两种常温固化木材胶粘剂胶接强度分析

对两种木材用常温固化胶粘剂--单宁-甲醛胶粘剂和聚氨酯胶粘剂胶接的速生杨木的静态剪切强度进行了测试与分析.研究结果表明,以速生杨I-72为被胶接对象,自制的双组分型单宁胶压缩剪切强度范围为8.08～8.92MPa,但木破率较低,要满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶规定,需进一步研究改进.相比较而言,聚氨酯胶粘剂的胶接强度较高,其压缩剪切强度值均在9.8MPa以上,木破率在75%以上,能够满足日本集成材JAS标准中用胶的规定.     

Durability of isocyanate resin adhesives for wood III: degradation under constant dry heating

The durability of isocyanate resins consisting of emulsion-type polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (EMDI) was investigated under constant dry heating. Two kinds of resin, water only-added resin and polyol/wateradded resin, were used in this study. The kinetic studies based on the weight losses of the resins were carried out by isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) at temperatures ranging from 260° to 320°C. The apparent activation energies of the resins were calculated for weight losses of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The values of apparent activation energy of the resins increased with increasing weight loss. The bond-strength reductions of the specimens bonded with the resins were observed at various temperatures from 120° to 180°C. The best-fitting regression function for the behavior of bond-strength reduction was determined statistically. The apparent activation energy of each resin was calculated from the regression function for the half-life period. According to the calculated values, the adhesion durability of polyol/wateradded resin was superior to that of water only-added resin. To speculate on the changes in weight loss and the chemical structure of the resins in the glue lines under dry heating, changes in the cured resins were also observed.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, 1999     

Durability of isocyanate resin adhesives for wood IV: degradation under constant steam heating

The durability of isocyanate resins consisting of emulsion-type polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (EMDI) was investigated under constant steam heating. Two kinds of resin, water only-added resin and polyol/water-added resin, were used in this study. The degradation of the resins under steam heating was observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), weight changes, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR analysis showed that the degradation reaction of the resins scarcely proceeded for a few hours and then increased significantly. The weights of the resins decreased linearly during steam heating. The thermal stability of steam-treated resins was made clear by TGA. The bond strength reductions of the specimens bonded with the resins were also observed. The best fitting regression function for the behavior of bond strength reduction was determined statistically. The apparent activation energy of each resin was calculated from the regression function, for the half-life period. Considering the calculated values, the adhesion durability of using polyol-added resin was superior to that of using water only-added resin. It was clarified that the durability of the isocyanate resins under steam heating was markedly inferior to that under dry heating.Part of this paper was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, 2000     

Effect of polyol on thermo-oxidative degradation of isocyanate resin for wood adhesives

The thermo-oxidative degradation of various polyol-added isocyanate resins for wood adhesives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The degradation of the resin cured with water began at 150°C. When a certain polyol was added to the resin at an NCO/OH ratio of 25 in addition to water, the cured resin began to degrade at 200°C. To clarify the cause of the good thermal stability in polyol-added resins, the effect of various polyols on the reactivity of isocyanate was investigated. It was found that the reactivity of isocyanate was enhanced by the addition of a dipropylene glycol and glycerin-type polyols. In addition, the effect of the NCO/ polyol-OH ratio was investigated using dipropylene glycoltype polyol. The reactivity of isocyanate increased with increasing polyol content. The thermal stability of the resin was improved to a certain degree by addition of a small amount of the polyol but deteriorated when a large amount of the polyol was added.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

Durability of isocyanate resin adhesives for wood I: Thermal properties of isocyanate resin cured with water

The thermal properties of isocyanate (IC) resin cured with water were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties of cured phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin were also studied for comparison purposes. The DMA specimens were prepared using a unique technique. The relation between the mechanical and chemical changes of the resin during DMA was clarified. The cured PF resin had better thermal stability than the IC resin cured with water. The improvement of thermal stability in cured IC resin by heat treatment was considered to be less effective. The effect of the heating rate on the mechanical properties was also investigated. The apparent activation energy in the thermal degradation of cured IC resin was calculated based on the results obtained.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

Development of LVL frame structures using glued metal plate joints I: bond quality and joint performance of LVL-metal joints using epoxy resins

Bond quality and joint performance between laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and metal plates were investigated. Commercially fabricated LVL made of Douglas fir veneer and bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin as well as three types of epoxy adhesives were used. Various surface preparations and treatments were applied to ordinary steel, stainless steel, and aluminum plates to remove the weak boundary layer that is incompatible with the resin and form a stable adherend layer that is chemically and mechanically compatible with the resin. Small specimens were tested in shear to search the most suitable metal surface for bonding with LVL. Generally, shear strength obtained for the specimens bonded with aluminum plates was lower than those bonded with ordinary steel plates. Among them chemically treated (ChT) and roughened (R) surfaces have demonstrated superior performance. To investigate strength performance and bond quality, LVL beams jointed with metal plates were tested while bending. The best results were obtained for specimens bonded with zinccoated metal plates, though good results were obtained also for ChT and R plates. However, the fracture proved to be fragile when no drift pins were used, even for high-performance surface treatments. The usage of drift pins was necessary to add toughness and avoid the brittle status of the fracture.     

加快绿色化,迎接新世纪

在知识经济走向我们的时代,木材胶粘剂必须加快绿色化,成为生态材料,进入高技术产业行列。在我国,下世纪前十年内,低毒脲醛肢将成为主流产品;现用树脂胶的改性技术日益成熟,如三聚氰胺改性脲醛（ＭＵＦ）、苯酚改性脲醛（ＰＵＦ）等;利用天然资源制造的可降解胶粘剂用量提高,如木素胶、单宁胶、豆蛋白胶等;室温固化型胶粘剂品种增加,新产品用胶不断出现,如异氰酸酯等。另外,集科研、开发、生产于一体的专业胶粘剂产业将较快增长。     

大豆基胶粘剂生产环保竹地板的工艺研究

研究了大豆基胶粘剂的热学性能,以及陈化时间、施胶量和热压工艺对竹地板性能的影响,结果表明,以陈化时间1h,施胶量200 g/m2为宜,较佳的热压工艺参数为热压温度145℃,热压时间2.5 min/mm,热压正压力4 MPa,产品性能达到竹地板的国家标准要求,且甲醛释放量为0.07 mg/L,达到日本F标准.     

用MS—03改性三聚氰胺树脂改善模压木制品耐水性的研究

本文阐述了在脲醛树脂中加入MS—03改性三聚氰胺树脂的方法,此法可以降低模压木制品的吸水厚度膨胀,提高产品的耐水性,使所得制品适用于我国南方湿热地区。     

木质板材用热熔胶线标准介绍

介绍了林业行业标准LY/T 1977-2011《木质板材用热熔胶线》的主要内容.该标准结合木质板材用热熔胶线的生产工艺提出了相关技术要求及相应检测方法,以确保对木质板材用热熔胶线的性能评价标准化、规范化,从而充分发挥该标准指导及规范生产的作用.     

Durability of isocyanate resin adhesives for wood V: changes of color and chemical structure in photodegradation

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on the color and chemical structure of water-cured polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) was investigated using a UV long-life fade meter. Control treatment was performed without UV light irradiation using a thermohygrostat for comparison. Two kinds of resin were used in this study: that to which only water had been added, and resin to which a small amount of polyol and water had been added. In addition, lauan (Shorea spp.) wood was used as a reference. The photodegradation of the resins over a period of up to 300 h was observed using a colorimeter and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. When the resins were treated with UV light, the color difference (ΔE ^* ab) of the resins increased signifi cantly in a short time, and then reached a near-constant value. For lightness, L ^* decreased rapidly for a few hours and then decreased gradually. The color darkened compared with that of the wood used. When treatment was performed without UV light irradiation, ΔE ^* ab and ΔL ^* of the resins showed negligible change. Based on the results of FT-IR analysis, severe degradation such as cleavage of the main chemical bond was hardly observed under UV light irradiation irrespective of the type of resin. Part of this report was presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Sapporo, Japan, and at the 6th International Wood Science Symposium, Bali, Indonesia     

The Degradation of Particleboard Strength

AlthoughPFresinsaregeneralIyrecognizedtobemuchdurablcthanUFresins,thcreisnotaclcardifferencebetwCcnparticlebordsbondedwiththesetwoadriesives.Infact,anumberofresearchcrshavefoundUFresinbondedparticleboardsandPFresinbondedparticleboardstodisplaythesimilarsh…     

水基聚氨酯胶粘剂在集成材生产中的应用

讨论了水基聚氨酯木材胶粘剂的反应机理和影响其胶接性能的主要因素，进行了ＳＲ－１００木材结构胶制备集成材的应用试验。结果表明：该胶用于针叶材云杉和阔叶材水曲柳、榆木、柞木，所制得集成材的粘接性能达到结构用集成材的指标要求，为生产结构集成材提供技术依据。     

核桃壳苯酚液化及其产物树脂化制备木材胶黏剂的研究

采用硫酸催化剂,考察了苯酚与核桃壳质量比等条件对核桃壳液化的影响。结果表明相同液化条件下,随着苯酚与核桃壳质量比从2∶1升至5∶1,残渣率从26.49%降至6.60%;随着浓硫酸加入量从2%增至4%、反应时间从5 min延至120 min、反应温度从100℃增至150℃,残渣率则分别从20.79%降至10.48%、48.84%降至15.62%、28.86%降至9.39%,游离酚含量分别从17.32%降至12.67%、41.71%降至10.25%、21.94%降至14.33%。同时,液化产物重均相对分子质量(MW)可降至706~1 030、分散度可降至1.04~1.25;液化产物中高相对分子质量部分随着苯酚与核桃壳质量比的增加有所降低,但随着浓硫酸加入量、液化反应时间和温度的增加而有所增加;核桃壳液化产物/苯酚/甲醛共缩聚树脂胶黏剂(WPF)与传统酚醛树脂胶黏剂(PF)的对比表明,WPF的胶接强度可达1.33 MPa,可作为胶合板用胶黏剂。     

木质纤维素及其组分转化木材胶粘剂的发展趋势

木质素是造纸工业废液中的主要成分。其具有和酚醛树脂相似的结构, 因此可以部分替代苯酚用于酚醛树脂的生产。但是由于木质素化学结构复杂, 具有化学反应活性的位点少、反应官能团所收到的空间位阻大, 一般添加量不超过10%~20%。有机溶剂法制浆分离的木质素分子量大, 纯度高, 酚醛树脂允许的添加量可达20%~30%, 但是要求提高固化温度、延长固化时间来克服木质素反应活性低的限制。对木质素进行化学改性如羟甲基化、酚解、醇解、还原等, 可以降低分子量, 增加活性基团如酚羟基的含量、并使苯环上更多的活性位点暴露出来, 从而提高木质素的化学反应活性。酚醛树脂经过改性木质素的允许的添加量可达30%~40%。部分木质素含量高的木质纤维素类原料如核桃壳粉等, 经过研磨和化学活化处理后可以直接添加到酚醛树脂中, 部分替代苯酚而不对胶接性能产生影响。环碳酸酯类和多元醇混合物被用来作为全新的液化剂来把木质纤维素快速液化为有用的化学原料。所得到的液化产物具有较高的反应活性, 是今后利用木质纤维素开发绿色木材胶粘剂的一条可资利用的途径。     

Comparison of protein-based adhesive resins for wood composites

The search for new value-added uses for oilseed and animal proteins led us to develop protein-based wood adhesives. Low-fat soy and peanut flours and blood meal were hydrolyzed in an alkaline state, and PF-cross-linked protein resins were formulated by reacting the protein hydrolyzates with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) in solid-tosolid ratios ranging from 70% to 50% hydrolyzates and 30% to 50% PF. Physical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) bonded with protein-based phenolic resins were compared to those of boards bonded with ureaformaldehyde (UF) and PF resins, and flakeboard bonded with soy protein-based phenolic resin was compared to PF-bonded board. As MDF binders, adhesive properties of protein-based phenolic resins depended upon protein content of proteinacious materials. MDF board bonded with blood-based phenolic resin was comparable to PF-bonded board and met the requirements for exterior MDF. Boards bonded with soy-protein-based phenolic resin met requirements for interior MDF, while peanut-based phenolic failed to meet some of the requirements. Flakeboard bonded with soy-protein-based phenolic resins was inferior to PF-bonded board but outperformed PF-bonded board in accelerated aging tests. Although they exhibit a slow curing rate, the cost effectiveness and superior dimensional stability of protein-based phenolic resins may make them attractive for some uses.     

萜烯树脂乳液在水基复膜胶中的应用

用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)乳液、萜烯树脂乳液和阳离子型苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺共聚物研制了系列水基复膜胶,并考察了萜烯树脂乳液中乳化剂结构对复膜胶性能的影响。研究结果表明,作为交联剂的阳离子型苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺共聚物可大幅提高EVA乳液的黏度和剥离强度,其最佳加入量为0.5%(以EVA乳液的固形物为基准)。萜烯树脂乳液与EVA乳液的质量比值为0.3时,复膜胶的剥离强度最大。由高分子表面活性剂(HS-2)制得的萜烯树脂乳液增加复膜胶剥离强度的效果最好。     

不同胶粘剂在毛竹和杉木表面的润湿性

通过渗透扩散系数来评价胶粘剂在试材表面的湿润性能,研究酚醛树脂胶(PF)、聚异氰酸酯胶(PM D I)、双组分聚异氰酸酯乳液型胶粘剂(EP I)和脲醛树脂胶(U F)4种胶粘剂分别在毛竹和杉木表面的接触角及渗透扩散速率变化规律.结果表明:4种胶粘剂在毛竹表面的润湿性均小于杉木,在毛竹竹青上的润湿性小于竹黄;对于同一毛竹或杉木表面,PM D I胶的润湿性最好,而EP I胶较差,PF、U F介于二者之间.     

木质废料/无机胶黏剂刨花板的制备及其阻燃性能研究

以废旧建筑模板和家具为原料,使用环保型无机胶黏剂制备刨花板。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察刨花板的微观形貌,同时利用量热仪、氧指数测定仪、同步热分析仪等评价板材的阻燃性及热稳定性。结果表明:当板材密度为0.95g/cm^3时,除24h吸水厚度膨胀率外,其余物理力学性能均符合国标中的P3型刨花板要求;SEM观察到无机胶黏剂包覆刨花,填充板材孔隙,使板材物理力学强度大幅提高;选择氯化镁为固化剂,当表层/芯层刨花的固化剂用量为4.5%/5.0%时,压制的密度为0.95g/cm^3的刨花板,其氧指数为31%,具有较好阻燃性能。     

Tests for outdoor window profiles: 90° mortise tenon corner joints strength assessment

The research focuses on the assessment of the performances of glued laminated wood corner joints for outdoor window profiles applications, proposing a methodology to appreciate the strength of 90° tenon mortise corner joints. The rationale relies on the potential damage (i.e. breaking of the frame) that can be caused by poor glueing processes and/or typology of adhesives. There is a number of standards for assessment of wood-adhesive bonds for outdoor windows; however, there is a lack of specific standards related to glueing assessment for outdoor wood frames, which can take into account all the factors influencing the glueing quality. The proposed methodology was tested on red oak window profiles. A commercially available polyvinyl acetate-based adhesive was used for corner joints. Bending strength of 90° tenon mortise corner joints was measured and compared with maximum admissible loads on the frame to limit its deformations within admissible ranges. The test results show that the 90° tenon mortise corner joints strength exceeds the admissible load to preserve the functionality of the frame. In order to appreciate the influence of conditioning processes on adhesion, shear strength tests of the flatwise glued joint samples (bond lines of lamellae) were carried out after different conditioning processes.