不同留叶数对美引烤烟新品种NC297生长及产质量的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同留叶数（每株留叶16、20、24片）对美引NC297烤烟新品种生长及产质量的影响,结果表明：随着留叶数的增加,烟株株型与上部叶面积有明显的差异;留叶数的多少对中、下部叶片大小和单叶重的影响较小,对上部叶的影响较大;留叶数偏少,烟叶的产量会受到一定的影响,而留叶数过多,均价、上等烟比例将受到不利影响。综合产、质量效益,NC297以留叶数20片为最佳。     

不同留叶数对烤烟新品系兴烟1号生长及产值的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同留叶数对烤烟新品系兴烟1号生长发育及产值的影响,结果表明：不同留叶数对烟株的生育期和植物学性状明显不同,留叶数和生育期存在着一定的正相关;不同留叶数对烟叶的产值影响显著,留叶数偏少（20片）,虽均价差异较小,但对烟叶的产量和产值会有不利影响,而留叶数偏多（40片）,产量、产值虽有所增加,但其均价、上等烟比例将受到不利影响。兼顾产量、品质和效益,兴烟1号以留叶数35片为最佳。     

不同留叶数对兴烟一号的影响

为烤烟新品系的推广种植提供科学依据,研究了不同留叶数对兴烟一号的影响。结果表明：随着留叶数的增多,大田生育期变长,留叶数偏少会导致植株过旺,影响叶片和叶形,留叶数对上部叶大小有显著影响,对中下部叶大小无显著影响;赤星病和白粉病在留叶数较少时较轻,留叶数较多时较严重。随着留叶数的增加,上等烟比例、烟叶的产量、产值有增加的趋势。     

留叶数对腾冲烟叶产质量的影响

为探索留叶数对腾冲烟叶产质量的影响,通过设置大田试验,分析不同留叶数处理对烟株农艺性状、经济性状、烟叶物理特性、外观质量、化学成分及评吸质量的影响.结果 表明,随着留叶数的降低,烤烟株高下降,腰叶、顶叶长宽呈增加趋势,烟叶产量、产值呈降低趋势.当留叶数由22片降至16片时,C2F烟叶单叶重、厚度、叶面密度、填充值显著增...     

打顶时期和留叶数对山东烤烟上部叶生长发育的影响

为探究打顶时期与留叶数对山东烤烟上部叶生长发育的影响,以中烟100为材料,设置6个不同的打顶时期与留叶数处理,并对上部叶农艺性状、光合特性、碳氮代谢、衰老特性、烤后烟叶化学成分、感官评吸质量及经济性状进行了分析。结果表明,同一打顶时期,多留叶有利于抑制成熟后期上部叶强盛的光合能力,留叶18及20片处理有利于上部叶开片,后期抗氧化酶及NR活性较低,NI活性较高,落黄较快,烤后烟叶化学成分协调,经济性状优良。初花打顶以留叶20片处理品质较好,盛花打顶以留叶18片处理品质较好。同一留叶水平以初花打顶烟叶长宽比适宜,叶面积较大,开片较好,烟叶感官品质较好。综合来看,以初花打顶、留叶20片处理上部叶农艺性状较优,化学成分协调,感官质量较好。     

留叶数和留叶方式对上部叶烟碱含量的影响

为改善烤烟上部烟叶品质,降低和控制上部叶烟碱含量,进行了烤烟不同留叶数和留叶方式对上部烟叶烟碱含量影响的试验研究。试验结果表明：若土壤供应肥力过高、不均衡,气候条件特殊,则烟株留叶数和留叶方式对上部烟叶烟碱含量的影响会变为次要因子,并且表现得不明显;现从试验田间长势长相和测析化验结果分析得出,在肥料能充足供应烟株正常生长的情况下,随着留叶数的增加,上部烟叶烟碱含量逐渐减少,留权是在打顶后烟株生长过旺用于降低上部叶烟碱的一个有效手段。试验中,处理LB和L22上部叶烟碱都比处理L18和L16低,对照处理平均留叶数最多．烟碱含量也最少。     

留叶数对烟叶淀粉积累及相关酶活性的影响

为探讨烟叶成熟期间淀粉合成机理,分析了4个不同留叶数处理(分别留叶16,18,20,22片)的烟叶成熟期间中、上部叶淀粉积累动态及淀粉酶(AM)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性变化规律及其相关性.结果表明,留叶数与成熟期间上部叶的AM活性、淀粉含量无显著的相关性(r=-0.101,P=0.441 ＞0.05,r =0.221,P=0.089 ＞0.05),与上部叶的SS活性有显著的正相关(r=0.300*,P =0.020 ＜0.05);与中部叶的AM活性无显著的相关性(r=-0.179,P =0.172 ＞0.05),与中部叶的SS活性有极显著的正相关(r=0.395**,P=0.002＜0.01),与中部叶的淀粉含量有显著的正相关(r =0.328*,P=0.011 ＜0.05).留叶数增多时,成熟期间上、中部叶AM活性稍有下降,SS活性显著上升,淀粉含量也有所提高.     

种植密度和留叶数对‘中烟103’产质量的影响

为探索‘中烟103’在攀枝花市烟区合理的种植模式,以3种种植密度和3种单株留叶数为变量,采用双因素的随机区组设计,研究了密度和留叶数对烤烟生长、叶面积、叶干重、产量、产值和中上等烟率的影响。结果表明,随着密度增加,单叶重显著降低,下部和中部的叶面积增大,产量和产值提高,但上等烟率下降,中上等烟率无显著变化;随着留叶数的增加,上部烟叶长宽显著降低,当留叶数为20片时,产值、产量、上等烟率和中上等烟率最高。总体分析,在本试验条件下,行株距为(1.2 m×0.5 m)~(1.2 m×0.4 m),留叶数为20片的种植模式较为合理,中上等烟率最高,达到优质适产。     

稀土对烤烟生长及产,质量的影响

稀土是一种具有特殊的电子结构和多种理化性质的微肥。能起到作物生长刺激素的作用,施用浓度合理,对烤烟产量和品质的提高均有良好的影响。本试验用0.03％、0.04％、0.05％及0.06％ 4个浓度的稀土溶液于烤烟移栽后30天、40天和50天喷施于烟叶上与对照(喷清水)相比,0.05％浓度对株高有促进作     

不同施氮水平对翠碧1号烤烟产质量的影响

通过田间试验、化学分析和感官评吸等方法,研究了不同施氮量对翠碧一号(CB-1)烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明,不同施氮量对烤后烟叶产量、产值、化学成分和评吸质量均有显著影响。烤后烟叶产值、均价和上等烟比例在适宜的施氮量下表现较好。随施氮量增加,不同部位烟叶烟碱、总氮和石油醚提取物含量显著提高,总糖、还原糖含量、还原糖／烟碱比值和总氮/烟碱比值降低。综合烟叶内在化学分析和评吸结果,施氮量在58.5 kg/hm2和78 kg/hm2时,烟叶品质较好。     

引进水稻品种(系)的产量、品质及RVA特性

对引进的5个水稻品种(系)进行了产量、品质及RVA特性研究,并对稻米的直链淀粉含量、RVA特征值及食味特性进行了相关分析,结果表明,稻米的直链淀粉含量与最高粘度呈极显著负相关,与消减值呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为r=-0.927和r=0.710,最高粘度与食味值呈显著正相关,相关系数为r=0.689。综合5个引进品种(系)产量、品质及RVA特性分析的结果可以看出：津稻1007增产最多(增产约58%),但食味品质最差;津原E28增产较多,食味品质与对照品种相当;津原45和津原43增产较多,食味品质稍逊于对照品种;津川1号有一定程度减产,但食味品质与对照品种相当,可作为优质稻育种中间材料加以利用。     

Effects of Ozone on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varieties

The well-known ozone bioindicator tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) variety Bel-W3 and six varieties cultivated in Greece were tested for their relative sensitivities to ozone by exposures conducted in controlled-environment chambers (0, 90, 135 and 180 p.p.b. for 20 days at 8 h day⁻¹). Based on the extent of macroscopic symptoms, Bel-W3 was found to be the most sensitive variety, followed by Zichnomirodata (KK6/5), while K63 was the most resistant. There was a differentiation between Bel-W3 and KK6/5, in terms of both magnitude and visual appearance of symptoms. Ozone reduced the plant height, leaf area and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots. The root dry weight reduction was greater than that of leaves and stems. Moreover, gross photosynthesis was reduced by ozone exposure, mainly in the lower leaves. The ozone-related sensitivity could not be attributed to greater stomatal density because (a) the most tolerant and the most resistant varieties had almost the same number of stomata per mm² and (b) the most resistant leaves (upper) had greater stomatal density than the most sensitive (lower) ones, even in the same plant. Stomatal conductance was greater in the abaxial surface (P < 0.001) than in the adaxial surface and in the upper leaves (P=0.013) than in the lower leaves, but it did not differ significantly between the Bel-W3 and K63 varieties (P=0.3417). The fumigation of grafted plants – Bel-W3 (ozone-sensitive) on K63 (ozone-resistant) and vice versa – suggested that stocks did not affect the ozone sensitivity of scions.     

不同土壤类型上氮素形态配比对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

2008年,在云南省通海河西镇水稻土、楚雄子午镇紫色土、寻甸大河桥黄壤土、宜良马街红壤上,研究了不同的氮素形态配比对烤烟的生长发育及产质量的影响。通过对农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分和矿质元素的分析,结果表明:在宜良马街的红壤、楚雄子午镇的紫色土、寻甸大河桥的黄壤上以硝态氮占总氮比例40%～60%左右的处理有利于烤烟品质的提高,在通海河西镇的水稻土上以硝态氮占总氮比例40%左右的处理有利于烤烟品质的提高。     

绿肥-烟-稻轮作与烟叶产量品质及后茬晚稻产量效应

摘要 连续三年采用绿肥-烟-稻轮作田间定位试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究绿肥还田对提高土壤肥力和烟叶产量、品质及后茬作物晚稻产量的作用,取得良好效果。绿肥还田其养分释放可明显提高土壤速效氮磷钾养分含量,促进烤烟植株对土壤养分的吸收利用,显著提高烟叶产量。且改善烟叶品质,其烟叶外观表现为结构疏松,成熟度好,光泽强,颜色均匀,杂色少。三年结果统计,黑麦草区烟叶平均产量为2644kg/hm 2,油菜区烟叶平均产量为2626kg/hm 2,分别比对照增产14.6%、14.1%。上、中等烟叶比例分别为92.1％、93.6％,烟叶内在化学成分接近或达到优质烟叶标准。后茬作物晚稻分别比对照增产43.2%、29.6%。     

综合抗旱栽培技术对烤烟生长发育和产值量的影响

为探明不同抗旱栽培技术对烤烟的保肥保湿增温效果,通过小区试验,研究应用地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、地膜秸秆双覆盖、前膜后秸秆覆盖、保水剂对烤烟生长发育和烟叶品质的影响,为指导大面积烤烟生产提供依据。结果表明：地膜秸秆双覆盖、地膜覆盖,可改善烟株生长的环境条件,保湿、保肥、增温效果明显,有效降低烟株生育前期的干旱胁迫,促进烟株早长快发;秸秆覆盖和移栽时施用保水剂,随着干旱时间的延长而抗旱作用力减弱,秸秆覆盖可有效降低烟叶底烘现象的发生。     

Results of Long-term Experiments with Growing Flue-cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Monoculture and Different Types of Crop Rotations

In broadly conceived long-term experiments, tobacco was grown in monoculture and with different crop rotations. This paper presents results in terms of the yields achieved and the major yield components for the crops grown, and the proportion of particular tobacco quality classes obtained. In addition to tobacco monoculture (initially only fertilized and later also unfertilized) as the key crop, different types of crop rotations included, besides tobacco, the following crops: winter wheat, maize, soybean, oil-seed rape, and red clover. Experiments involved two 2-year and two 4-year crop rotations, and a 3-year, a 5-year, and a 6-year crop rotation. Experiments were set up on luvic semigley on multilayered Pleistocene sands. Average 10-year results suggest that there is an advantage of crop rotation over monoculture for tobacco leaf yields. The influence of different crop rotation types on yields of other crops was variable, tending towards higher values as the number of crops in rotation was increased. Values obtained for yield components should be considered from two angles: some of the values were primarily influenced by genetic factors, while others were influenced by ecological factors, including crop rotation as an overall biological buffer. With regard to quality classes (IB-III), the growing of flue-cured tobacco in crop rotation represents a great advancement relative to its growth in monoculture, even in a narrower crop rotation.     

不同施肥模式对稻茬烤烟生长和干物质积累及产质量的影响

为减少稻作烟区烤烟施氮量,明确稻茬烤烟减氮施肥模式的效果,以‘云烟87’为材料,采用大田试验,研究了减氮施肥模式与传统施肥模式对烤烟生长、干物质积累和烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明：减氮施肥模式有利于烤烟大田前期生长,可提高烤烟干物质积累总量5.03%,同时促进干物质向烟叶分配,有利于中、下部烟叶发育。减氮施肥模式的中部烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量可分别提高5.99%、5.42%、0.14%,中、上部烟叶的烟碱含量可分别降低0.37%、0.09%,下部烟叶的烟碱含量提高0.4%,提高烤烟化学成分可用性。南方稻作烟区可采用减少基肥氮和增加追肥氮比例、基肥穴施、増施灌蔸肥、分次浇施追肥的减氮施肥模式,以减少氮肥用量,提高烟叶质量,增加烟农收入。     

水分亏缺对烤烟光合特性和氮代谢的影响

通过真空表式土壤张力计监测土壤水势,以正常氮处理的烟株为对照,对生育后期由于施肥过多而严重影响烟叶品质的烤烟K326和NC89,进行有控制的水分亏缺处理,研究以水控氮对烤烟光合特性和氮代谢的影响,探讨以水调肥改善烟叶品质的生理原因。结果表明：两种氮肥营养下,土壤水分亏缺降低了叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,而施高氮较好的抑制了这种下降;适度的土壤水分亏缺抑制了硝酸还原酶的活性,降低了中上部叶全氮的含量,从而有效抑制了高氮营养下烤烟成熟期的氮代谢。     

Effects of the okra leaf,nectariless, frego bract and glabrous conditions on yield and quality of cotton lines

Summary Effects on yield and quality associated with the glabrous leaf, frego bract, okra leaf and nectariless genes (singly and combined) were studied under two insecticide spray regimes (heavy and light) in field experiments repeated over three seasons. Under the heavy spray regime there were few consistent differences between mutant genotypes and the normal except for low yields associated with the glabrous leaf, nectariless, frego bract genotype and the okra leaf genotype. Under the light spray regime, genotypes containing the okra leaf gene and/or the nectariless genes were associated with higher yields than the normal and genotypes containing glabrous leaf and/or frego bract genes were associated with lower yields. Positive epistatic interactions occurred in a number of instances including the okra leaf gene in the glabrous hair, normal bract background under heavy spraying, and with all backgrounds under light spraying, and for glabrous leaf in both the okra normal and okra frego backgrounds under heavy spraying. Nectariless also interacted positively with the normal leaf, normal hair, normal bract background under light spraying. Pronounced negative epistatic interactions only occurred in the light spray regime, and included glabrous leaf in all backgrounds, and frego bract in all backgrounds except the normal leaf, normal hair. The mutant genes had only minor effects on lint quality. The implications of the results for breeding and pest management are diseussed.