根系加温技术对温室观赏桃生长的影响

以2年生观赏桃"迎春"、"元春"为试材,以不加温处理为对照,将根系加温技术引入温室观赏桃生产中,研究了根系加温对温室观赏桃花期、花质等的影响,以解决目前观赏桃温室生产中先叶后花,影响花期、观赏效果的问题。结果表明:根系加温处理提高了观赏桃栽培基质温度,对温室内气温没有明显影响;使花期提前10d以上,缩短花期2d,延长了可观赏期1d以上,花朵直径增大,且始花期、花期、观赏期、花朵直径指标差异极显著;减少了单株花期新梢数量,降低了新梢总长度;促进了根系生长,新根数量和长度显著增加,根系活力提高。试验表明根系加温有效解决了温室观赏桃生产中先叶后花的问题,提高了观赏桃的观赏效果,根系加温技术值得在温室观赏桃生产中推广应用。     

红叶碧桃流胶病探析

红叶碧桃因其花、叶、果都能观赏,而且栽培简易,故南北园林绿化中应用较多。但由于流胶病的发生,红叶碧桃树木生长衰弱,影响开花和观赏,发生严重时,可引起部分枝枯,甚至全株死亡,本文主要介绍了红叶碧桃流胶病的发生与防治。     

跳枝碧桃花色性状的全基因组关联分析

跳枝碧桃(Prunus persicaf.versicolor)在同一植株上可产生二色花和嵌合花,具有很高的观赏价值.以南京3个观赏桃集中分布区的57株跳枝碧桃为材料,利用简单重复序列(SSR)标记研究其遗传背景.通过PCR扩增,筛选出6对多态性引物,共计扩增出17个多态性条带,平均有效等位基因2.83个.SSR标记基...     

观赏扁桃品种乌兹别克2号在洛阳的引种栽培试验

扁桃又名巴旦杏,蔷薇科李亚科桃属植物,是世界上著名的干果和木本油料树种,种仁营养价值极高,是不可多得的滋补佳品及防止高血压等心血管疾病的重要药材,其花朵艳丽,花桃红色,叶色翠绿,树姿优美,观赏效果与桃、碧桃相似.     

鲜食观赏兼用的15瓣桃

食用桃花皆５瓣，花形较单薄；碧桃花多为重瓣，可惜不能结果；寿星桃属矮化种，花形有单有双并能结实，有一定的观赏价值，但桃小核大口味不佳。园艺界一直在筛选观赏鲜食兼用的良种桃。笔者在生产中选出既可生产鲜果，又可观赏的１５个花瓣的重花桃，粉色的暂名特选粉二...     

碧桃的花后管护要点

碧桃是重要的早春观花树,以其花期长．花色艳丽而深受喜爱。但住实际工作中,往往由于疏忽了花后的管理而导致其生长不旺盛,影响夏秋的花芽分化,降低来年的观赏效果。现将其花后管理的儿个要点介绍如下。     

碧桃日光温室催花技术

碧桃花态别致 ,色泽艳丽 ,花型大 ,开花繁茂 ,花期长 ,是春节花市中重要的商品花卉 ,有可观的经济效益和社会效益。但由于入棚升温时间的差异 ,不能按预定花期开放 ,降低了商品价值 ,给种植者带来一定经济损失 ,为此于 1999～ 2 0 0 1年 ,对碧桃花的催花技术进行了试验 ,取得了一些碧桃品种日光温室花期调控技术的经验 ,现将试验结果总结如下。1　基本情况　试验在河北神农农业高新技术有限公司示范园进行 ,该地年平均温度 13.5℃ ,1月份平均气温 - 2 .2℃ ,≥ 10℃的年有效积温 4 5 76ｈ ,年日照时数 2 5 2 6ｈ ,无霜期 2 0 0天 ,供试品种…     

观赏桃的花期调控

<正>桃,属蔷薇科梅属的落叶乔木,先花后叶,为观花观果的优良树种。桃枝娇花美、绚丽多姿、果实鲜艳、风味浓郁,极得人们的喜爱和推崇。众所周知,桃的自然花期是3～4月。在实际生产中,为了满足人们在春节、"五一"等时间的观赏需求,常利用特殊的调控措施。使桃改变自然花期,按需要在设定的时间开放。生产中为方便操作,进行花     

色彩艳丽的碧桃

碧桃是十分娇艳而又非常普遍的花木。桃树在漫长的人工栽培过程里,人们根据自己的需要,培育出果实鲜美的食用桃和花朵美丽的观赏桃两大系统。碧桃就是人们经过几千年的选择产生的著名“花桃”。     

蔗糖对碧桃花枝催花效果的影响

对碧桃的花枝催花研究试验表明:浓度为3%~9%的蔗糖均能促进碧桃的花枝开花并延长其瓶插寿命,其中以浓度为7%的蔗糖处理瓶插观赏效果最好。浓度过低催花效果不显著,浓度过高的处理随着浓度的升高而效果降低。     

低需冷量早花观赏桃品种‘元春’

 ‘元春’是‘满天红’（Prunus persica Batsch.）ב白花山碧桃’（P. davidiana Franch）的杂交后代中的96-6-27单株经自然杂交实生,通过对种子冷藏处理,温室育苗获得的优良观赏桃品种。花朵红色,鲜艳美丽。需冷量550 h,需热量低,开花较早,能弥补早春红色桃花的空挡,适合保护地栽培,能顺利地在春节前开放;在露地栽培可以作为早红品种。     

低需冷量早花观赏桃品种‘报春’

 ‘报春’是以‘满天红’（Prunus persica Batsch）ב白花山碧桃’（P. davidiana Franch）为亲本,通过对杂交后代种子进行胚培养获得的优良观赏桃品种。花朵粉红色,鲜艳美丽,重瓣,最大的特点是需冷量少,需热量也少,开花早,节间短,开花密集,适合保护地栽培。     

不同需冷量桃休眠相关DAM基因表达特性及激素调控的响应分析

以"南山甜桃"(需冷量200 h)、"瑞光51号"(需冷量400 h)和"春美"(需冷量600 h)为试材,从大量落叶期开始至花芽萌动期间,约每15 d采样一次,RT-PCR分析DAM基因在不同冷量积累时期花芽中的表达量,PLC-MS-MS测定相同时期吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZT)含量变化,以期了解不同需冷量桃休眠过程中DAM基因的表达特性及激素的调控机理。结果表明:DAM基因在不同需冷量桃休眠过程中的表达趋势一致,随着休眠的深入,"春美"中DAM基因的表达水平呈先升后降趋势;"南山甜桃"和"瑞光51号"在进入休眠期以后DAM基因表达水平急剧下降,与低温积累量呈负相关。"春美"中DAM基因表达量明显高于"瑞光51号"和"南山甜桃"。"春美"中DAM基因表达水平比"南山甜桃"和"瑞光51号"开始下调约晚30 d,但"瑞光51号"和"南山甜桃"中DAM基因下调的时间一致。IAA、ZT在不同需冷量桃休眠过程中的含量变化差异不显著,ABA含量变化差异显著,可能在休眠解除过程中起重要调控作用。     

Changes in sugar and organic acid concentrations during fruit maturation in peaches,P. davidiana and hybrids as analyzed by principal component analysis

Changes during fruit maturation in sugar and acid concentrations were determined and compared for cultivated peaches (cv. Summergrand and Zéphir), P. davidiana and their unselected BC₂ genotypes. Cultivated peaches, P. davidiana as well as BC₂ genotypes followed similar changes in sucrose, citric acid, quinic acid and shikimic acid during fruit maturation. Sucrose increased until maturity; citric acid increased then fell; quinic acid and shikimic acid declined at maturity. There were very large differences in changes of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malic acid during fruit maturation among the parents and BC₂ genotypes studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe temporal changes for complex traits and analyze the relationship between parents and BC₂ genotypes. In young immature fruits malic acid, quinic acid and shikimic acid concentrations were high then declined. Citric acid concentration peaked at intermediate maturities while mature fruits were characterized by increased sugar concentrations, especially sucrose. According to main PCA score planes, no BC₂ genotype was identical to ‘Summergrand’, ‘Zéphyr’ or P. davidiana parents. BC₂ genotypes were much closer to the cultivated peaches than to P. davidiana.     

Effects of high-humidity storage on quality,decay and storage life of cherry,lemon and peach fruits

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) ‘Lambert’ and ‘Blackboy’), lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. ‘Lisbon’) and peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, ‘Summerset’) were stored at 77–83, 90–94 and 95–99% RH (high humidity) at near-optimal storage temperatures after harvest and treatment with fungicides. High-humidity storage did not increase the storage life of peaches held at 0°C, but the life expectancy of cherries (both cultivars) was extended by 7–10 days at 0°C, and of lemons by at least 4 weeks at 10°C when fruit were stored at 95–99% RH compared with levels below 95%. The beneficial effects of high humidity were attributed to retardation of peel desiccation and associated reductions in fruit deformation, peel de-greening, chilling-injury and decay in lemons and to the maintenance of a fresher stalk and a firmer, less shrivelled fruit in cherries. High humidity had no effect on decay in cherries or peaches, but it significantly reduced weight loss and delayed the appearance of shrivel in peaches stored at 0°C. However, after storage at high humidity for 4 weeks, peaches ripened with low rates of C₂H₄ evolution and showed severe low-temperature injury, slight peeling-injury and a poor flavour ex-store.     

单性结实与自花结实柑橘果实发育中钙钾动态的研究

 对单性结实的‘国庆1 号’温州蜜柑和自花结实的‘华农本地早’橘从开花前子房发育至果实成熟采收期整个子房或幼果及果实的不同部位(果皮和果肉) 的钙与钾含量变化进行了测定。结果表明:1) ‘国庆1 号’花前及花期子房钙含量较高, 花后趋降; 而其钾含量在花前及花期相对较低, 花后上升;2) ‘华农本地早’花前子房钙含量相对较低, 花后有一上升过程; 而对应钾在花前及花期就已很高, 花后下降; 3) 两品种果肉的钙含量自花后65 d 后均呈下降趋势, 而‘国庆1 号’果皮的钙含量在花后80 d 有一显著上升, 对应的‘华农本地早’在花后125 d 才急剧增加, 之后直至果实成熟二者均维持在较高水平;4) 两品种果皮、果肉的钾含量在果实发育过程中均呈类似的下降趋势。     

早中熟耐贮运桃新品种‘霞脆’

 ‘霞脆’是以‘雨花2号’和‘77．1_6’杂交育成的早中熟耐贮运桃新品种，在南京地区7月初成熟，果实生育期95 d左右。果实近圆形，外观着色好，平均单果质量165 g，最大300 g，果肉白色，不溶质，耐贮运，粘核。     

观赏用文冠果新品种‘妍华’

‘妍华’是从内蒙古自治区赤峰市文冠果实生群体中选育出的新品种。花瓣初开时基部为柠檬黄色,边缘有少量白色,盛开后整个花瓣变为浅粉色,布满纵向细条纹。遗传性状稳定。具有一定观赏价值。包头地区5月初始花,5月15日进入盛花期。可在中国东北、西北、华北地区广泛栽植。     

外源硅对不同砧木嫁接黄瓜果面蜡粉和硅吸收及相关基因表达的影响

为探明砧木影响嫁接黄瓜果面蜡粉形成的机制以及与外源硅的关系,以‘山农5号’黄瓜为接穗,‘云南黑籽南瓜’(去蜡粉能力弱)和‘黄诚根2号’南瓜(去蜡粉能力强)为砧木进行嫁接,采用水培法,研究营养液中添加硅与否对黄瓜硅吸收、硅转运蛋白相关基因表达和果实表面蜡粉形成的影响。结果表明:加硅显著提高了‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜和自根黄瓜果面蜡粉量及各器官硅含量,但加硅后‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜的果面蜡粉量和各器官硅含量均较低,与不加硅条件下的嫁接和自根黄瓜相近;加硅处理后‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因Cm Lsi1、Cm Lsi2-1、Cm Lsi2-2和Cm Lsi3的表达量均高于‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜苗;随着硅处理时间延长,‘云南黑籽南瓜’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因表达下调,而‘黄诚根2号’嫁接黄瓜苗根系中硅转运蛋白基因的表达同样下调。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.