维生素E对冷应激雏鸡血清NO含量及GSH-Px活性的影响

用含不同水平维生素E的日粮饲喂慢性冷应激(12℃±1℃)条件下的雏鸡。通过检测雏鸡血清NO含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性等指标,探索维生素E对其抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,应用维生素E后冷应激雏鸡血清NO含量极明显下降(P<0.01)、GSH-Px活性极显著升高(P<0.01)。表明维生素E可使冷应激引起的雏鸡血清NO含量、GSH-Px活性明显发生变化,具有缓解应激促进抗氧化功能的作用。     

冷应激对雏鸡十二指肠及血清NO代谢的影响

探讨冷应激对雏鸡十二指肠及血清NO代谢的影响。方法：以健康15日龄雏鸡为试验对象,进行急性和慢性冷应激（12＋1）℃处理,检测十二指肠和血清NO含量以及T—NOS和iNOS活性。结果：急性冷应激时十二指肠和血清NO含量、十二指肠T—NOS活性随应激时间的延长呈波动性变化;十二指肠、血清iNOS活性和血清T—NOS活性呈现先升高后降低的变化。慢性冷应激时,随着冷应激时间的延长NO含量先降低后升高,T—NOS活性先升高后降低,iNOS活性有所升高。急性和慢性冷应激可以引发雏鸡十二指肠和血清的NO代谢改变。     

冷应激对雏鸡腓肠肌及血清NO代谢的影响

为了探明冷应激对雏鸡腓肠肌及血清NO代谢的影响,以公雏鸡为试验动物,进行急性(1,6及12h)与慢性(5,10及20d)冷应激处理(12±1)℃,检测了腓肠肌及血清NO含量、T-NOS与iNOS活性。结果表明,腓肠肌NO含量、T-NOS与iNOS活性在急性应激时均随应激时间的延长逐渐降低,而在慢性应激时随应激时间的延长均未出现显著性变化;血清NO含量、T-NOS与iNOS活性在急、慢性应激时均随应激时间的延长逐渐升高。从而说明冷应激可以改变腓肠肌及血清NO的代谢,而且不同程度的冷应激对相同或不同组织内NO的代谢产生的影响也不同。     

大豆黄酮对急性热应激条件下公鸡睾丸发育、精液品质和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取18只32周龄岭南黄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ与Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮3mg/kg和6mg/kg。试验期14d。在试验的第10天对公鸡施行急性热应激(39℃,2h;40℃,2h)处理,分别于热应激前1d,热应激后4h、2d采集血样测定甲状腺激素(T3、T4)水平。试验结束时,宰杀公鸡、称睾丸重量并观察其组织学结构。结果表明:日粮中添加3mg/kg的大豆黄酮能显著(P<0.05)增加睾丸曲细精管直径。大豆黄酮对急性热应激公鸡的精子活率、精液密度、各级生精细胞含量、睾丸增重、睾丸重/体重等无显著影响。日粮中添喂3mg/kg和6mg/kg的大豆黄酮可降低急性热应激后公鸡T3、T4水平,但无显著差异。     

冷热应激对小鼠应激激素含量的影响

为研究冷热应激对神经内分泌系统的影响,试验随机选用30只雌性ICR小鼠,构建慢性冷热应激模型,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中的皮质酮、肾上腺素及生长激素含量,并测量应激前后小鼠体重。结果显示,与对照组相比,冷热应激组小鼠体重显著降低(P<0.05);冷热应激组小鼠皮质酮与肾上腺素含量极显著升高(P<0.01),冷热应激组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。冷热应激组小鼠血清中生长激素(GH)浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),且冷应激组GH浓度极显著低于热应激组(P<0.01)。结果说明,冷热应激激活机体下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质系统和交感神经—肾上腺髓质系统,致使其分泌更多的皮质酮与肾上腺素来调节并完成对应激的适应,较好地维持内环境的相对稳定,且冷热应激可抑制生长激素的分泌,影响小鼠的生长发育。     

维生素E对热应激雏鸡血清NO含量及GSH-Px活性的影响

笔者用含不同水平维生素E(VE)的日粮饲喂雏鸡至21日龄,对试验组雏鸡进行急性热应激处理(38±1℃,湿度60%～70%)2 h、5 h和10 h,各时间点分别进行心脏采血,测定血清NO含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,探索VE对热应激所致雏鸡抗氧化功能损伤的影响。结果表明,在各时间点,随着饲料中VE添加剂量的增加,血清NO含量逐渐下降,血清GSH-Px活性逐渐回升。表明VE具有缓解急性热应激造成雏鸡抗氧化损伤的作用。     

清凉冲剂对热应激条件下猪血清中NO含量的影响

热应激(Heat Stress)是高温环境作为激源(stres-sor)时机体产生的非特异性防御应答反应。但长时间的高温可使机体遭受热负荷,导致生理功能紊乱。NO是一种细胞信使或效应分子,在介导和(或)调节心血管、神经、免疫和炎症等方面均发挥重要作用。作为一种内源的防御分子,NO在生理病理状态下可保持血管内皮细胞和炎症细胞的协调性,调节组织器官的血流。由石膏、藿香、黄柏等天然中药组成的清凉冲剂,具有清暑化湿,泻心肾火的功能,是清解暑热,缓解热应激的良方,临床应用取得良好效果。试验旨在测定不同环境温度下猪血清中NO的含量,探讨其在热应…     

急性冷应激对大鼠肝脏miRNA的影响

将SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成冷应激组(4±0.05)℃和常温对照组(24±0.05)℃,再对2组大鼠肝脏中的6个miRNA进行qRT-PCR分析。结果显示:大鼠肝脏中6个miRNA的表达量均出现极显著差异(P0.01),说明急性冷刺激对大鼠肝脏中的miRNA表达量有极显著(P0.01)的影响,为今后的分子冷应激相关研究提供理论基础。     

Influence of topical dexamethasone applications on insulin, glucose, thyroid hormone and cortisol levels in dogs

The influence of two topical dexamethasone applications (dermal and ototopical) on plasma insulin, glucose, thyroid hormone and cortisol levels was investigated in beagle dogs. Both treatments significantly decreased basal cortisol values, associated with exaggerated rise in insulin (∼50%), together with unchanged serum glucose levels. Dermal dexamethasone quickly decreased plasma thyroxin (T₄) levels; whereas dexamethasone in ear drops gradually inhibited time-dependently T₄ release (18–50%). Both formulations blunted plasma triiodothyronine (T₃) levels but the response induced by dermal dexamethasone was stronger than by dexamethasone ear drops. Upon drug withdrawal, insulin secretion returned to baseline a week after treatment cessation, while cortisol, T₄ and T₃ levels did not reach baseline values. These results suggest that topical glucocorticoids unexpectedly trigger secondary hypothyroidism with concomitant suppression of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis but sensitize the endocrine pancreas, thus, their application needs careful evaluation for surprisingly different effects on endocrine stress axis activity.     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探寻调控扁蓿豆种子萌发期耐盐能力的途径,采用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理扁蓿豆种子,研究了盐胁迫下外源NO对扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,150mmol/L的NaCl溶液显著抑制了扁蓿豆种子的萌发,显著降低了发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗长度。外源NO在一定程度上缓解了盐胁迫对扁蓿豆幼苗的发芽率、发芽指数、芽长和根长的影响,但也存在浓度效应,以0.05%处理为最佳。0.05%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl处理下的扁蓿豆种子发芽率为86%,显著高于单盐处理的(0%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl)(P0.05)。0.05%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl处理下的发芽率、芽长和根长与0mmol/L NaCl溶液处理差异不显著(P0.05),发芽指数显著高于后者(P0.05)。     

Effects of racing and nontraining on plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of racing and nontraining on plasma thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) concentrations in sled dogs and compare results with reference ranges established for dogs of other breeds. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 122 sled dogs. PROCEDURE: Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before dogs began and after they finished or were removed from the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska and approximately 3 months after the race. RESULTS: Concentrations of T4 and fT4 before the race were less than the reference range for nonsled dogs in 26% and 18% of sled dogs, respectively. Immediately after racing, 92% of sled dogs had plasma T4 concentrations less than the reference range. Three months after the race, 25% of sled dogs had plasma T4 concentrations less than the reference range. For T4, fT4, TSH, and TgAA, significant differences were not detected in samples collected before the race versus 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plasma T4, fT4, and TSH concentrations decreased in dogs that complete a long distance sled dog race. Many clinically normal sled dogs have plasma T4 and fT4 values that are lower than the reference range for nonsled dogs. We suggest that the reference ranges for sled dogs are 5.3 to 40.3 nmol/L and 3.0 to 24.0 pmol/L for plasmaT4 and fT4 concentrations, respectively, and 8.0 to 370 mU/L for TSH.     

Effects of delmadinone acetate on pituitary-adrenal function, glucose tolerance and growth hormone in male dogs

Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined.     

高温条件下大豆黄酮对产蛋前期种鸡产蛋性能和血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

选取 90只 1 55日龄岭南黄肉用种母鸡 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 30只。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组Ⅰ喂基础日粮 +大豆黄酮 (Da)每千克饲料 3mg ,试验组Ⅱ喂基础日粮 +Da每千克饲料 6mg。预试期为 7d ,试验期 2 5d。各组混养 3只公鸡。采集试验处理前 1d ( 2 2℃ )、处理第 7天 ( 2 3℃ )、 1 1天 ( 30 5℃ )、 1 5天 ( 32 3℃ )的血样 ,测定甲状腺激素 (T3、T4 )水平。结果显示 :①与对照组相比 ,温度为 30 5℃ ,持续 2d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的产蛋率分别提高 30 0 %和 4 4 3% ,蛋重分别提高 5 99% (P <0 0 5)和降低 2 89% ,受精率分别降低 2 0 4 %和提高3 85% ,破蛋率降低 ;当温度升至 31 5～ 33℃ ,持续 4d ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ产蛋率、蛋重、受精率和破蛋率增加 ,但差异不显著。②处理第 1 1天 ,与对照组相比 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T3分别提高 2 5 6 %和 56 4 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T3分别提高 75 8%和 6 3 6 %。③与对照组相比 ,处理第 1 1天 ,试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的T4 分别提高 32 2 %和降低 9 1 2 % ;处理第 1 5天 ,T4 分别降低 1 5 1 7%和提高 4 7 9% (P <0 0 5)。     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

Effects of dilated cardiomyopathy on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide activity, and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the N-terminal fragment of proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP), and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs. ANIMALS: 15 dogs with clinical signs of DCM, 15 dogs without clinical signs of DCM, and 15 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs. PROCEDURE: Physical examinations, thoracic radiography, ECG, and echocardiography were performed on all dogs, and blood and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio, and NT-proANP concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with dogs without clinical signs and control dogs. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine concentrations did not differ significantly among groups; however, free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with control dogs and DCM-dogs without clinical signs. Concentrations of PRA, PAC, FT4, and urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio were significantly correlated, whereas plasma concentrations of NT-proANP only correlated with FT4 concentration. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with clinical signs of DCM, increased concentrations of components of the RAAS were associated with increased concentrations of NT-proANP Analysis of the neurohormonal system may aid in identification of clinical stages of DCM for groups of dogs, but the range is too great and there are too many dogs that have neurohormonal concentrations within reference ranges to assess dogs on an individual basis.