利用中芯一号SNP芯片检测隆林猪全基因组拷贝数变异

【目的】检测隆林猪的全基因组拷贝数变异。【方法】采集33头隆林猪的耳组织样本,通过酚-氯仿法提取DNA后,使用猪中芯一号50K SNP芯片进行基因分型,得到的原始数据通过Genomestudio软件和Linux系统进行处理,使用CNVPartition和PennCNV软件分别检测拷贝数变异(copy number variation, CNV),并利用Bedtools软件将CNV合并为拷贝数变异区域(copy number variation region, CNVR),使用Biomart对CNVR进行基因定位,利用David网站对定位到的基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,使用猪QTL数据库对共同CNVR进行QTL注释。【结果】CNVPartition软件共检测到260个CNVs,合并为47个CNVRs,其中缺失型40个、获得型5个、混合型2个,共定位到84个基因,显著富集到13条信号通路;PennCNV软件共检测到96个CNVs,合并为15个CNVRs,其中缺失型9个、获得型1个、混合型5个,共定位到8个基因,显著富集到8条信号通路;2个软件检测结果定位到的基因主要富集在嗅觉相关通路和...     

荣昌猪杂交群体基因组拷贝数变异鉴定与分析

为找出可能的性状相关遗传标记,本研究利用猪SNP60芯片对150头荣昌猪杂交群体基因组拷贝数变异区域(CNV regions,CNVRs)进行检测。结果,发现5个CNVRs,其中缺失CNVRs 3个(CNVRs 2,4,5),重复CNVRs 2个(CNVRs 1,3),分别位于1、7、8、13、14号染色体上。其中CNVR1和CNVR5为新发现的CNVRs,CNVR2和CNVR3为已有报道但还未验证过的区域。采用qPCR方法对CNVRs进行拷贝数变异验证,发现CNVR2、CNVR3和CNVR5在多个猪种中都具有丰富多态性;而CNVR4为芯片假阳性结果。在qPCR验证的3个CNVRs中有46个蛋白编码基因,这些基因主要富集在嗅觉受体活性、乙醇代谢、神经系统发育以及脂肪酸代谢通路中。本研究结果为解析品种间表型变异的遗传基础提供了新的遗传变异素材。     

利用犬170 K高密度SNP芯片检测16个中国地方犬种全基因组拷贝数变异

旨在解析中国地方犬全基因组拷贝数变异(CNV)分布情况,为分析CNV对犬表型变异的影响提供前期基础。本研究采集了16个来自中国不同地方犬品种和9头罗威纳犬共计185头犬的血液样品,使用血液DNA提取试剂盒提取DNA,利用犬170KSNP芯片和PennCNV软件对中国地方犬进行全基因组范围内的CNV分析。参照Illumina芯片标准操作流程进行芯片扫描和基因分型。将质控后的SNP参考PennCNV软件使用说明书,设定分析参数进行CNV检测分析。从分析结果中随机挑选8个CNV区间(CNVRs)使用实时定量PCR进行验证。利用BioMart以及DAVID软件进行基因和功能注释分析。结果表明,在185个个体中共发现了477个CNV,这些CNV随机分布在38条常染色体上,合并后可以得到220个CNVR,总长度约占犬整个基因组序列的1.25%,平均长度为142.24kb。在220个CNVR中,115个为缺失,74个为重复,31个为缺失/重复CNVR。此外,笔者发现53个CNVR为潜在的中国地方犬品种特异性CNVR。在基因和功能注释中,本研究共发现162个基因位于所检测到的CNVR内,这些基因主要富集的功能类别是嗅觉受体活动,嗅觉的感知,对化学刺激物的感知,感官知觉和神经系统过程。这些结果解析了中国地方犬基因组结构变异分布情况,将有助于进一步研究CNV与犬表型变异的关联性。     

从江香猪基因组中2个拷贝数变异区的多态性研究

为了研究从江香猪生长和繁殖差异与拷贝数变异拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CVN)之间的关系,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对从江香猪和大白猪基因组中的CNVR100与CNVR373的拷贝数进行了测定,并分析了从江香猪拷贝数与生长繁育性状之间的相关性。结果表明,从江香猪和大白猪基因组中都检测到CNVR100和CNVR373;与大白猪相比,从江香猪的CNVR100拷贝数较低,CNVR373拷贝数较高;相关性分析结果显示,从江香猪2个CNVRs与其体长和胸围有一定的负相关关系,表明这2个CNVRs的多态性可能对从江香猪的生长有一定的影响。     

5个猪品种3个拷贝数变异区的多态性分析

为了探究拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在不同猪品种间的多态性,本试验根据猪SNP60芯片检测结果,以大白猪、香猪、柯乐猪、糯谷猪、荣昌猪为主要研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对5个猪品种基因组中3个CNV区域(CNVR91、CNVR92和CNVR143)的拷贝数进行测定。结果显示,香猪的CNVR91以拷贝数缺失为主,其他4个猪品种的拷贝数以正常为主;香猪、大白猪、柯乐猪、荣昌猪的CNVR92以拷贝数缺失为主,糯谷猪以拷贝数正常为主;香猪和糯谷猪的CNVR143以拷贝数增加为主,其他3个猪品种以拷贝数正常为主。表明3个拷贝数变异区在5个猪品种之间具有多态性,可能通过剂量效应影响香猪、糯谷猪和柯乐猪等相关基因的表达和生理功能。     

蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究

拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在人类和动物基因组中普遍存在,是重要的遗传变异资源.本试验利用比较基因组杂交(comparative genomic hybridization,CGH)芯片对2匹蒙古马和1匹纯血马进行全基因组CNV检测,共检测到210个CNVs,长度6 109 bp至571.87 kb,平均值为37.81 kb,中值为14.45 kb.合并重叠的CNVs,共检测到70个CNV区域(CNV region,CNVR),大小从6 151 bp至573.59 kb,平均值和中值分别为38.93和14.45 kb,总长度为6.19 Mb.经CNV基因注释和功能分析发现,大部分基因与嗅觉受体活性、嗅觉感官知觉、化学刺激的感官知觉、识别和嗅觉传导等功能相关.对5个CNVRs进行qPCR检验,83.33%的qPCR结果与CGH芯片结果一致.通过对蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究,证明CNV在马基因组中普遍存在,为揭示马基因组CNV与重要生物性状的关联性及品种改良奠定了基础.     

拷贝数变异全基因组关联分析及数量性状基因座定位联合鉴定猪体高性状候选基因

旨在利用全基因组拷贝数变异区域（copy number variation regions,CNVRs）关联分析以及全基因组数量性状基因座（quantitative trait locus,QTLs）定位联合筛选出影响猪体高性状的候选基因。本研究利用快速检测基因组拷贝数变异软件CNVcaller对本实验室构建的大白×民猪F2代资源群体的重测序数据进行拷贝数变异检测。利用混合线性模型（mixed-linear model,MLM）将性别和胎次作为固定效应对体高性状进行拷贝数变异全基因组关联分析（CNVR-GWAS）。采用软件R/qtl进行QTL分析,并使用置换检验（permutation test,PT）进行检验。将CNVR-GWAS与QTL结果进行联合注释,结合GO富集和KEGG通路分析,对影响猪体高的位点和基因进行挖掘。利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）方法验证候选基因。结果表明,本群体在全基因组范围内共有3 099个CNVRs,其中有两个CNVRs与体高性状在全基因组范围内显著相关,分别位于7号染色体的25 358 001~26 696 400 bp处（CNVR1）和54 087 201~54 090 000 bp处（CNVR2）。在混合线性模型分析的结果中发现,CNVR1拷贝数增加（P<0.01）和CNVR2拷贝数缺失（P<0.01）对猪的体高性状具有显著影响。基因组显著水平可找到2个显著影响猪体高的QTLs,分别为BH-1和BH-2,其中BH-2对体高性状的影响较大。CNVR1和BH-2重叠区存在1个嗅觉受体基因OR12D3和18个未被注释的基因。qPCR验证OR12D3的拷贝数变异与利用混合线性模型统计推断出的结果一致。初步推测,OR12D3基因的拷贝数变异可能与猪体高性状相关。     

皱皮香猪3个基因组拷贝数变异的多态性分布

为探究皱皮香猪个体产生皮肤变异的根本原因,本文基于重测序数据,采用生物信息学分析皱皮香猪基因组中的拷贝数变异(CNV),通过荧光定量 PCR 方法检测皱皮香猪中 3 个 CNVs 的拷贝数变异规律,并与香猪和大白猪进行比较。结果表明:3 个 CNVs 在猪群中的拷贝数变异呈现出多态性变化,皱皮香猪中CNV1以拷贝数缺失型为主,其中的 MPC1和 RSK3基因可能与脂肪沉积有关;皱皮香猪 CNV2和 CNV3以拷贝数增加型占优势,其中的 CCL17和 CX3CL1基因参与皮肤等组织的炎症反应,可能通过剂量效应引起香猪皮肤产生褶皱。     

利用全基因组重测序数据检测8个鸭品种基因组拷贝数变异

旨在鉴别与鸭重要经济性状潜在相关的拷贝数变异(copy number variations, CNVs),为解析CNVs对鸭经济性状的影响提供前期研究基础。本研究利用从美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI)公共数据库中下载的8个鸭品种共78个个体的全基因组重测序数据，采用CNVnator和CNVcaller软件进行全基因组CNVs检测，同时只保留两个软件检测结果中存在至少1 bp重叠的同类型CNVRs,以消除假阳性对试验结果的影响。结果显示，8个鸭品种的CNVs合并后共检测出7 550个CNV regions (CNVRs),其中包括7 098个duplications和452个deletions。这些CNVRs在鸭29条常染色体上呈不均匀分布，总长度为16 111.2 kb,平均长度为2 134 bp,约占鸭基因组的1.51%。此外，本研究在8个鸭品种共筛选到4 304个潜在的品种特异性CNVRs,覆盖1 230个注释基因。通过基因功能Gene Ontology(GO)富集分析，鉴别到38个可...     

巴马香猪产活仔数性状全基因组关联分析

为寻找与巴马香猪产活仔数相关的分子标记,试验利用全基因组关联分析（GWAS）定位并筛选了影响产活仔数性状的候选基因,采集297头具有多胎产仔记录的巴马香猪耳组织样品,提取DNA并利用猪50K SNP芯片进行基因分型,分型结果经质控与基因型填充后,使用Tassel软件对巴马香猪产活仔数性状进行全基因组关联分析。结果显示,巴马香猪平均窝产活仔数在1~9胎内随着胎次增加逐渐升高;经质控过滤后共获得32 816个SNPs位点,利用全基因组关联分析共筛选到8个与巴马香猪产活仔数相关的SNPs位点,分别在基因组或染色体水平达到显著;对关联显著SNP位点上下游500 kb内的编码基因进行富集分析,并依据猪繁殖性状相关QTL区域及基因功能,最终筛选到4个基因（CAPZB、MSH3、CITED2和HSD17B7）作为影响巴马香猪产活仔数的候选基因。     

Detection of Genome-wide Copy Number Variation Using Porcine 1.4M High-density SNP Chips in Bama Xiang Pigs

The aim of this study was to detect the copy number variation (CNV) in the genome of Bama Xiang pigs and investigate the effect of marker density on the efficiency and accuracy of CNV detection. PennCNV and R-Gada were employed to detect CNVs using the 1.4M high-density SNP chip data of 319 (160 hogs and 159 gilts) Bama Xiang pigs, and the CNV region (CNVR) was constructed by merging overlapping CNVs. Only the CNVR with higher frequency than 5% was verified by the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Finally, according to the marker densities, a certain number of SNPs were evenly extracted, and the effect of marker density on CNV detection efficiency and accuracy was explored. There were 6 327 CNVs detected by PennCNV and 3 489 CNVs detected by R-Gada, which made up of 795 and 340 CNVRs, respectively, including 226 CNVRs identified by both programs. Among the 226 CNVRs, the shortest was 3.98 kb, the longest was 1 297.78 kb, and their total length was 33.27 Mb, of which 102 (45%) overlapped the CNVRs reported previously. Among the 795 CNVRs detected by PennCNV, 135 had a higher frequency than 5%, 20 of which had been verified by GWAS, and the verification rate was 15%. With the SNP density increasing, the efficiency and accuracy of CNV detection were increased, especially for the small size CNVs. A CNVR sketch of Bama Xiang pigs had been drawn using 1.4M SNP chips, which was helpful to identify CNVRs associated with important economic traits in the future. At the same time, we revealed the positive effect of marker density on the efficiency and accuracy of CNV detection, and the results provided a reference of choosing marker density for the follow-up research of CNV detection.     

Detection and analysis of genome-wide copy number variation in the pig genome using an 80 K SNP Beadchip

Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variability in human or animal genomes and play key roles in phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis for CNV detection using SNP genotyping data of 857 Large White pigs. A total of 312 CNV regions (CNVRs) were detected with the PennCNV algorithm, which covered 57.76 Mb of the pig genome and correspond to 2.36% of the genome sequence. The length of the CNVRs on autosomes ranged from 1.77 Kb to 1.76 Mb with an average of 185.11 Kb. Of these, 220 completely or partially overlapped with 1,092 annotated genes, which enriched a wide variety of biological processes. Comparisons with previously reported pig CNVR revealed 92 (29.49%) novel CNVRs. Experimentally, 80% of CNVRs selected randomly were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also performed an association analysis between some of the CNVRs and reproductive traits, with results demonstrating the potential importance of CNVR61 and CNVR283 associated with litter sizes. Notably, the GPER1 gene located in CNVR61 plays a key role in reproduction. Our study is an important complement to the CNV map in the pig genome and provides valuable information for investigating the association between genomic variation and economic traits.     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.