闽西南黑兔选育研究

利用原有闽西南黑兔保种基础群,采用家系内个体综合指数、继代繁育选留法,选育闽西南黑兔核心群,结果表明,公兔、母兔13周龄体重第3世代比第1世代分别提高1o.8％,10.4％,公兔13周龄体长、胸围、耳长、耳宽第3世代比第1世代提高3.0％～6.5％,差异均极显著（P＜0.01）,母兔13周龄胸围第3世代比第1世代提高3.6％,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;第3世代公、母兔13周龄体长、胸围、耳长和耳宽的变异系数小于7.8％,体型外貌整齐一致.闽西南黑兔每个世代的繁殖性能和各世代公、母兔4、10、13周龄性别间体重差异均不显著（P＞0.05）.     

因势利导开展群众性高产黑白花牛的选育

随着我市城乡商品经济的发展,广大农村的奶牛专业户在商品意识的启发下,为了提高劳动生产率,千方百计采取措施提高奶牛单产,突出的有以下几方面: 1.淘汰低产奶牛,改养高产奶牛,目前泌乳高峰期日产奶在20千克以下的奶牛已大都淘汰,奶牛的世代交替加速,平均产量一代比一代提高。据估计温州奶牛一般单产已超过4500千克。     

黑白花兔与福建黄兔生长发育及肉质特性的比较研究

随机选择36只黑白花兔和32只福建黄兔作为试验动物,对2个家兔种群早期生长发育、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和肉质特性进行比较研究。结果表明:黑白花兔不同日龄体重均低于福建黄兔;黑白花兔在生长后期(62~90日龄)饲料转化率极显著低于福建黄兔(P0.01);黑白花兔90日龄屠宰全净膛率与福建黄兔差异不显著(P0.05),其半净膛率比福建黄兔多1.57百分点,差异极显著(P0.01);背最长肌pH值、剪切力、滴水损失和后大腿肌熟肉率黑白花兔与福建黄兔差异均不显著(P0.05),说明黑白花兔也具有较好的肌肉品质,但生长速度相对较慢。     

加利福尼亚兔选育研究

经过对加利福尼亚兔进行３个世代纯种选育后,繁殖性能有了明显的改善。三世代窝产仔数、产活仔数、３５日龄断奶窝重分别为７．７３只、７．３３只、３７３３．６４ｇ,分别较零世代提高１０．４％、１１．６％和６９．８％,在ＣＰ１６．１３％、ＣＦ１４．５％的中等偏下营养条件下,四世代７７日龄体重达１９１５ｇ,３５～７７日龄日增重为２７．１１克,屠宰率达５６．２％,兔群整齐度有明显的改善。     

黑白花兔肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为了探讨黑白花兔肌肉营养品质特性,试验按照国家食品安全标准和化学分析法,对黑白花兔肌肉（腿肌）常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸构成比例进行测定分析,并评价其蛋白质营养价值。结果显示,黑白花兔肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为73.43%、21.67%、3.83%和1.13%,公、母兔间常规营养成分无显著差异（P>0.05）;黑白花兔肌肉中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量分别为196.53、78.64和70.80 mg/g;以氨基酸评分（AAS）为标准,第一限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;以化学评分（CS）为标准,第一限制性氨基酸是蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸,公、母兔间氨基酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;脂肪酸构成比例中不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比为1.74;除棕榈油酸（C16：1）和亚麻酸（C18：3）外,公、母兔间其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,黑白花兔肌肉中蛋白质含量高,鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸平衡性较好,不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸,营养价值较高,具有较好的食用价值。     

黑白花兔繁殖性状的相关及通径分析

为研究黑白花兔的繁殖性能,对黑白花兔母兔产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、21日龄只数、21日龄窝重、28日龄断奶只数和28日龄断奶窝重7个性状进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:各繁殖性状在表型上存在极显著正相关关系,其中21日龄只数与28日龄断奶只数的相关系数最大(0.876 9);对28日龄断奶窝重直接影响最大的是28日龄断奶只数(通径系数为0.548 5),其次是21日龄窝重(通径系数为0.373 0);通过决定系数计算结果,也认为影响黑白花兔28日龄断奶窝重的主要因素是断奶只数和21日龄窝重。因此,在兔生产实际中,除了通过选育提高母兔的繁殖力外,还要健全仔兔保健措施以提高窝成活数,同时还要加强母兔的饲养管理以提高泌乳量,从而从整体上提高黑白花兔的繁殖性能。     

规模化肉兔场后备兔的选育与核心群的组建

规模化肉兔场后备兔的选育与核心群的组建是兔场保持种质不衰退的主要手段。通过选留后备兔，组建核心群，可以稳定种兔的遗传性能，使种兔优良品质长盛不衰，使饲养户获得更多的经济效益。我协会自1998年以来，在我市屯留建民兔业股份有限公司、长子兔业开发中心两个5000只规模的种兔场里不断完善和发展种兔的持续选育方案，取得较好的效果。     

德系安哥拉兔的选育

从1984年～1987年,对进口的德系安哥拉原种兔进行本品种德育。其结果,成年体重;母兔4019g,公兔3901g,分别比原种兔提高38.95%和36%,差异极显著(P<0.01);产毛量公兔991.4g,母免1008.5g,分别比原种兔提高39.95%和42.73%,差异极显著(P<0.01);选育群母兔窝均产活仔7.28只,较原种兔提高5.81%;42日龄断奶窝重5134.5g,较原种兔提高36.69%,42日龄断奶个体重1125.5g,较原种兔提高40.3%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

水貂育种核心群选育研究

在水貂育种核心群选育中,组建核心群,经过初选、复选、精选、同质选配等措施,培育出体型较大,繁殖力高,生长发育快,毛绒品质好,遗传性能稳定的左家黑色标准水貂优良品种。结果表明:三个世代的选育,母貂的胎产仔数达到了5.58±1.72只,成活数5.33±1.81只;公貂的受配率为91.3%。公貂体重为(2.29±0.18)kg,母貂体重为(1.28±0.14)kg;公貂体长为(44.6±2.17)cm,母貂体长为(38.21±1.32)cm。毛绒品质也得到了提高。结论:水貂体重,体长,繁殖性能,毛绒品质均有所提高,基本达到预期目标。     

青海黑白花奶牛血清亲血色蛋白的多态性

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳法对西宁地区１６２头青海黑白花奶牛血清亲血色蛋白的多态性进行了研究。结果查明：血清亲血色蛋白有Ｈｐ１－１，Ｈｐ１－２和Ｈｐ２－２三种表型，其中Ｈｐ１－１为优势表型（７４．３８％）。根据Ｈｐ表型受一对共显性等位基因Ｈｐ￣１和Ｈｐ￣２控制的假设，其等位基因频率分别为０．８２５０和０．１７５０。     

终端父本杜洛克猪新品系选育效果研究

采用“闭锁与开放”相结合的育种方式组建基础群。依据性能测定结果，以日增重、瘦肉率作为主选性状。对美系杜洛克猪进行了5年的选育。结果日增重公猪达856g。母猪达833g。分别提高了6．87％和5．98％；瘦肉率公猪达66．2％。母猪达65．6％，分别提高2．32％和2．66％；背膘厚公猪下降了0．8mm。母猪下降了0．6mm。     

Evaluation of the efficiency of alternative two-tier nucleus breeding systems designed to improve meat sheep in Kenya

A deterministic approach was used to genetically and economically evaluate the efficiency of five two‐tier nucleus breeding systems for meat sheep in Kenya. The nucleus breeding systems differed in terms of whether the system was closed or open, in the type of animals that were involved in the movement of genetic superiority and in the number of selection pathways in each system. These systems were compared under four alternative breeding objectives based on monetary genetic gain and profit per ewe. The first objective simulated a situation where the flock size cannot be increased due to non‐feed related constraints (FLOCK). The second specifically assumed that the flock size is restricted due to limited amount of feed resources (FEED). The third and fourth objectives assumed that sheep performed only tangible roles (TR) and both tangible and intangible roles (IR) in the production system respectively. Monetary genetic gains were highest for all objectives in an open nucleus system with a certain proportion of commercial‐born ewes being introduced in the nucleus while at the same time utilizing young rams from the nucleus to breed sires and dams for the nucleus and commercial sector (ONyre). Utilizing young rams in a closed nucleus system for the dissemination of superior genes resulted in higher annual monetary genetic gain than utilization of old rams. Profit per ewe was significantly higher for FLOCK and IR in ONyre. In a closed system that allowed for downward movement of dams from the nucleus to the commercial sector to breed sires and dams, profit per ewe was highest for FEED and TR. The success of a nucleus breeding system should also focus on the profitability and logistics of establishing it. The implication of these results on the choice of two‐tier nucleus breeding systems for the improvement of meat sheep is discussed.     

金毛羚牛的繁殖行为观察

金毛羚牛是世界濒危动物,中国国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。它是世界十大濒危物种之一,仅分布于中国。本文通过对其繁殖行为的观察,为其繁殖和移地保护提供理论依据。     

农业养殖经济管理问题研究

农业是我国实体经济第一大产业,农业养殖优势农业经济发展中的重要环节之一.因此,农业养殖经济发展健康与否关乎我国整个实体经济的发展状况.而农业养殖经济发展的重要内生动力在于农业养殖自身的经济管理水平,所以,加强农业养殖经济管理水平对我国农业农村经济发展具有十分重要的意义.但当前由于社会发展进程的速度大于农业养殖产业发展水...     

Breeding programs for smallholder sheep farming systems: I. Evaluation of alternative designs of breeding schemes

Village‐ and central nucleus‐based schemes were simulated and evaluated for their relative bio‐economic efficiencies, using Ethiopia's Menz sheep as example. The schemes were: village‐based 2‐tier (Scheme‐1) and 1‐tier (Scheme‐2) cooperative village breeding schemes, dispersed village‐based nuclei scheme (Scheme‐3), conventional 2‐tier central nucleus‐based scheme (Scheme‐4), and schemes linking a central nucleus and village multiplier nuclei with selection in central nucleus (Scheme‐5) or in both central and village nuclei (Scheme‐6). Among village‐based schemes, Scheme‐1 gave the highest genetic progress, while Scheme‐2 was economically the most efficient with genetic gain in the breeding objective of Birr 5.6 and a profit of Birr 37.2/ewe/year. The central nucleus schemes were more efficient than the village schemes. Scheme‐4 was the most efficient with genetic gain in the breeding objective of Birr 13.5 and a profit of Birr 71.2, but is operationally more difficult as it requires a very large central nucleus. The choice between village and central nucleus‐based schemes would depend on local conditions (availability of infrastructure, logistics and technical knowhow and support). Linking central nucleus with village‐based nuclei (Scheme‐6) would be a feasible option to overcome the operational difficulties of the conventional central nucleus scheme. If a village‐based breeding program is envisaged as should be the 1st step in most low‐input systems, then Scheme‐2 is the most efficient. To scale out to an entire Menz breed level, Scheme‐3 would be recommended.     

Influence of feeding methods on blood biochemical parameters of Japanese Black breeding herd

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding methods on blood biochemical parameters by using a total of 32 Japanese Black breeding cows. The diet (silage) was distributed at a rough estimate for 18 days (FN period), and stanchions were not used in this period. After the FN period, the cows were separated in stanchions for feeding and were fed specified amount of silage by using scales on a feeder wagon, which was determined according to the diet formulation and average body weight of cows, for 30 days (FW period). On the last day of the two experiment periods, the body weight of all cows was recorded and blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected cows. β‐hydroxybutyric acid and albumin (Alb) levels were significantly higher after the FW period than after FN period. The variation of glucose, Alb, calcium and lactic acid was significantly smaller after the FW period. Several blood parameters of the FW period were approximately the appropriate range of a Japanese Black breeding herd in the dry period. Our results suggest that the feeding method by use of a stanchion and proper diet formulation affects blood biochemical parameters and improves nutritional conditions for breeding cows.