ESR基因多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究进展

雌激素受体是一种配体激活转录因子家族中的核酸受体,对动物的繁殖性能具有重要作用。雌激素广泛的生理作用必须通过雌激素受体介导才能发挥。研究ESR基因功能区的突变对其蛋白功能的影响,以及对哺乳动物繁殖性能的影响,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。因此在生产中探讨ESR基因多态性与生产性能的关系,从而达到提高动物的生产水平,成为人们越来越关注的问题。     

褪黑素对核苷酸结合寡聚域样受体蛋白3炎性小体的影响及其机制

随着畜牧业集约化生产水平的不断提高,动物炎症带来的经济损失逐渐受到重视。细胞表面Toll样受体(TLRs)可以通过活化胞浆内核转录因子-κB(NF-κB),诱导核苷酸结合寡聚域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体表达,加剧炎症反应。本文就NLRP3炎性小体与炎症疾病,褪黑素对TLRs、NF-κB和NLRP3炎性小体的作用以及炎症对动物生产的影响作一综述。     

家禽脂类代谢调控机理的研究进展

利用营养和分子生物学手段来调控家禽脂类代谢 ,有赖于对其机理的深入了解。本文详细讨论了脂蛋白转运体系在家禽脂类代谢中的作用。通过营养因素和激素水平调控脂蛋白的合成、组装、转运和降解可影响机体脂肪沉积及蛋黄的形成。低密度脂蛋白LDL -受体基因家族在家禽脂蛋白代谢的调控过程中发挥着至关重要的作用     

畜禽脂肪性状相关基因研究进展

脂肪不仅是动物能量的来源 ,也是影响肉质的一个较重要的因素。研究脂肪性状是畜禽肉质育种工作的一个重要方面。本文综述了与畜禽脂肪性状密切相关的肥胖基因 (ob)、肥胖受体 (OBR)、脂肪酸结合蛋白 (FABP)、脂蛋白脂酶 (LPL)、激素敏感脂酶 (HSL)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 (PPAR)、黑素皮质素受体 (MCR)和解偶联蛋白 (UCP)等基因的研究进展。     

利维爱(Livial)对动脉粥样硬化兔组织内雌激素受体和低密度脂蛋白受体的影响

以去势雌兔作为对照,用高胆固醇饮食法复制动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型,研究了利维爱(Livial)在防治兔动脉粥样硬化过程中对雌激素受体和低密度脂蛋白受体mRNA表达的影响。应用RT-PCR方法,β-actin做内参照,对各组去势雌兔心脏、肝脏组织内雌激素受体和低密度脂蛋白受体mRNA的表达进行了检测。结果,2种受体在兔心脏和肝脏内均有表达。对照组,雌激素受体在心脏、肝脏内的相对表达量分别为0.43±0.12、0.39±0.20;低密底脂蛋白受体在心脏、肝脏内的相对表达量分别为0.27±0.05、0.86±0.12,差异显著(P<0.001)。AS模型组,雌激素受体和低密度脂蛋白受体在心脏、肝脏内的相对表达量分别为0.29±0.03、0.27±0.06和0.04±0.01、0.17±0.02,2种受体的mRNA表达均比对照组降低,差异显著(P<0.001)。利维爱组(饲喂高胆固醇饲料同时给予利维爱),雌激素受体在心脏、肝脏内的相对表达量为0.41±0.09、0.36±0.06,与模型组相比表达量显著提高(P<0.001),与对照组表达量接近;低密度脂蛋白受体在心脏、肝脏内的相对表达量为0.04±0.02、0.18±0.04,与模型组比较未见显著变化。由此认为,组织内2种受体的mRNA表达量降低可促进动脉粥样硬化的发生;利维爱通过提高组织内雌激素受体mRNA的表达可防治AS的发生与发展,对低密度脂蛋白受体的mRNA表达影响较小。     

Toll样受体与益生菌免疫

Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是天然免疫反应中重要的细胞表面模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs),而益生菌在动物免疫中起着重要的作用,本文就TLRs的种类、配体类型和信号转导途径、益生菌的免疫作用、Toll样受体信号通路与益生菌的免疫作用的关系作简要综述。     

胃肠道饱感信号——Apolipoprotein A-IV的研究进展

阿朴脂蛋白A-IV(apoA-IV)作为一种载脂蛋白,是调节血浆脂蛋白代谢家族中最大的成员。在哺乳动物中,apoA-IV主要是由小肠绒毛上皮细胞在脂肪吸收时合成,然后通过刚合成的乳糜微粒表面进入循环。apoA-IV在人类和啮齿类动物肠道中广泛存在,主要由小肠和肝脏分泌,其合成和分泌受乳糜微粒合成、PYY、Leptin等多种因素的影响。并且其生理作用众多,除了调节小肠脂肪的吸收和乳糜微粒的组装,对动物摄食、胃排空及脂肪氧化等都有抑制作用,此外,还能增加低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的循环,减少动脉粥样硬化的进程等。文中仅对apoA-IV在小肠的合成和分泌的调控及其在摄食方面的作用进行综述。     

生长激素与生长激素受体基因的表达

在动物生长轴中，GH是调控动物生长发育的核心激素，它具有促生长作用。但GH发挥生理作用的第一步是与靶细胞膜表面的GH受体(GHR)结合，由GHR介导将信号传入细胞内从而产生一系列生理效应。在生理激素浓度下，GH 与GHR 以1／2相结合。在超生理激素浓度下，激素饱和了所有的受体分子形成1／1的复合物，阻止了受体二聚化和信息传递。当GH水平提高而GHR基因表达没改善时，不仅GH的作用不能完全发挥，而且可能因为GH过剩而产生负反馈调节，影响其他生理功能。这可能是某些促生长激素轴功能的添加剂在使用一段时间后效果减弱的原因之一。因此，在直接或间接提高GH水平的同时，应该提高GHR基因表达水平，才能最大限度发挥GH的作用。促进GHR基因表达有促进动物生长发育和发展的趋势，可使畜禽生产性能在较高水平的情况下再上新台阶。     

高脂蛋白血症大鼠模型的构建

通过实验研究建立大鼠高脂蛋白血症模型。取雄性SD大鼠采用腹腔注射维生素D3联合高脂乳剂喂养法建立大鼠高脂蛋白血症模型。造模24 d后测定大鼠血清中总胆固醇(T-CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及甘油三酯(TG),观察造模后各组大鼠肝脏组织变化。结果显示:高脂蛋白血症模型组与空白组比较大鼠血清中T-CHO、LDL-C和TG显著升高,HDL-C显著降低(p 0.01),模型组大鼠肝脏组织表面有明显脂肪粒。实验结果表明,腹腔注射维生素D3的联合高脂乳剂喂养法可以成功建立大鼠高脂蛋白血症模型。     

玫瑰花结试验类型及影响E-玫瑰花结试验的因素(综述)

玫瑰花结试验是体外检测人和动物细胞免疫功能的一种试验方法。首先由Coomb~s和Brain等人于七十年代初研究淋巴细胞表面抗原或抗原抗体复合物的受体时发现。所谓玫瑰花结,即淋巴细胞表面含有异种动物红细胞受体,当异种动物红细胞与淋巴细胞混合后,红细胞便非特异地粘附到淋巴细胞表面,形成玫瑰花状,称为红     

苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及肝脏细胞低密度脂蛋白受体、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及大鼠肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)胆固醇清除和转运途径中关键基因低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5(ABCG5)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG8)mRNA表达量的影响,从个体和细胞水平初步探讨苜蓿皂苷调控胆固醇清除和转运的分子机制。采用高脂饲粮建立大鼠高脂模型,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、高脂大鼠血清指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量]和肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响;采用高糖DMEM培养液建立BRL细胞脂变模型,测定苜蓿皂苷浓度对BRL细胞活性的影响,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、脂变细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠血清中TG、TC和LDL-C的含量(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常大鼠肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8及高脂大鼠ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05);3)添加200、250μg/m L苜蓿皂苷显著提高了BRL细胞的活性(P0.05);4)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常BRL细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞各基因mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,苜蓿皂苷可通过调控LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA的表达来增加肝细胞内胆固醇的清除和转运,从而降低机体胆固醇的含量。     

Effects of β‐hydroxybutyricacid on the synthesis and assembly of very low‐density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes in vitro

β‐Hydroxybutyricacid (BHBA) is an important metabolite that involved in the development of ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. Dairy cows with fatty liver displayed high blood concentration of BHBA and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly. The effects of BHBA on VLDL synthesis and assembly in hepatocytes of cows were unclear. In this study, bovine hepatocytes were cultured and treated with different concentrations of BHBA. We found that BHBA treatment upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB 100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and showed in a firstly increased and then decreased trend. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of LDLR showed in a reverse trend. Consequently, VLDL content was significantly increased in medium‐dose BHBA treatment group, while decreased in high‐dose group. These results indicate that the effects of BHBA on the VLDL synthesis showed in a dose‐dependent manner that low levels of BHBA increase VLDL synthesis and high levels of BHBA decrease VLDL synthesis.     

Comparative lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

This review summarizes a number of recent reports in several areas of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Absorption of dietary lipids, cholesterol synthesis, and biliary cholesterol metabolism are mentioned only briefly to be complete. Comparative aspects of lipoprotein metabolism, however, are detailed in an effort to integrate the myriad metabolic events which characterize these important lipid transport particles. Where comparative information is known, those aspects of lipoprotein metabolism that may be protective against atherogenesis in certain mammalian species are also described. Efforts to understand atherogenic resistance comparatively in animals lends a better understanding of the metabolic events leading to coronary artery disease in humans. They also provide an important basis for understanding lipid metabolism in numerous veterinary species.     

Host cholesterol synthesis contributes to growth of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages

The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii lacks the ability to synthesize sterol and scavenges cholesterol from the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway of its host to facilitate replication. Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, however, have a demonstrated anti-Toxoplasma effect. In this study, we examined the host mevalonate pathway as a novel source of cholesterol for T. gondii and its effects on parasite growth in macrophages. Parasite growth did not significantly change in the absence of LDLR or when LDL was exogenously supplemented. Lovastatin and compactin, both inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in the mevalonate pathway, significantly inhibited T. gondii growth in both wild-type and LDLR-knockout macrophages. Parasite growth was also suppressed by squalestatin, an inhibitor of squalene synthase, despite mevalonate producing isoprenoid intermediates in host cells. The present study demonstrates that lovastatin, compactin and squalestatin have anti-Toxoplasma activities and that the host cholesterol synthesis may contribute to parasite growth in macrophages.     

Serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters of Turkman horses

BACKGROUND: Lipid transport systems in animals have been evaluated both as experimental models for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans and to gain insight into the lipid metabolism of specific breeds. The Turkman horse is a pure-blooded horse that lives on the margins of the Caspian Basin; information about serum lipids and lipoproteins in this breed is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in clinically healthy Turkman horses. METHODS: Concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were determined in serum samples from 48 Turkman horses of both sexes and 0-12 years of age. Results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS: In both sexes and all age groups, the relative percentages of LDL-C (44.2-64.3%) were higher than those of HDL-C (29.7-47.1%) and VLDL-C (5.9-9.0%). Serum concentrations of TG and TC were significantly higher in male (0.45 +/- 0.12 mmol/L; 2.70 +/- 0.45 mmol/L) than in female (0.34 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; 2.15 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) horses in most age groups. The relative percentages of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins in electrophoretic tracings were 62.77 +/- 5.05% and 36.67 +/- 4.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum lipid and lipoprotein values in Turkman horses differ from those of other equine breeds, and may be useful for evaluating metabolic diseases in this species.     

去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响

[目的] 研究去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响。[方法] 将12只年龄、体重相近的中华田园犬分为非手术组和去势组,对去势组中华田园犬进行去势手术,观察并测定术前第1天、术后第14天、术后第21天血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量,以非手术组作为对照,分析去势术对雄性犬脂代谢的影响。[结果] 去势组与非手术组相比,血清中TG含量在第14天到第21天显著上升;血清中TC含量相比非手术组呈下降趋势;HDL第14天和第21天都低于非手术组;LDL都高于非手术组,整体呈上升趋势。[结论] 去势手术会影响雄性中华田园犬机体脂类代谢,会导致去势犬甘油三酯升高,总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白下降,低密度脂蛋白上升。     

中药复方对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇与脂蛋白的影响

[目的]在基础日粮的水平上添加中药复方,纯中药全程饲喂,对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇和脂蛋白含量进行测定,为该中药复方对保育阶段仔猪增强机体抵抗力,降低抗生素在畜牧业的应用,形成质量可靠的“无抗”猪肉提供帮助。[方法]试验选用80头（28±2）日龄、体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加1.5%、1.0%和0.5%的中药复方,试验期4周。试验结束第2天上午9：00空腹,前腔静脉采血,进行全血血常规指标测定。[结果]与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量均有升高,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量均有所下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中三酰甘油含量均有下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。[结论]在基础日粮中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量、高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高;保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量、三酰甘油含量均有降低。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

调理素的研究进展

简述了补体、抗体、C-反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白、甘露糖凝集素、表面活性蛋白、纤粘蛋白等七类调理素的研究,报道了新发现的调理素低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白,并对抗感染免疫学研究的新视角进行了展望。