纳米银预处理对麝香百合切花的保鲜效应研究

以麝香百合‘白天堂’为试材,研究了新型抗菌剂纳米银(Nano-silver,NS)处理对麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum)切花的保鲜效应。结果表明:用5～20mg/L NS溶液预处理麝香百合切花茎基端24h后再瓶插于去离子水中,可延长切花的瓶插寿命,并延缓花瓣和叶片的失水萎蔫、改善花枝的水分吸收和延缓花枝的鲜重损失,其中以10mg/L NS预处理效果最佳。进一步试验表明,10～20mg/L NS溶液对麝香百合切花采后易于滋生的假单孢菌属菌(Pseudomonassp.)、肠杆菌属菌(Enterobacter sp.)、鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)和木糖氧化产碱菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans)等4种主要病原菌生长有显著的抑制作用。     

不同发育时期牡丹切花瓶插生理特性的研究

对不同发育时期牡丹切花采后的瓶插生理特性以及保鲜液的调控效应进行了研究。结果表明：蒸馏水（对照）瓶插牡丹切花,从露色期到盛开期随着开放级别的升高瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期相应缩短,保鲜液能够延长瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期,提高最大花径和花枝鲜样质量;牡丹切花瓶插期间花枝吸水量和失水量持续下降,水分平衡值在瓶插1 d 达到最大,保鲜液能够改善花枝的水分状况,延迟水分平衡值趋于0 的时间,瓶插期水分平衡值降为零的时间与瓶插寿命呈显著的正相关。牡丹切花的适宜采收期为绽口期到初开期,保鲜液能够改善切花的观赏品质。     

环保型保鲜液在家庭瓶插百合保鲜中的应用

以百合"黄天霸"为试材,以蔗糖、葡萄糖、酒精、NaCl、阿司匹林及维生素C等家庭常用原料配置不同保鲜液,研究不同保鲜液组合对百合"黄天霸"切花瓶插效果的影响。结果表明:各保鲜液处理均可不同程度地延长切花瓶插寿命,提高观赏价值,其中以P7处理(水+葡萄糖20g/L+维生素C 100mg/L)保鲜效果最好;维生素C可明显推迟开花,且使花苞增大,叶片保持绿色时间较长;NaCl可以适当延长百合切花的盛花期,进而延长瓶插寿命;添加0.5%的酒精能够使花径增大;添加阿司匹林能使花期提前,且明显延长盛花期。     

糖酒液对家庭瓶插“西伯利亚”百合保鲜效果影响

以东方百合“西伯利亚”切花为试材,以啤酒、白酒、红糖、白糖为保鲜剂,研究了不同浓度的保鲜剂对西伯利亚百合瓶插寿命、切花最大花径形成、花枝鲜质量变化率的影响.结果表明:0.1％啤酒溶液能显著延长百合切花的保鲜寿命,促进花径增大,提高切花观赏价值.啤酒溶液对百合切花的保鲜效果优于白酒,其次是红糖溶液,白糖的保鲜效果不明显.     

非洲菊切花家庭瓶插液的研究

通过测定非洲菊瓶插寿命、花枝鲜重、水分平衡值、切花观赏值,初步探讨了不同浓度的蔗糖和洗洁精瓶插液对非洲菊切花保鲜的影响。结果表明：自来水瓶插的切花最易发生花梗折断或枯黄弯梗;只采用蔗糖作为瓶插液的切花管状花瓣易发霉;只采用洗洁精瓶插液的切花最外轮花瓣易失水变软;两种保鲜剂的最佳组合为：1.5％洗洁精＋2％蔗糖。     

B9和6-BA对黄姜花切花保鲜效果的研究

以黄姜花切花为试材,研究了不同浓度的B9与6-BA保鲜液对黄姜花切花在瓶插期间的鲜重变化率、瓶插寿命的影响。结果表明:添加B9或6-BA的保鲜液能使花枝的鲜重变化率下降变缓,延长切花的瓶插寿命,提高黄姜花切花瓶插的观赏品质。其中以处理10 mg/L 6-BA的保鲜液的保鲜效果最佳,其次为处理300 mg/L B9的保鲜液,均比对照瓶插寿命延长4 d。     

壳聚糖对“西伯利亚”百合切花保鲜效应研究

以自来水、蔗糖、8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)和柠檬酸不添加量为保鲜液的基本配方,分别加入不同浓度的羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)制成鲜切花保鲜剂,对“西伯利亚”百合切花进行瓶插试验.通过观察测量瓶插百合鲜切花外观品质、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和膜透性等形态指标和生理指标,以期明确壳聚糖对百合鲜切花的保鲜效应.结果表明:添加了不同浓度.CMCS的各处理都能明显延长百合鲜切花的瓶插寿命,尤其以添加0.10 g/L CMCS的处理3保鲜效果最好,能明显延迟花朵开放、保持切花水分平衡、抑制呼吸高峰、平衡细胞膜相对透性,使百合鲜切花瓶插寿命长达15 d,比基本配方瓶插寿命延长7d,比自来水对照延长8d.     

保鲜液对蝴蝶兰切花保鲜生理效应的研究

以蝴蝶兰“红龙”品种为试材,研究了不同预处理液和保鲜液组合对蝴蝶兰鲜切花瓶插寿命的生理影响.结果表明:经硫代硫酸银(STS)预处理再置保鲜液中处理后的蝴蝶兰切花寿命与花枝鲜重指标均有明显改观,其中以STS浓度为2.0mmol/L预处理1.5h+保鲜液(2％蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQS+25 mg/L硝酸银)为最佳配方,该保鲜液有利于延长蝴蝶兰切花瓶插寿命,延缓鲜重与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低的速度,减缓脯氨酸含量的升高,此条件下蝴蝶兰的瓶插寿命最长可延长26.75 d.     

蜡梅切花的采后保鲜技术研究

以‘金罄口’蜡梅切枝为试材，对供试切枝进行一系列观赏指标的观测、记录，研究了不同预处理液、低温储藏时间及不同蔗糖浓度的保鲜液对蜡梅切花保鲜效果的影响，以期延长蜡梅切花的采后寿命。结果表明：1-MCP的熏气处理和传统的预处理液，对蜡梅的瓶插质量均有一定的提高，花枝衰老速度均低于清水对照，花枝开花率、完全开花率和最大花径明显提高，1-MCP与预处理液的复合结合即1 000 nL·L^-1 1-MCP熏气+70 g·L^-1蔗糖+7 mg·L^-1 6-BA+200 mg·L^-1 8-HQC预处液显示出了良好的作用，有效延长蜡梅切花寿命4 d,提高开花率10%,延长瓶插花枝的盛花时间；预处理措施能有效地延长蜡梅的采后冷藏时间7 d左右，并对冷藏25 d以上的蜡梅花枝的开花率和最大花径有明显的提高作用；0.2～1.0 g·L^-1的蔗糖保鲜液对蜡梅的采后瓶插均有良好的促进作用，延长了瓶插寿命，提高了开花率，一定程度上增大了花的最大直径，尤以0.2 g·L^-1的蔗糖保鲜液表...     

Zn~(2+)对百合鲜切花保鲜效应的研究

以"西伯利亚"百合为供试材料,研究了4种不同浓度Zn~(2+)及Ag~+对切花百合的瓶插寿命、花径、切花鲜重变化率、切花水分平衡值、花瓣pH值、细胞膜相对透性的影响。结果表明:处理1(锌离子浓度为20mg/L)较其他处理可延长百合切花的瓶插寿命,延迟花朵开放,减少水分和营养物质损失,保持切花水分平衡,减缓花瓣pH值上升的幅度,平衡细胞膜相对透性。     

空气湿度对东方百合生长和切花品质的影响

 以东方百合(Lilium spp. ) 品种‘凝视星空’和‘巴希亚布兰卡’为材料, 种植于温室进行不同湿度栽培试验, 设置60%、75%和90%相对湿度水平。结果表明: 湿度对两个东方百合品种的植株生长和发育有显著影响, 高湿度增加了叶面积, 但是推迟了开花期, 缩短了切花瓶插寿命, 加速了叶片衰老。高湿度下气孔增大, 密度减小, 叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率提高, 气孔在叶片失水后的反应迟钝, 关闭速度慢于低湿度下生长的叶片。高湿度下植株茎流也慢, 水分吸收少于低湿度植株。高湿度下生长的百合切花在瓶插期发生了纸叶病。     

唐菖蒲切花采后微生物变化与衰老关系的初步研究

探讨了唐菖蒲切花采后瓶插时微生物的变化及与切花衰老的关系.经唐菖蒲切花瓶插液和茎切口的微生物分离培养,发现微生物发生以细菌为主,真菌数量少,瓶插第7天才检测出少量,放线菌未检出.细菌繁殖速度快,呈先升后降的趋势,与切花衰老成正相关,主要来自于切口处的伤口感染.纯化培养鉴定后保存6株主要菌株.     

纳米银对瓶插月季切花乙烯作用的拮抗效应

 以月季‘影星’（Rosa hybrida‘Movie Star’）切花为试材,用5、10和30 mg · L^-1纳米银（nano-silver,NS）溶液,0.5 mmol · L^-1硫代硫酸银（silver thiosulfate,STS）溶液和去离子水（对照）分别预处理花枝（长为25 cm）基端2 h后再移至去离子水中瓶插,之后用10 μL · L^-1外源乙烯处理24 h,观测切花瓶插期间的观赏品质,瓶插寿命,花径和花枝鲜样质量等指标的变化。结果表明：乙烯处理可加快切花失水凋萎及叶片脱落,并抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯处理的不利影响,其中以30 mg · L^-1 NS处理效果最佳,该处理月季切花的瓶插寿命比乙烯处理延长7 d。另外,取月季切花的花朵（带5 cm花茎,无叶）进行上述试验,进一步证实乙烯处理可抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯对花朵开放的抑制作用。     

Vascular blockage in cut roses in a suspension of Pseudomonas fluorescens

Summary

To analyse quantitatively the relationships between cut rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Pascha’) vase-life, the onset of cavitation, plant water potential, and bacterial concentrations in the vase water, rose stems were placed in water containing different concentrations of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2892 tet^r rif ^r. There was a significant correlation (P = 0.0009) between cut rose vase-life and the concentration of bacteria in the vase water. As the number of bacteria in the vase water increased, the rate of senescence also increased. The water potential for roses in the bacterial suspension (at 8.50 log₁₀ CFU ml^–1) proceeded to drop constantly after 5.17 h in the vase solution, with the water potential falling to as low as -2.35 MPa by the end of the experiment (at 117 h). In contrast, the water potential of roses in deionised water dropped from -0.419 MPa at 5.17 h, to only –0.663 MPa after 117 h. When roses were stood in a bacterial suspension (at 8.5 log₁₀ CFU ml^–1) for 30 h, 63.8% of the total cumulative cavitation events were seen, while roses stood in deionised water exhibited only 26.8% of the total cavitation events. Uptake of acid fuchsin and the movement of tagged P. fluorescens 2892 in the xylem indicated that bacteria did not travel beyond the open-ended xylem vessels and were generally restricted to the first 50 mm from the cut end of the stem.     

6—BA对切花菊瓶插期间生理效应的调节

研究了预处理和瓶插处理方式下不同浓度６－ＢＡ对‘四季黄’切花菊瓶插期间花与叶的水分状况等生理效应和瓶插寿命的影响，参数包括：含水量、相对紧张度及饱和亏缺、气孔开度、叶绿素和可溶蛋白动态等。结果表明，６－ＢＡ延衰保鲜作用与上述指标密切相关，预处方式下低浓度６－ＢＡ、特别是１ｍｇ／Ｌ对瓶插品质及寿命影响效果最好，瓶插方式下，超过１ｍｇ／Ｌ即出现抑制效应。讨论了６－ＢＡ缓解叶片早萎的现象。     

非洲菊切花茎堵塞的解剖结构观察

 基于花茎解剖结构的研究,对非洲菊切花采后的花茎堵塞现象及杀菌剂纳米银处理的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：非洲菊切花茎基端的导管堵塞严重,而上部与中部导管未见明显堵塞现象。扫描电镜观察证实,非洲菊切花茎导管中的堵塞物为细菌。非洲菊切花采后用纳米银溶液浸渍花茎基端处理24 h可明显减少和推迟导管中堵塞物发生,显著延长切花的瓶插寿命。     

Water relations and keeping-quality of cut Gerbera flowers. I. The cause of stem break

Experiments were performed to find out the cause of stem break in some Gerbera cultivars. In cut flowers fresh weight decreased sharply 3 days before stem break occurred, and this was accompanied by a decline in absorption of water by the flowers. The petal water potential (ω) decreased in these flowers whereas it remained constant in flowers without stem break. Stem break could be prevented by pretreatment of the stems with sodium hypochlorite or silver nitrate, by adding silver nitrate or dichlorophen to the vase water, and by handling the stems in such a way that water could enter into the cavity of the stem.In 1 of the 4 cultivars used, the percentage of stem break varied strongly between summer- and winter-grown flowers.It is suggested that there are 2 different pathways for water uptake: a direct one through the xylem vessels at the cut surface and an indirect one through the cavity in stem. Only the direct water uptake is strongly inhibited by growth of bacteria in the vase water. Stem break occurs when the direct water uptake is inhibited by bacterial activity and the indirect uptake is hampered.     

Citric acid,sucrose and Cu2+ as potential vase treatments for cut Acacia holosericea G. Don foliage stems

The short vase life of Acacia holosericea cut stems needs to be improved before they are marketable as cut foliage for floral arrangement. The effects of citric acid, Cu²⁺ and sucrose were investigated for their efficacy in postharvest treatments to extend vase life of the cut stems. Five experiments were conducted involved combinations of citric acid either with Cu²⁺ or sucrose. Vase life, relative fresh weight (RFW), and vase solution uptake were measured as indicators of cut stem quality. The effect of Cu²⁺ alone was shown to be consistently superior in improving vase life by up to 1.9-fold as compared with deionised water control. Citric acid had a smaller effect than Cu²⁺ and did not act synergistically with Cu²⁺. Sucrose on its own or in combination with citric acid did not improve vase life significantly; instead sucrose promoted early wilting or desiccation of the cut foliage.     

超声波与保鲜剂对切花月季‘萨蔓莎’水分状况的影响

 研究了超声波(uw)、保鲜剂(Ps)以及超声波与保鲜剂复合(UW+Ps)预处理对切花月季‘萨蔓莎’花枝水分状况的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，3种预处理不同程度地改善了花茎瓶插后短时(6 h内)及瓶插期间的水分状况，提高了花茎不同部位的水势、花枝鲜样质量、相对含水量、吸水量及其与失水量的平衡，保持了较好的水分关系，不同程度延长了切花的瓶插寿命，其中uw +Ps预处理的效果最佳。从空化作用、保水效应等讨论了超声波、保鲜剂以及其复合预处理的可能作用机理。