新城疫病毒的特异性IgM抗体.试验证明该方法特异性强、敏惑性高.兔抗新城疫病毒阳性血清可特异性阻断反应,将新城疫病IgM阳性血清用2-ME处理可使ELISA反应呈阴性,与禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌鸡IgM阳性血清、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒IgM阳性血清无交叉反应.该试验可检测到La Sota免疫后3天鸡血清中的特异性IgM,对鸡新城疫病毒IgM阳性血清的检测效价可达1:320以上,并可检测到临床新城疫病鸡血清中的特异性IgM抗体.     

乳胶凝集试验与血清中和试验检测猪伪狂犬病血清抗体的 …

应用血清中和试验（ＳＮＴ）和伪狂犬病乳胶凝集试验（ＬＡＴ）诊断试剂盒对两种伪狂犬病是性血清、伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）高兔血甭及６０份被检猪血清进行了ＰＲＶ抗体效价测定和相关性分析,两种方法测得的抗体效价之间呈强相关性（ｒ＝０．９６）,且ＬＡＴ效价比ＳＮＴ一般高出一个滴度;能干为自３５个猪场的４１４份猪血清进行了ＰＲＶ抗体检测,并与ＳＮＴ检测结果进行了对比,结果在ＳＮＴ检测为阳笥的１７１份血清中,ＬＡ     

禽流感抗体斑点—ELISA诊断技术的研究

以混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜为固相载体,用自制的禽流感全病毒抗原和酶标抗体,建立了禽流感抗体斑点 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测法,其抗原最适包被量为 ０．０６μｇ／点;血清抗体最佳稀释度为 １１００;酶标抗体作 １２００ 稀释;出现明显清晰的斑点者判为禽流感抗体阳性。该方法对 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡血清及新城疫、传染性法氏囊病等其它 １１ 种鸡疫病阳性血清均为阴性,对不同亚型特异性的禽流感病毒（ Ａ Ｉ Ｖ）分型血清、琼扩（ Ａ Ｇ Ｐ）阳性血清及血凝抑制（ Ｈ Ｉ）阳性而 Ａ Ｇ Ｐ疑似的血清样品均呈阳性;对人工接种 Ａ Ｉ Ｖ 的 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡第 ３ 天即能检出抗体阳性,第 ５～１１７ 天可全部检出。与间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 法比较,不仅其特异性、敏感性、重复性相一致,而且结果可用肉眼判定,更适合现地禽流感抗体监测及流行病学调查。     

邵武市鸭群新城疫病毒感染现状分析

为了掌握邵武市鸭新城疫病毒感染情况,2016年秋季采用鸡新城疫病毒抗原对该市19个乡镇、街道办事处随机抽样采集的散养鸭和规模鸭场血清样品,进行鸭新城疫病毒非免疫抗体检测,共检测血清样品177份,其中新城疫病毒抗体阳性的鸭血清样品93份,阳性率高达52.54%。部分散户鸭新城疫病毒抗体阳性率高达100%,散户鸭新城疫病毒平均抗体阳性率为60%,规模鸭场平均抗体阳性率为45%,这可能与鸡鸭混养的养殖模式有关。从检测结果还发现,非免疫新城疫病毒抗体的阳性率与鸭的品种有关,易感性依次为番鸭麻鸭北京鸭。总体显示鸭新城疫病毒的感染情况虽然高,但只感染不发病,结果对水禽新城疫的防控有一定的指导意义。     

雏番鸭细小病毒病诊断技术和试剂的研究

根据番鸭细小病毒单克隆抗体（ＭＰＶ－ＭｃＡｂ）致敏的胶乳可与ＭＰＶ产生特异性凝集反应，而这种特异性凝集反应可被ＭＰＶ抗体所抑制的原理，建立了胶乳凝集试验（ＬＰＡ）和胶乳凝集抑制试验（ＬＰＡＩ）。致敏抗体蛋白浓度为０．５ｇ／Ｌ时，ＬＰＡ可检测出ＭＰＶ最小蛋白量为２μｇ／Ｌ。对ＬＰＡ与ＦＡ、ＬＰＡＩ与ＡＧＰ作了比较，结果：ＬＰＡ阳性率９０．５％，ＦＡ阳性率９２．４％，两者的符合率９２．４％；鸭血清ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价在Ｌｏｇ２５以下时，ＡＧＰ试验均阴性，前者比后者敏感性高３２～６４倍。ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价与保护力相关性试验结果表明，当鸭血清中ＬＰＡＩ抗体效价在Ｌｏｇ２１以上时，雏番鸭均能耐受强毒的攻击，两者呈正相关。致敏胶乳和抗原保存时间在４～８℃时，分别为５个月和６个月；在２２～２８℃时，分别为７ｄ和１５ｄ。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒株的选育

从南京地区分离的肾病变型传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）经ＳＰＦ鸡胚连续传代至６５代时,对雏鸡无致病性,命名为ＩＢＶ－ＡＴ６５,感染鸡胚的ＥＩＫ５０为１０＾－７．６６/０．２mＬ,鸡胚于接种后５１h开始死亡,存活鸡胚表现为发育受阻、卷缩,肾脏有尿酸盐沉积,其尿囊液对１％鸡红细胞凝集反应为阴性。用ＡＴ６５原液０．２mＬ分别于气 管内接种１０日龄ＡＡ鸡（攻毒前经血凝抑制试验检测ＩＢＶ抗体为阴性）,以及攻毒后将     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -