早期断奶应激对仔猪血清生化指标的影响

5窝 3 5日龄仔猪 4 0头 ,随机分成 2组 ,每组 2 0头 ,每窝 4头。 组仔猪 3 5日龄断奶后留原栏 , 组仔猪 3 5日龄随母猪转栏。在断奶时和断奶后 1、3 d,仰卧前腔静脉采血 ,进行生化指标检验。结果表明 , 组仔猪断奶后 3 d,血清尿素氮 ( BUN)水平升高 ( P <0 .0 5) ,血清球蛋白 ( GLOB)水平降低 ( P <0 .0 5)。断奶后腹泻仔猪的血清钠 ( Na)、葡萄糖 ( GLU)、总蛋白 ( TP)、氯 ( Cl)、清蛋白 ( ALB)水平与腹泻前相比显著下降或极显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ,血清尿素氮 ( BUN )、乳酸脱氢酶 ( LDH )、肌酸激酶 ( CK )、球蛋白( GLOB)升高 ( P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 )     

早期断奶对仔猪糖原含量以及肝脏糖异生和糖酵解相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨早期断奶对仔猪机体糖代谢的影响。选择4窝18日龄健康仔猪,从每窝中各选4头共计16头仔猪,称重后其中4头直接屠宰用于取样(血液、肝脏、背最长肌),另外12头进行断奶处理(断奶组);每窝剩余仔猪由母猪继续哺乳(哺乳组)。在断奶后第1天、第3天和第7天从断奶组和哺乳组各取4头仔猪测定平均日增重、血清中葡萄糖和乳酸含量、肝脏和背最长肌中糖原含量以及肝脏中丙酮酸激酶活性与糖代谢相关基因的相对表达水平。结果表明:与哺乳组仔猪相比,在早期断奶阶段(断奶后1~7 d),断奶组仔猪的平均日增重显著下降(P0.05);在断奶后第1天、第3天和第7天,断奶组仔猪血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低了8.33%(P0.05)、17.81%(P0.05)和20.99%(P0.05),血清中乳酸含量分别上升了16.83%(P0.05)、22.75%(P0.05)和12.06%(P0.05),肝糖原含量分别降低了24.94%(P0.05)、48.99%(P0.05)和36.51%(P0.05),肌糖原含量分别降低了44.49%(P0.05)、39.68%(P0.05)和25.52%(P0.05);断奶组仔猪肝脏糖酵解关键酶丙酮酸激酶活性及其基因相对表达水平在断奶后第3天和第7天均显著降低(P0.05),而肝脏糖异生相关酶线粒体磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(断奶后第1天)、胞质磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(断奶后第1天、第3天和第7天)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的基因相对表达水平(断奶后第1天和第3天)均显著提高(P0.05)。由此可见,早期断奶使得仔猪断奶后前期阶段血清葡萄糖含量、肝糖原和肌糖原含量降低,肝脏的糖异生作用被激活而糖酵解作用被抑制以维持体内的糖代谢平衡。     

日粮补铬对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、血液理化和应激反应指标的影响

根据窝别、体重将 1 6头早期断奶的仔猪随机分为对照组和试验组 ,每组 8头 ,进行为期 35d的补铬试验。试验组每千克日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬 2 0 0 μg。研究日粮补铬对早期断奶仔猪的生产性能指标、血液理化指标、应激反应指标的影响。结果 :①对照组仔猪血清中的铬在断奶后有明显的下降趋势 (P <0 0 5) ,日粮补铬可以极显著提高铬在血清中的浓度 (P <0 0 1 ) ;②可提高仔猪在断奶后 1 8d内的平均日增重 ;③可提高其血液中红细胞、血红蛋白和白细胞总数 (P <0 0 5) ;④可降低早期断奶仔猪血清中的皮质醇含量 (P <0 0 1 ) ,降低 1 8d、 2 7d和 35d时仔猪血清中的醛固酮含量 (P <0 0 1 ) ,此外补铬可提高早期断奶仔猪血清中的钾钠比值 (P <0 0 1 ) ;⑤可提高仔猪第 2 7天时血清总蛋白及球蛋白的浓度 (P <0 0 5)。     

高铜对断奶应激仔猪血清生化指标及激素水平的动态影响

选用30头(28±2)日龄“长大定”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体质量和性别随机分成3组,每组10头。组(对照组)仔猪饲喂基础日粮;组仔猪在断奶后14d内饲喂基础日粮+250mg/kg铜(CuSO4·5H2O),然后改喂基础日粮;组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+250mg/kg铜(CuSO4·5H2O)。试验期28d。所有试验猪均于断奶后0、7、14、28d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标及血清激素水平。结果表明,与断奶前相比,3组仔猪断奶后血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶水平均显著下降或极显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);组仔猪血清尿素氮含量在断奶后7d极显著升高(P<0.01),而血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸在断奶后7d显著下降(P<0.05);组仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸在断奶后14d极显著升高(P<0.01);组仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸及甲状腺素在断奶后14、28d显著升高或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验显示,高铜日粮可显著提高断奶应激仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸及甲状腺素的水平。     

早期断奶对仔猪血清、肌肉及肝脏氨基酸代谢的影响

本试验旨在探讨早期断奶对仔猪血清、肌肉及肝脏氨基酸代谢的影响及意义。选择4窝18日龄仔猪,从每窝中各选4头,共计16头仔猪,称重后选择4头屠宰取样,另外12头断奶处理(断奶组)。每窝剩余仔猪由母猪继续哺乳(非断奶组)。在断奶后第1、3、7天从断奶组和非断奶组各取4头仔猪称重、采血后,屠宰取肝脏、背最长肌等组织进行测定分析。结果表明:在断奶后第7天,仔猪背最长肌重量与体重的比率显著降低(P0.05),血清尿素氮含量显著升高(P0.05)。血清、肌肉和肝脏中的游离赖氨酸及血清中的必需氨基酸、苏氨酸在断奶早期阶段显著降低(P0.05),血清、肌肉和肝脏中的游离谷氨酸含量则显著升高(P0.05)。综上所述,在早期断奶阶段,仔猪蛋白质摄入不足(血清总氨基酸等含量降低),机体分解并代谢蛋白质使血清尿素氮和谷氨酸含量上升,肌肉的生长同时受到抑制(背最长肌重量与体重的比率降低)。     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪内分泌的影响

为研究超早期断奶应激对仔猪内分泌的影响,试 验从２ 窝１４ 日龄杜大长三元杂交商 品猪中各选体重相似公猪２ 头,其中１ 头分至断奶组,另１ 头留为哺乳组,每组２ 个重复（ 栏） , 每重复１ 头猪,试验共用猪４ 头。分别于断奶当天（１４ 日龄） 及断奶后连续９ 天 内早上８ ：００ ,对试猪前腔静 脉采血,采用放免法测定血清皮质醇、 Ｔ３ 、 Ｔ４ 浓度。试验结 果表明,在断奶后１ ～４ 天内,与哺乳仔猪相比, 断奶应激使断奶仔猪血清皮质醇浓度降低, Ｔ４ 浓度升高, Ｔ３ 浓度接近哺乳仔猪,且表现出 Ｔ４ 较 Ｔ３ 更能反映应激效应。在断奶第４ 天以后,皮质醇浓度呈不规则变化, Ｔ３ 、 Ｔ４ 浓度下降,至断奶后第９ 天, Ｔ４ 浓度上升。     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响。采用240头(10.0±0.3)kg的断奶仔猪(公母各占1/2),随机分成4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮(含1%吉他霉素和2%抗敌素),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中每天每头仔猪添加50、100和150 mL复合微生态制剂。试验预试期5 d,正试期28 d。于试验第1天和第28天仔猪前腔静脉采血,检测血清生化和免疫指标,并分别收集断奶仔猪直肠内容物,检测粪便中挥发性脂肪酸的含量。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著提高了23.53%(P0.05),料重比显著降低了15.86%(P0.05),腹泻率降低了47.16%(P0.05)。2)试验第1天,各组之间血清生化和免疫指标差异不显著(P0.05),试验组断奶仔猪粪便中挥发性脂肪酸的含量高于对照组。3)试验第28天,Ⅱ组断奶仔猪血清中碱性磷酸酶和谷草转氨酶活性高于对照组(P0.05),血清中葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量高于对照组(P0.05),而血清中尿素氮的含量较对照组降低了18.27%(P0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅱ组粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量分别增加了21.03%(P0.05)、41.08%(P0.05)和77.84%(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中每天每头猪添加50 mL复合微生态制剂可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,增强机体免疫功能并增加粪便中挥发性脂肪酸的含量。     

减轻大豆蛋白引起仔猪过敏的方法

正"目前全球的养猪业基本采用早期断奶的方法。然而,早期断奶仔猪的特点是生长性能差,称为"断奶后滞后",诺伟司国际有限公司猪营销专家Cassio Villela讲到。对大豆蛋白的过敏反应是断奶后仔猪生长性能滞后的原因之一。豆粕是常用的作为猪饲料的主要蛋白源。有些猪对豆粕蛋白容易消化,而有的猪就是相当困难的,特别是刚断奶的仔猪。引起仔猪出现问题的蛋白质包括大豆球蛋白,约占总蛋白的40%和β大豆蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白,约占     

中西药组合对山羊运输应激的防治

为研究中西药组合对山羊运输应激的防治效果,将40头运输近300 km的本地白山羊分为对照组和试验组,试验组进行中西药防治,观察山羊的临床变化,分别在给药7 d后和停药7 d后,采集血液用于检测血液中T淋巴细胞比率变化,血清中葡萄糖、血清皮质醇、尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白比值以及血清磷、氯、钠、钾的含量的变化。结果显示在给药7 d后和停药7 d后,试验组山羊T淋巴细胞比率、血清总蛋白、白蛋白和K+含量升高,皮质醇和尿素氮的含量降低,与对照组相比较差异显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01);血清中葡萄糖,无机离子磷、Cl-、Na+含量与对照组相比较差异不显著(P0.05)。说明中西药组合能有效防治山羊的运输应激。     

液态复合添加剂对断奶1周内仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究仔猪断奶1周内补饲液态复合饲料添加剂对其生长性能、养分消化率、消化道p H及血液指标的影响。挑选20日龄仔猪105头,断奶前屠宰5头,其他100头在21日龄断奶后分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂教槽料,试验组仔猪在每次饲喂教槽料后补喂液态复合饲料添加剂(主要成分为酸化剂、中药提取物、壳寡糖、复合离子调节剂)。试验从断奶当天至断奶后第8天,共计7 d。结果表明:试验组的平均日增重高于对照组(P0.05),腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率较对照组显著增加(P0.05);试验组仔猪断奶后第2天和第8天胃部p H、断奶后第8天十二指肠p H、断奶后第4天回肠p H均显著低于对照组(P0.05),断奶后第4天氯离子含量、断奶后第2天和第8天球蛋白、断奶后第4天和第8天血清Ig G和Ig A含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而断奶后第2天血清尿素氮显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此表明,断奶1周内给仔猪补饲液态复合饲料添加剂,可降低消化道p H,提高养分消化率,并改善机体免疫功能,从而提高仔猪断奶1周内的生长性能,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报

试验选用两窝１４ 日龄杜×（ 大×长） 三元杂交商品猪,每窝１０ 头,每窝仔猪按体重平均分为断奶处理组和哺乳对照组,每组两个重复（ 栏） ,每栏５ 头猪。分别于断奶后第０（１４ 日龄） 、２ 、４ 、６ 、９ 天从每栏内随机抽取一头猪,屠宰后取胰腺和空肠内容物样品,测定胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性。试验结果表明,断奶应激不同程度地降低了仔猪胰腺和空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。随着断奶后时间的推移和采食量的增加,断奶仔猪空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶以及胰腺中淀粉酶活性得以恢复并呈上升趋势。     

早期断奶应激对仔猪某些血清激素水平及细胞免疫功能的影响

2窝(每窝8头)21日龄健康仔猪16头，随机分成吮乳组和断奶组，每组8头(每窝各4头)。断奶组仔猪21日龄断奶后转栏，吮乳组仔猪留原栏继续哺乳。在断奶时(21日龄)和断奶后1、3d(22、24日龄)，仰卧前腔静脉采血，进行血清皮质醇、生长激素、胰岛素、T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平及全血PHAT-淋巴细胞转化率和白细胞吞噬率检测。结果表明，与断奶前相比，断奶组仔猪断奶后1、3d血清皮质醇水平极显著升高(P<0.01)；断奶后3d血清T3、FT3、生长激素、胰岛素水平显著降低(P<0.05)；断奶后PHAT-淋巴细胞转化率和白细胞吞噬率显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与21日龄测定值相比，吮乳组仔猪在22、24日龄时的上述血清激素水平及细胞免疫功能无显著变化(P>0.05)。     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

试验用４头１４日龄杜×（大×长）三元杂交体重相似的公猪,随机分至断奶组和哺乳组,每组两个重复,每重复１头猪,研究超早期断奶应激对仔猪免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明,ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋３项指标在断奶后第２天分别较对照组下降１９．５７％、１５．１５％和１３．３３％（ｐ＞０．０５）。在断奶后第４天,与哺乳组相比,ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋分别下降７．３５％和２５％,ＣＤ８＋上升３１．４３％（ｐ＜０．０５）。在断奶后第６天,３项指标分别较哺乳组升高２４．１４％、１０．８７％和７．６９％（ｐ＞０．０５）。在断奶后第９天,与哺乳组相比,ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋分别升高２０％、７５％,ＣＤ８＋下降３１．７５％。以上结果表明,在断奶后４天内,表现出断奶应激降低细胞免疫机能的趋势,但从第６天起,免疫功能开始恢复。     

Effect of weaning, week postweaning and diet composition on pancreatic and small intestinal luminal lipase response in young swine

The effects of weaning, week postweaning and diet composition on concentration of lipase in the pancreas and small intestinal lumen were investigated in weanling swine. In Exp. 1, lipase levels were evaluated in suckling pigs from 2 to 35 d of age and in pigs weaned at 21 or 35 d of age. Pigs weaned at 21 d of age were fed a corn-soybean meal diet with lipase levels measured from 3 to 28 d postweaning. Pancreas weights increased during the suckling period; they were lowered at 3 d postweaning and were lower at 7 d postweaning than in suckling pigs but increased linearly from 3 to 28 d postweaning. Lipase level per unit wet tissue and total pancreatic levels increased from 2 to 35 d of age in suckling pigs (P less than .01). Weaning at 21 d of age resulted in a decline (P less than .05) in lipase levels in the pancreas at 3 and 7 d postweaning, but the levels subsequently tended to increase between 7 and 28 d postweaning. Whereas relative lipase levels in the intestinal lumen increased from 2 to 35 d of age in suckling pigs, total luminal enzyme did not decline upon weaning when pigs were weaned at either 21 or 35 d of age. Total luminal lipase per unit empty body increased linearly (P less than .01) each week postweaning. In Exp. 2, a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of corn oil (0 or 6%) and dried whey (0 or 25%) was used to evaluate digestive lipase levels in pigs weaned at 21 d of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

高锌日粮长期暴露对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验选用60头日龄相近(23±1)临床检查健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3000 mg/kg 氧化锌、基础日粮+500 mg/kg 蛋氨酸锌。在断奶后0、21、42、70 d,每组随机选取10头仔猪,前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标。结果表明,在断奶后0~42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而在断奶后42~70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪（P<0.05）;在断奶后42~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清AST和ALT水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而血清TP、ALB水平显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)低于对照组仔猪;在断奶后21~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清ALP水平极显著高于对照组仔猪（P<0.01）。因此,断奶仔猪早期饲喂高锌日粮能显著缓解仔猪断奶应激,而长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪有毒副作用。     

Effects of sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and performance in group-housed weanling pigs

To assess the effects of 2 high intensity sodium saccharine-based sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and performance of group-housed weaned pigs, one hundred ninety-eight 26-d-old weanling pigs were given ad libitum access to 3 dietary treatments containing: no additional sweetener (control), 150 mg of sweetener (Sucram C-150)/kg, or 150 mg of sweetener (Sucram 3D)/kg. At weaning, piglets were allocated to 18 pens (11 pigs/pen) based on BW, sex, and ancestry, and pens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 6 pens per treatment. The pens were equipped with computerized feeding stations. During the first 12 d, pigs were offered pelleted prestarter diets that were replaced at once by pelleted starter diets for the last 7 d of the 19-d experimental period. The individual feed intake characteristics consisting of latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake), initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following the first feed intake), the number of total visits per day, and the number of visits in which feed was consumed, together with the time and the feed intake per visit, were determined for all piglets. Performance traits and fecal consistency were determined per pen for d 0 to 5, d 5 to 12, and d 12 to 19, as well as for the total period (d 0 to 19). The initiation of feed intake was not affected by the addition of high intensity sweeteners to the diet. From 12 d postweaning, dietary sweeteners caused the piglets to focus more on feed intake and less on exploratory behavior, as shown by the increased percentage of visits with feed intake in pigs fed the Sucram 3D diet compared with those fed the control diet (P = 0.002). The overall daily feed intake increased with time but was not affected by the addition of sweeteners. Nevertheless, dietary sweeteners prevented the depression of feed intake on d 8 and 10 postweaning (d 8, P = 0.013; d 10, P = 0.014), which seemed to coincide with an improved fecal consistency score (d 5 to 12, P = 0.11; d 12 to 19, P < 0.001). However, the changes in feed intake characteristics and fecal consistency only resulted in numerical effects on postweaning pig performance (ADFI, P = 0.126; ADG, P = 0.140). The results of the present study indicate that weanling pigs need a certain period of time before clear effects of dietary sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and pig performance can be observed.     

Weaning causes a prolonged but transient change in immune gene expression in the intestine of piglets

Controlling gut inflammation is important in managing gut disorders in the piglet after weaning. Establishing patterns of inflammation markers in the time subsequent to weaning is important for future research to determine whether interventions are effective in controlling gut inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal inflammatory response during the postweaning period in piglets. A 45-d study included 108 piglets (weaned at 22 d, body weight 5.53 ± 1.19 kg), distributed in 12 pens with nine pigs per pen. Histomorphometry, gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the quantity of immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells were measured in jejunum, ileum, and colon on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 postweaning. Cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Ig quantities were analyzed in blood from piglets on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 postweaning. Histomorphometrical results showed a lower villus length directly after weaning. Results demonstrated a postweaning intestinal inflammation response for at least 15 d postweaning by upregulation of IgA producing cells and IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α, and TGF-β in jejunum, ileum, and colon. IgM and IgA were upregulated at day 30 postweaning. IgG was downregulated at day 15 postweaning. The results indicate that weaning in piglets is associated with a prolonged and transient response in gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgA producing cells in the intestine.     

Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs

The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs (28 d old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments with six pens and six pigs (three barrows and gilts) per pen within a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a formulated diet with 100% replacement of corn with ground brown rice for 35d (treatment diet: GBR). Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 wk after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P < 0.05) serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with ground brown rice in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with ground brown rice in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, ground brown rice-based diet is a potential alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.     

益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致的原则随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验2组为益生菌组,每kg基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P＜0.05),并显著降低料重比和腹泻率(P＜0.05);2)与对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂可以显著提高仔猪断奶后第7天血清白介素-1β水平,显著提高断奶后第21天血清免疫球蛋白G含量、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平及回肠黏膜分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量(P＜0.05),空肠分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量稍高于对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),粪便免疫球蛋白A含量及外周血T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+无显著差异(P＞0.05).由结果可知,益生菌制剂可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强早期断奶仔猪的免疫力,有效缓解早期断奶应激引起的仔猪免疫功能下降.     

Serum biochemical parameters and amino acids metabolism are altered in piglets by early-weaning and proline and putrescine supplementations

The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline (Pro) and putrescine (Put) supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids (AA) metabolism in suckling and post-weaning pigs. Blood and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age, as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d old. In suckling piglets, the serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing age, whereas the serum globulin, urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lowered (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most serum AA and the AA transporters related gene expressions were highest in 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.05), whereas the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the small intestine increased in piglets from 1 to 21 d old (P < 0.05). Weaning at 14 d old increased (P < 0.05) the BUN and triglycerides levels in serum, as well as jejunal solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6), ileal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances at d 1 or 3 post-weaning. Weaning also inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) in the small intestine of weanling pigs. Oral administration of Put and Pro decreased (P < 0.05) serum ALP levels and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances and mTOR pathway phosphorylation levels in post-weaning pigs. Pro but not Put treatment enhanced (P < 0.05) serum Pro, arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) concentrations of weaning-pigs. These findings indicated that early-weaning dramatically altered the biochemical blood metabolites, AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity, and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs. Our study has an important implication for the broad application of Pro and Put in the weaning transition of piglets.