Superconductivity of metallic aluminum antimonide

The high-pressure metallic phase of aluminunm antimnonide is super conducting [critical temperature T(c) (P approximately 125 kilobars) = 2.8 degrees +/-0.2 degrees K]. This transition temperature is significantly lower than the transition temperature of metallic germanium under an equivalent high pressure. A similar result had been previously found for superconducting indiumantimonide in comparison to tin.     

Antiferromagnetic Ordering and Paramagnetic Behavior of Ferromagnetic Cu6 and Cu18 Clusters in BaCuO2+x

Magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements on polycrystalline BaCuO2+x revealed a combination of magnetic behaviors. The Cu(6) ring clusters and Cu(18) sphere clusters in this compound had ferromagnetic ground states with large spins 3 and 9, respectively. The Cu(6) rings ordered antiferromagnetically below the Néel temperature T(N) = 15 +/- 0.5 kelvin, whereas the Cu(18) spheres remained paramagnetic down to 2 kelvin. The ordered moment below T(N) was 0.89(5) Bohr magnetons per Cu in the Cu(6) rings, demonstrating that quantum fluctuation effects are small in these atomic clusters. The Cu(18) clusters are predicted to exhibit ferromagnetic intercluster order below about 1 kelvin.     

不同施氮量对花后高温春小麦叶绿素含量及荧光特性的影响

[目的]研究不同施氮量对花后高温下春小麦叶绿素荧光特性的影响,为分析氮素营养调控春小麦高温危害的内在机理提供理论依据.[方法]以宁春4号和宁春47号为材料,设施纯氮120 kg/ha(N1)、240 kg/ha(N2)和300 kg/ha(N3)3个施氮量处理,以不施氮为对照(CK),于花后18~22 d进行(35±2)℃高温处理,测定花后7、14、23、28和33 d不同处理的叶绿素含量及荧光参数.[结果]高温胁迫后(花后23~33 d),与CK相比,3个氮肥处理整体上可增加宁春4号和宁春47号的叶片SPAD值、最大荧光(Fm)和可变荧光(Fv),降低初始荧光(Fo),使Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm上升、Fo/Fm下降,其中N1和N2处理较CK增加或降低的幅度较明显.同时,花后23~28 d,N1和N2处理的单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)和单位反应中心耗散的能量(DI0/RC)显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),花后33 d时显著低于CK;单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET0/RC)在花后23~33 d均表现为N2>N1>N3>CK.[结论]适量施用氮肥可缓解高温对春小麦光合器官结构和功能的伤害,有助于提高其光合性能.     

相邻单元差值估计法的性质

对系统抽样的估计方差　　＾Ｖ１（－ｙｓｙ） ＝ （ １Ｍ－ １Ｎ） １Ｍ－ １ ∑Ｍｊ＝１（ Ｙｉｊ－ －Ｙｉ）２　　＾Ｖ２（－ｙｓｙ） ＝ （ １Ｍ－ １Ｎ） １２（ Ｍ－ １） ∑Ｍｊ＝１（ Ｙｉｊ－ Ｙｉ,ｊ＋ １）２我们有下列结果：（ｉ） 如果ρｋ ≠０ ,Ｖ（－ｙｓｙ） ＝ Ｖ（－ｙ） ,则Ｅ［ ＾Ｖ２（－ｙｓｙ）］ ≠Ｅ［ ＾Ｖ１（－ｙｓｙ）］ ＝ Ｖ（－ｙ） ;（ｉｉ） 如果ρｋ ＜ ０ ,Ｖ（－ｙｓｙ） ＜ Ｖ（－ｙ） ,则Ｅ［ ＾Ｖ２（－ｙｓｙ）］ ＞ Ｅ［ ＾Ｖ１（－ｙｓｙ）］＞ Ｖ（－ｙ） ;（ｉｉｉ） 如果ρｋ ＞ ０ ,Ｖ（－ｙｓｙ） ＞ Ｖ（－ｙ） ,则Ｅ［ ＾Ｖ２（－ｙｓｙ）］ ＜ Ｅ［＾Ｖ１（－ｙｓｙ）］ ＜ Ｖ（－ｙ） ．其中Ｖ（－ｙｓｙ） ＝ １Ｋ∑ｋｉ＝ １－Ｙｉ － －Ｙ ２ ,Ｖ（－ｙ） ＝ （ １Ｍ－ １Ｎ） １Ｎ－ １ ∑Ｋｉ＝ １ ∑Ｍｊ＝１Ｙｉｊ－ －Ｙ ２ρｋ ＝∑Ｋｉ＝ １ ∑Ｍ－１ｊ＝１（ Ｙｉｊ － －Ｙｉ）（ Ｙｉ,ｊ＋ １ － －Ｙｉ） ＋ １２ ∑Ｋｉ＝１（ Ｙｉ１ － －Ｙｉ）２ ＋ ∑Ｋｉ＝１（ ＹｉＭ－ －Ｙｉ）２∑Ｋｉ＝１ ∑Ｍｊ＝ １Ｙｉｊ － －Ｙｉ ２     

低温游泳结合银杏叶提取物给药对高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢的影响

[目的]研究低温游泳运动结合银杏叶提取物（GBE）给药对高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢的影响。[方法]通过高脂饲料喂养大鼠模型试验42 d,获高脂血症试验鼠,将大鼠随机分成4组（n=3）,分别为对照组、安静药物组、单纯低温游泳运动和低温游泳结合GBE给药组,测定各组大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,同时测定血清、肝脏、心脏组织中过氧化脂质（LPO）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。[结果]各试验组均能降低肝脏指数,SOD活性也明显降低;低温游泳联合GBE组能明显降低大鼠血清TC、TG值。[结论]低温游泳联合GBE给药可以调节高血脂大鼠血脂代谢,明显降低血液总胆固醇和甘油三酯,有助于高脂血症的改善。     

Quantum solvation of carbonyl sulfide with helium atoms

High-resolution infrared and microwave spectra of He(N)-carbonyl sulfide (He(N)-OCS) clusters with N ranging from 2 to 8 have been detected and unambiguously assigned. The spectra show the formation of a solvation layer beginning with an equatorial "donut" of five helium atoms around the OCS molecule. The cluster moment of inertia increases as a function of N and overshoots the liquid droplet limit for N > 5, implying that even atoms in the first solvation shell are decoupled from the OCS rotation in helium nanodroplets. To the extent that this is due to superfluidity, the results directly explore the microscopic evolution of a phenomenon that is formally macroscopic in nature.     

人为活动N对太湖地区水体中溶解N_2O的影响

从2000年9月到2001年9月,每月两次采样连续监测太湖地区湖、河和井水水体中溶解的N2O浓度、NO-3-N和NH4+-N浓度及水温的变化,研究了湖、河、井水体NO-3-N和NH4+-N浓度对水中溶解N2O浓度的影响。结果表明,湖、河和井水中溶解的N2O浓度与NO-3-N浓度呈显著正相关关系,也与水温呈正相关,而与NH4+-N浓度无显著相关关系。结果还表明,浅水型水体高浓度NO-3-N和NH4+-N的存在均是N2O产生的源;水体反硝化作用和硝化-反硝化均是水中产生N2O的重要途径。     

安康低海拔区域烤烟水肥一体化下氮肥减施效应研究

为研究安康低海拔区域水肥一体化下减施氮肥对烤烟生长及产质量的影响,以传统施氮量90 kg N/hm²（基肥）为对照,设置75 kg N/hm²（基肥+水溶性滴灌肥）、67.5 kg N/hm²（基肥+水溶性滴灌肥）和60 kg N/hm²（水溶性滴灌肥）等3个减氮处理,开展比较试验研究。结果表明：（1）不同处理农艺性状的整体差异,随烤烟生育进程的推进有增大趋势,在团棵期差异不显著;在旺长期N60处理烟株节距最长、茎围最小,烟株拔节速度最快但不健壮,N75处理表现最优;在平顶期差异为N90=N75>N67.5=N60;（2）不同处理的烤烟原烟外观质量和内在质量差异均为N90=N75>N67.5>N60;均价和感官评析质量以N75处理最好;产量、产值差异均为N90>N75>N67.5>N60。水肥一体化条件下,安康低海拔区域施氮量在传统施量基础上减少16.7%,对烤烟生产影响不大,同时有利于烟叶质量的改善,氮肥供给以基肥和水溶性滴灌肥料搭配使用为宜。     

Superconductivity in hydrogen dominant materials: silane

The metallization of hydrogen directly would require pressure in excess of 400 gigapascals (GPa), out of the reach of present experimental techniques. The dense group IVa hydrides attract considerable attention because hydrogen in these compounds is chemically precompressed and a metallic state is expected to be achievable at experimentally accessible pressures. We report the transformation of insulating molecular silane to a metal at 50 GPa, becoming superconducting at a transition temperature of Tc = 17 kelvin at 96 and 120 GPa. The metallic phase has a hexagonal close-packed structure with a high density of atomic hydrogen, creating a three-dimensional conducting network. These experimental findings support the idea of modeling metallic hydrogen with hydrogen-rich alloy.     

Order and Disorder in C60 and KxC60 Multilayers: Direct Imaging with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Monolayer and multilayer structures of C(60), a high temperature van der Waals solid, have been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. Structures grown on GaAs(110) at 300 kelvin and at elevated temperatures show significantly different morphologies because of balances between thermodynamics and kinetics. Condensation onto stepped surfaces demonstrates preferred bonding and nucleation at step edges. Detailed studies of potassium incorporation in crystalline C(60) show highly ordered structures in the K(3)C(60) metallic state but disordered non-metallic structures for high potassium concentrations.     

镍小团簇中金属键的E L F和L O L函数研究

用非限制性密度泛函方法UBP86泛函结合def2-TZVP基组获得了Ni2～6团簇的几何结构并用ELF(ElectronLocalized Function)和LOL(Localized Orbital Locator)函数对小镍团簇的电子结构进行拓扑分析.研究结果表明,除Ni2团簇外,团簇中Ni—Ni键的成键临界点不在键轴上,为弯曲键.镍团簇中Ni—Ni间的金属键为部分共价键,其价层Basin的布局数均小于1e,并且团簇中存在多个多中心价层Basin.团簇中各个化学键均强烈离域化.团簇中的单电子主要位于内层轨道,并没有参与成键.     

Electron solvation in finite systems: femtosecond dynamics of iodide. (Water)n anion clusters

Electron solvation dynamics in photoexcited anion clusters of I-(D2O)n=4-6 and I-(H2O)4-6 were probed by using femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy (FPES). An ultrafast pump pulse excited the anion to the cluster analog of the charge-transfer-to-solvent state seen for I- in aqueous solution. Evolution of this state was monitored by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using an ultrafast probe pulse. The excited n = 4 clusters showed simple population decay, but in the n = 5 and 6 clusters the solvent molecules rearranged to stabilize and localize the excess electron, showing characteristics associated with electron solvation dynamics in bulk water. Comparison of the FPES of I-(D2O)n with I-(H2O)n indicates more rapid solvation in the H2O clusters.     

氮肥施用对柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化的影响(英文)

[目的]了解柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化在不同温度下对不同氮肥施用量的影响关系,为构建果园生态系统的碳循环模型提供参数。[方法]采用室内模拟试验,在10、20、30℃3个温度条件下,研究施肥施用对柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化的影响。[结果]3种温度处理下,各施氮处理土壤有机碳矿化速率都表现为培养前期快速下降,培养后期保持相对稳定的趋势。在整个培养过程中,3种温度条件下各施氮处理的土壤CO2累积排放量为1328.25~2219.42mg/kg,100mg/kg(N4)处理土壤有机碳矿化量最大,CK处理最低,100mg/kg(N4)和80mg/kg(N3)2个高氮处理显著高于低氮50mg/kg(N2)、30mg/kg(N1)处理。土壤有机碳矿化速率随温度升高而增长,不同的土壤施氮条件下土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性不同,N2处理土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性最低,N4处理最高。柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化受高施氮量影响较大,低施氮影响不明显。[结论]随着施氮量的增加土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性增加,氮肥施用和温度的共同作用可能使柑橘林向大气中排放的CO2增加。     

Atom collision-induced resistivity of carbon nanotubes

We report the observation of unusually strong and systematic changes in the electron transport in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes that are undergoing collisions with inert gas atoms or small molecules. At fixed gas temperature and pressure, changes in the resistance and thermopower of thin films are observed that scale as roughly M(1/3), where M is the mass of the colliding gas species (He, Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe, CH4, and N2). Results of molecular dynamics simulations are also presented that show that the maximum deformation of the tube wall upon collision and the total energy transfer between the colliding atom and the nanotube also exhibit a roughly M(1/3) dependence. It appears that the transient deformation (or dent) in the tube wall may provide a previously unknown scattering mechanism needed to explain the atom collision-induced changes in the electrical transport.     

Organic molecular soft ferromagnetism in a fullerene c60

The properties of an organic molecular ferromagnet [C(60)TDAE(0.86); TDAE is tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene] with a Curie temperature ;T(c) = 16.1 kelvin are described. The ferromagnetic state shows no remanence, and the temperature dependence of the magnetization below ;T(c) does not follow the behavior expected of a conventional ferromagnet. These results are interpreted as a reflection of a three-dimensional system leading to a soft ferromagnet.     

A

A solid state, electronically addressable, bistable [2]catenane-based molecular switching device was fabricated from a single monolayer of the [2]catenane, anchored with phospholipid counterions, and sandwiched between an n-type polycrystalline silicon bottom electrode and a metallic top electrode. The device exhibits hysteretic (bistable) current/voltage characteristics. The switch is opened at +2 volts, closed at -2 volts, and read at approximately 0.1 volt and may be recycled many times under ambient conditions. A mechanochemical mechanism for the action of the switch is presented and shown to be consistent with temperature-dependent measurements of the device operation.     

不同通风方式对猪粪高温堆肥氮素和碳素变化的影响

采用单一机械翻堆、强制通风与机械翻堆相结合和单一强制通风3种通风方式,研究不同的通风方式对猪粪堆肥过程中的温度、T—N、NH4^ —N、NO3^-—N、T—C、水溶性C(DOC)和固相C／N比随时间的变化规律。结果发现,强制通风与机械翻堆相结合的方式是最佳的通风方式,它可以加快堆肥温度升高,促进NH4^ —N向NO3^-—N的转化,有利于水溶性C(DOC)的分解和固相C／N的降低,从而加快堆肥的腐熟。     

氮、钾配施对田七种苗质量及氮、钾吸收的影响

[目的]明确N、K配施对田七种苗生长发育及营养状况的影响。[方法]采用随机区组设计方法布置田间试验,凯氏定氮法测全N,火焰光度计法测全K。[结果]田七种苗干物质的积累来看,所有处理配方对田七种苗干重的影响没有显著差异,其总体表现为T2〉T3〉T5〉T4≥T1;主根鲜重的表现为T3〉T4〉T2〉T5〉T1,其中T3、T4、T2与对照组之间存在显著差异;全株N吸收量为T3〉T2〉T4〉T5〉T1,其中T3水平与对照组之间差异性显著,N吸收量提高了36.19%;全株K吸收量为T2〉T3〉T4〉T5〉T1,其中T2和T3水平与对照组之间差异性显著,其K吸收量分别提高38.78%和37.42%。[结论]N、K合理配施不仅能够提高田七种苗的质量,而且也有利于田七种苗对N、K等矿质营养的吸收利用。     

玉米栽培模式与施肥方式对土壤微生物和土壤肥力的影响

为建立科学的栽培模式和施肥方式,提高土壤生物肥力和实现土壤可持续利用。本研究采用常规裸地栽培玉米和地膜覆盖栽培玉米2种模式下的不同的施肥方式,测定多个微生物指标,土壤的养分和理化特性指标。结果表明:1)栽培模式对土壤温度和含水量的影响,在不同时期,两者的差异性不同;2)各种微生物指标影响系数的绝对值从大到小为:细菌、固氮菌,防线菌和真菌。土壤理化特性及养分指标影响系数的绝对值从大到小为:有机质、土壤pH、碱解N、全N、全P、速效K、速效P、土壤含水分量和土壤温度。不同模式下两指标变量组之间有极其显著的相关系数-0.932 1;3)不同栽培模式对不同施肥处理的重要性影响不大。只要含N,是否含P、K对微生物的影响不明显。复合施肥对土壤理化特性及养分有重要影响.由此可以得出:不同的栽培模式仅在苗期前期和成熟后期,对土壤温度和含水量的影响存在差异,并且不同栽培模式对不同施肥处理的重要性及各指标无显著影响。各种微生物和各个土壤理化特性及养分指标间存在复杂的关系。     

Conducting Layered Organic-inorganic Halides Containing <110>-Oriented Perovskite Sheets

Single crystals of the layered organic-inorganic perovskites, [NH(2)C(I=NH(2)](2)(CH(3)NH(3))m SnmI3m+2, were prepared by an aqueous solution growth technique. In contrast to the recently discovered family, (C(4)H(9)NH(3))(2)(CH(3)NH(3))n-1SnnI3n+1, which consists of (100)-terminated perovskite layers, structure determination reveals an unusual structural class with sets of m <110>-oriented CH(3)NH(3)SnI(3) perovskite sheets separated by iodoformamidinium cations. Whereas the m = 2 compound is semiconducting with a band gap of 0.33 +/- 0.05 electron volt, increasing m leads to more metallic character. The ability to control perovskite sheet orientation through the choice of organic cation demonstrates the flexibility provided by organic-inorganic perovskites and adds an important handle for tailoring and understanding lower dimensional transport in layered perovskites.