黑尾鸥繁殖生态观察

黑尾鸥 (Ｌａｒｕｓｃｒａｓｓｉｒｏｓｔｒｉ)是我国东部沿海地区一个优势鸟种 ,因其大部在海岸和岛屿的悬崖峭壁上繁殖 ,所以对该鸟的生态学报道甚少。 1995 .7～ 1998.8,我们在渤海海峡的长岛自然保护区车由岛 ,对黑尾鸥的繁殖生态进行了系统的观察研究 ,现将结果整理如下。1　调查地概况车由岛位于山东半岛与辽东半岛之间的渤海海峡、长山列岛的东北部 ( 12 0°2 1′Ｎ ,38°4′Ｅ) ,岛陆面积 0 .0 44ｋｍ2 ,海拔高度 73.6ｍ。岛屿周围是多种鱼类回游的通道 ,沿岸潮间、潮下带等湿地区域中生存有大量的海洋动、植物 ,加之有大面积的海上…     

池鹭的繁殖习性

池鹭在山东济南属夏候鸟 ,每年 5月上旬迁来 ,栖息在济南珍珠泉院内高大的法国梧桐树上 ,5月下旬开始产卵 ,每窝产卵 3- 6枚 ,6月中旬雏鸟孵化 ,孵化期为 2 2天 ,育雏期为 31天 ,以青蛙、鱼、泥鳅为主食。     

黄斑苇(干鸟)繁殖生态的研究

在吉林、内蒙、黑龙江有关区域，对黄斑苇鳱进行了观察，描述了黄斑苇鳱的栖息、生态、营巢、产卵、孵化、育雏、食性等习性。     

笼养东方白鹳的繁殖生态研究

主要描述并分析了笼养东方白鹳的营巢及产卵时间、试巢、整巢、异步孵化、育雏等五个繁殖生态现象,同时总结出管理对策。     

山麻雀繁殖习性的初步观察

山麻雀(Passer rwtilans intensior)是一种留鸟。分布较广,主要取食昆虫,可谓森林益鸟。笔者于1985～1988年在丽水白云山、余杭浒山对山麻雀繁殖生态习性作了观察研究,结果报道如下。     

寿带鸟繁殖习性研究

寿带鸟 Terpsiphone paradisiincei(Gould)属鹟科,是一种美丽的森林益鸟。其色型分栗色型和白色型两种。前者整个头部、羽冠、后颈及前胸呈金属蓝黑色,背面与带紫的深栗红色;后者头和颈均与栗色型相同。但背面白色。1999～1991年5～7月,笔者在山东省徂徕山林场,对该鸟的繁殖习性进行了观察。现报道如下。     

刺猬的生态及繁殖习性观察

本文提出了刺猬的栖息地、活动范围、食性食量、换毛、休眠、交配、产仔、育仔及幼仔生长情况。对了解刺猬在自然界的生态作用有重要意义。     

银环蛇产卵习性观察

根据１年多来对银环蛇产卵习性的细致观察，群体卵时间少数于７月７日左右，大多在７月２０日前后。卵皆为絮白色，椭圆形，重约７．５ｇ／只，长度３～６ｃｍ，银环蛇个体产卵时，于穴内一次性完成，卵大多成堆或平面状排列，卵与卵之间有胶状物粘连，难分离，少数卵零星分布，产卵量少则几只，多则１０多只。     

血红铆钉菇对土传病原菌抑菌性研究

在24种培养基上对血红铆钉菇子实体进行分离培养，对分离的菌种与病原菌立枯丝核菌、茄孢镰刀菌、链格孢、终极府霉、根癌菌在PDA平板上进行对峙测试，结果对病原菌立枯丝核菌能够重寄生，对茄孢镰刀菌产生抑菌带，对链格孢也有一定的抑制作用。能够控制病原菌的繁殖器官形成。同时进行了液体培养基的筛选，其培养滤液对病原细菌A．t产生抑菌圈，血红铆钉菇液体菌剂及其代谢物对病原细菌抑制作用比病原真菌强。室内盆栽试验表明，在灭菌土上血红铆钉菇对茄孢镰刀菌引起的猝倒病有一定防效，田间处理试验效果不明显。     

兰花主要品种的繁殖与栽培

兰花是我国的十大名花之一。我省的兰花资源十分丰富 ,具有很高的开发价值。本文主要介绍我省兰花的主要品种及栽培、繁殖方法 ,为兰花在省会长沙的推广与发展提供了条件。     

Optimizing wildlife habitat mitigation with a habitat defragmentation algorithm

Habitat fragmentation is being increasingly recognized as a serious problem for a variety of wildlife species. While it is possible to approximately determine by eye where on a map a habitat alteration could be used to decrease fragmentation, this is a slow and imprecise method that is impractical for large maps. An algorithm is presented that automates this task. The method is based on concepts of diffusion-based chemical signaling. Many organisms use chemical signals spread by diffusion to detect prey or to find conspecifics. Based on this concept, a ‘scent' is artificially generated for each unit of wildlife habitat and allowed to diffuse randomly. This creates a gradient around all habitat patches. A grid square located between two habitat patches that are close together will have a high concentration of ‘scent' and will be a candidate for converting to wildlife habitat to increase connectivity or to decrease edge. The algorithm chooses for conversion those squares with the highest concentration of ‘scent' that are not already habitat. The algorithm is shown to produce least-cost corridors to connect two patches, to fill in holes in an existing patch, and to decrease edge/interior ratios.     

Spring habitat selection of sables in Daxing''''an Mountains

IntroductionSables(Marfes.zibellina),rarefur-bearinganimal,belongedtocarnivore,andscatteredinNorth-Asiacontinentanditsisland,suchasfRussiaMongoIiaandKorea,etc.TherewerefoursubspeciesinNorth-eastandXinjiangofChinafM.ZprincePs,Birula,M.ZLiRkouensisMaEtWu,M.Zhamenensis.KiskidaandM.ZaltaiCa(Ma1981).Sables,asatypicalanimalofsub-frigidzoneconif-eroustrees,wasknownasoneofthreetreasuresinNortheastforitsfur.Now,itwaslookedasthefirstclassprotectedanimalinourcountry.OursabtewasmainlyinDaxing…     

滇金丝猴栖息地植物多样性研究

采用路线调查与标准地调查相结合的方法,结合历史资料,对滇金丝猴栖息地的野生植物资源进行了实地野外调查研究,分析了植物多样性及其受威胁状况。结果表明:(1)栖息地具有丰富的植物物种多样性,有维管束植物217科789属3533种(含亚种、变种),其中,国家重点保护野生植物有117种;(2)该区植物区系成分具有复杂性、多样性,明显偏重于温带性质、且植物区系起源古老,有中国特有分布属90个,其中,古特有属59个;(3)该区具有丰富的植被类型,包括4个植被型组,10个植被型,47个群系,具有较高的保护和科研价值。同时针对栖息地植物多样性受威胁状况,提出了植被恢复、生态移民及社区共管是保护植物多样性的有效措施。     

Costs of landscape silviculture for fire and habitat management

In forest reserves of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, management objectives include protecting late-seral habitat structure by reducing the threat of large-scale disturbances like wildfire. We simulated how altering within- and among-stand structure with silvicultural treatments of differing intensity affected late-seral forest (LSF) structure and fire threat (FT) reduction over 30 years in a 6070-ha reserve. We then evaluated how different financial requirements influenced the treatment mix selected for each decade, the associated effects on FT reduction and LSF structure in the reserve, and treatment costs. Requirements for treatments to earn money (NPV+), break even (NPV0), or to not meet any financial goal at the scale of the entire reserve (landscape) affected the predicted reduction of FT and the total area of LSF structure in different ways. With or without a requirement to break even, treatments accomplished about the same landscape level of FT reduction and LSF structure. Although treatment effects were similar, their associated net revenues ranged from negative $1 million to positive $3000 over 30 years. In contrast, a requirement for landscape treatments to earn money ($0.5 to $1.5 million NPV) over the same period had a negative effect on FT reduction and carried a cost in terms of both FT reduction and LSF structure. Results suggest that the spatial scale at which silvicultural treatments were evaluated was influential because the lowest cost to the reserve objectives was accomplished by a mix of treatments that earned or lost money at the stand level but that collectively broke even at the landscape scale. Results also indicate that the timeframe over which treatments were evaluated was important because if breaking even was required within each decade instead of cumulatively over all three, the cost in terms of FT reduction and LSF structure was similar to requiring landscape treatments to earn $0.5 million NPV.     

从堪舆的角度审视韶山的人居环境

伟人毛泽东故里——韶山是山水秀美的地方。本文从堪舆的角度分三个方面探究了伟人故里的人居环境,从而指出一个良好的人居环境不但应该是自然环境优美、具有自身的地域文化特征,而且也应该是天、地、人共同协调发展的和谐空间。     

我国红树林群落生境特征研究简述

文章在概述红树植物的分类及其生境特征的基础上,综述了盐度、温度、氧气、土壤、光等其他生态因子对红树植物生长、发育、分布位置的影响,不同红树植物的盐度适应范围、抗寒能力、耐淹水能力、对缺氧生境的适应能力。     

Winter habitat selection of red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis)

IntroductionRed-crowned crane (Gms j'apenensiS) is a vulnerabfe species, which is now endangered enough to belisted in the name list of National First-grade Protected Wildlife of China. In recent years with the increasing of people's requirements for resource, the size ofhabitat used by red-crowned cranes has decreasedsuccessively as a result of mankind's excessive exploitation on resource with plundering and blindness.Popufations are also threatened seriously. So it isurgent to strengthen …