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提高经营环节兽药产品质量的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前经营环节的兽药产品合格率低于生产环节19个百分点。兽药经营企业规模小、数量多、质量管理水平差,基层管理部门监管能力不足。主要原因是假企业、假产品冲击市场,经营企业缺乏责任意识,对非法行为打击不力。通过完善配套法规、推行兽药GSP、监管重心后移、完善兽药监管信息系统等措施,兽药经营质量有望得到大的改善。 相似文献
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通过实行兽药不良反应报告制度,加强和完善兽药安全监管体系和配套的法律、法规建设,建立兽药召回制度有助于维护公众利益,确保消费者健康和企业建立良好的信用机制,保证兽药的安全有效性。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2017,(7)
兽药残留是指家禽在养殖过程中,出于预防或治疗疾病的目的违规使用兽用药品,造成最终的肉制品或蛋制品中药物残留超出国家标准的现象。原料、制剂和临床使用环节的监管不到位是造成兽药残留的主要原因,而临床使用是最需要监管的环节。我国需要建立兽药生产、销售和使用的长效监管机制,加强禽产品兽药残留超标的惩治力度,从根本上解决兽药残留引发的食品安全问题。 相似文献
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新修订的《兽药管理条例》于2004年11月1日实施以来,兽药监督管理工作进入一个新的规范化、法制化阶段。现就具体监管工作中发现的问题谈我们的看法。1《兽药经营质量管理规范》即GSP等配套规章不完善就具体的监管情况来看,当前的兽药市场还处于相对无序、混乱、低层次竞争的阶段。各兽药经营企业都没有进行规范化的管理,没有完整的“购销记录”,更没有制订正规的“兽药保管制度”、“兽药出入库制度”、“兽药验收制度”等。城乡结合部和广大农村多为个体兽药经营店或者夫妻店,不仅规模小,管理更是混乱,单纯地把兽药当做一般的商品来买卖。根据《兽药管理条例》,各级兽医行政主管部门必须对这些问题加强查处和整治,但在实际监管过程中,我们却遭遇了执法尴尬——《兽药管理条例》第二十五条明确规定:兽药经营企业,应当遵守国务院兽医行政管理部门制定的兽药经营管理规范。县级以上地方人民政府兽医行政管理部门,应当对兽药经营企业是否符合兽药质量经营管理规范的要求进行监督检查,并公布检查结果。《兽药经营质量管理规范》即GSP,是兽药经营企业经营兽药时应遵循的规范,也是各级兽医行政主管部门监督检查时应遵循的依据。但是新修订的《兽药管理条例》也只是对GSP作了... 相似文献
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兽药监管信息化是提高兽药监管效率、保障兽药产品质量的有效途径。以美国、加拿大和欧盟为例,重点回顾了国外兽药监管信息化主要进展。针对兽药产销全过程重要环节,归纳总结我国兽药产销全过程的审批、生产、流通、监督检验和追溯环节的信息化建设现状,以及我国兽药网络信息共享与应用取得的最新成效。对比分析国内外兽药产销全过程重要环节信息化建设差异,明晰了我国兽药监管信息化存在的主要问题,提出了我国兽药监管信息化发展方向及应对措施,为提高我国兽药监管信息化水平、实现兽药全过程追溯提供参考。 相似文献
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唐山市兽药流通管理方面的主要问题与对策 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
兽药流通环节存在的主要问题是假劣兽药进入市场。本文结合对兽药流通环节监督管理的工作实际,归纳了假劣兽药产品进入唐山市场的六个方面原因,分析了兽药流通管理方面存在的主要问题,从完善兽药管理法律法规、加强兽药监管队伍建设、强化兽药行政执法监管等方面,探讨提出了保证兽药经营环节产品质量的应对之策。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献